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Article ; Online: Postoperative surveillance after surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: a cross-sectional study.

Nzenwa, I C / Pathak, S / Knight, S R / Mowbray, N G / O'Reilly, D / Jones, R P

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

2023 Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 213–218

Abstract: Introduction: Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are associated with a high recurrence rate after surgery. There is paucity of high-quality evidence regarding the nature and overall benefit of surveillance after hepatectomy for CRLM. As part of a ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are associated with a high recurrence rate after surgery. There is paucity of high-quality evidence regarding the nature and overall benefit of surveillance after hepatectomy for CRLM. As part of a broader programme of research, this study aimed to assess current strategies for surveillance after liver resection for CRLM and outline surgeons' opinions regarding the benefit of postoperative surveillance. Methods: An online survey was sent to clinicians performing surgery for CRLM at tertiary hepatobiliary centres in the UK. Results: There were responses from a total of 23 centres (88% response rate); 15/23 centres used standardised surveillance protocols for all patients. Most centres followed patients up at six months, but there is variation in postoperative surveillance at 3, 9, 18 and beyond 60 months. Patient comorbidities, indeterminate findings on imaging, margin status and assessment of recurrence risk were identified as the major factors influencing personalised surveillance strategies. There was clear clinician equipoise regarding the costs and benefits of surveillance. Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in postoperative follow-up for CRLM in the UK. High-quality prospective studies and randomised trials are necessary to elucidate the value of postoperative surveillance and identify optimal follow-up strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80044-2
ISSN	1478-7083 ; 0035-8843
ISSN (online)	1478-7083
ISSN	0035-8843
DOI	10.1308/rcsann.2023.0027
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Article ; Online: A review of the enhanced CJD surveillance feasibility study in the elderly in Scotland, UK.

Kanguru, Lovney / Cudmore, Sarah / Logan, Gemma / Waddell, Briony / Smith, Colin / Molesworth, Anna / Knight, Richard

BMC geriatrics

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Abstract: Background: Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (vCJD) arose from dietary contamination with bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy (BSE). Because of concerns that vCJD-cases might be missed in the elderly, a feasibility study of enhanced CJD surveillance on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (vCJD) arose from dietary contamination with bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy (BSE). Because of concerns that vCJD-cases might be missed in the elderly, a feasibility study of enhanced CJD surveillance on the elderly was begun in 2016. Recruitment was lower than predicted. We describe a review of the challenges encountered in that study: identification, referral, and recruitment, and the effects of actions based on the results of that review. Methods: Review was conducted in 2017. Study data for all eligible cases identified and referred from one participating service (Anne Rowling clinic (ARC)) was curated and anonymised in a bespoke database. A questionnaire was sent out to all the clinicians in medicine of the elderly, psychiatry of old age and neurology (including ARC) specialties in NHS Lothian, exploring possible reasons for low recruitment. Results: Sixty-eight cases were referred from the ARC (March 2016-September 2017): 25% were recruited. Most cases had been referred because of diagnostic uncertainty. No difference was seen between those recruited and the non-recruited, apart from age and referrer. Twelve of 60 participating clinicians completed the questionnaire: only 4 had identified eligible cases. High workload, time constraints, forgetting to refer, unfamiliarity with the eligibility criteria, and the rarity of eligible cases, were some of the reasons given. Suggestions as to how to improve referral of eligible cases included: regular email reminders, feedback to referrers, improving awareness of the study, visible presence of the study team, and integration of the study with other research oriented services. These results were used to increase recruitment but without success. Conclusion: Recruitment was lower than predicted. Actions taken following a review at 21 months did not lead to significant improvement; recruitment remained low, with many families/patients declining to take part (75%). In assessing the failure to improve recruitment, two factors need to be considered. Firstly, the initial referral rate was expected to be higher because of existing patients already known to the clinical services, with later referrals being only newly presenting patients. Secondly, the unplanned absence of a dedicated study nurse. Searching digital records/anonymised derivatives to identify eligible patients could be explored.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Cattle ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/diagnosis ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/epidemiology ; Scotland
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-023-04556-z
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Article ; Online: Wastewater surveillance for public health.

Levy, Joshua I / Andersen, Kristian G / Knight, Rob / Karthikeyan, Smruthi

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 379, Issue 6627, Page(s) 26–27

Abstract: Wastewater contains information on pathogen spread, evolution, and outbreak risk. ...

Abstract	Wastewater contains information on pathogen spread, evolution, and outbreak risk.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Public Health ; Wastewater/microbiology ; Wastewater/virology ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Wastewater
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.ade2503
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Article ; Online: Impacts of trace mineral source and ancillary drench on steer performance during a 60-day backgrounding phase.

Cordero, J F / Harvey, K M / Drewery, M E / McKnight, M G / Karisch, B B / Durst, L S / Colombo, E A / Cooke, R F / Russell, J R

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

2024 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 101080

Abstract: ... 40). Diets provided the same daily amount of all nutrients and minerals based on 7 g/steer daily ...

Abstract	Nutritional approaches to optimize cattle health and performance during the receiving period are warranted. This experiment evaluated the impacts of supplementing organic complexed Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn on productive and health responses of high-risk beef cattle during a 60-day backgrounding phase. Crossbred steers (120) were purchased at auction and transported to the experimental facility, where BW was recorded (day-1; initial shrunk BW = 227.7 ± 1.3 kg). On day 0, steers were ranked by BW and allocated to one of eight groups and housed in drylot pens equipped with GrowSafe automated feeding systems (Model 8000; two bunks/pen). Groups were randomly assigned to receive a total mixed ration containing: (1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR; n = 40); (2) organic complexed sources of the same minerals (AAC; Zinpro Availa 4 based on a metal:amino acid complex ratio of 1:1 for Zn, Cu, and Mn in addition to cobalt glucoheptonate; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN; n = 40); or (3) AAC and an organic complexed trace mineral drench (APF; 30 mL/hd; Zinpro ProFusion, Zinpro Corp.) on day 0 and with morbidity treatment (n = 40). Diets provided the same daily amount of all nutrients and minerals based on 7 g/steer daily of Zinpro Availa 4. Steers were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs daily. Liver biopsies were performed on days 0, 28 and 60. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 6, 10, 13, 21, 28 and 45. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.23) for feed intake, final BW, average daily gain, or BRD incidence. Mean liver Co concentrations were greater (P = 0.02) in AAC and APF compared to INR steers. Mean liver Cu was greater (P = 0.02) in APF compared to AAC steers. Liver Zn tended to be greater (P = 0.10) on day 28 but less (P = 0.05) on day 60 for INR compared to AAC and APF steers. Plasma cortisol was lowest (P = 0.05) for AAC steers on day 6, whereas AAC steers tended to have greater (P = 0.09) plasma cortisol on day 13 compared with APF. Plasma haptoglobin tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) for INR steers on days 28 and 45 compared to AAC and APF. While supplementing cattle with AAC or INR results in similar animal performance and clinical disease, AAC and APF reduce stress and acute phase protein responses.
MeSH term(s)	Cattle ; Animals ; Trace Elements ; Dietary Supplements ; Hydrocortisone ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Diet/veterinary ; Minerals
Chemical Substances	Trace Elements ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ) ; Minerals
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1016/j.animal.2024.101080
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Article ; Online: Biobehavioral Implications of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Current State and Future Directions.

Taylor, Mallory R / Steineck, Angela / Lahijani, Sheila / Hall, Anurekha G / Jim, Heather S L / Phelan, Rachel / Knight, Jennifer M

Transplantation and cellular therapy

2022 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–26

Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical responses in hematologic malignancies. Recent advances in CAR T-cell therapy have expanded its application into other populations including older patients and those with ... ...

Abstract	Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical responses in hematologic malignancies. Recent advances in CAR T-cell therapy have expanded its application into other populations including older patients and those with central nervous system and solid tumors. Although its clinical efficacy has been excellent for some malignancies, CAR T-cell therapy is associated with severe and even life-threatening immune-mediated toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. There is a strong body of scientific evidence highlighting the connection between immune activation and neurocognitive and psychological phenomena. To date, there has been limited investigation into this relationship in the context of immunotherapy. In this review, we present a biobehavioral framework to inform current and future cellular therapy research and contribute to improving the multidimensional outcomes of patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3062231-1
ISSN	2666-6367
ISSN (online)	2666-6367
DOI	10.1016/j.jtct.2022.09.029
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Article ; Online: Plant growth promotion by the interaction of a novel synthetic small molecule with GA-DELLA function.

Sukiran, Nur Afiqah / Pollastri, Susanna / Steel, Patrick G / Knight, Marc R

Plant direct

2022 Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) e398

Abstract: Synthesized small molecules are useful as tools to investigate hormonal signaling involved in plant growth and development. They are also important as agrochemicals to promote beneficial properties of crops in the field. We describe here the synthesis ... ...

Abstract	Synthesized small molecules are useful as tools to investigate hormonal signaling involved in plant growth and development. They are also important as agrochemicals to promote beneficial properties of crops in the field. We describe here the synthesis and mode of action of a novel growth-promoting chemical, A1. A1 stimulates enhanced growth in both shoot and root tissues of plants, acting by increasing both dry and fresh weight. This suggests that A1 not only promotes uptake of water but also increases production of cellular material. A1 treatment of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2475-4455
ISSN (online)	2475-4455
DOI	10.1002/pld3.398
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Article: Automated feeding of sheep. 2. Feeding behaviour influences the methane emissions of sheep offered restricted diets

Muir, S. K. / Behrendt, R. / Moniruzzaman, M. / Kearney, G. / Knight, M. I. / Thomas, Dean

Animal production science. 2022, v. 62, no. 1

2022

Abstract: ... using PACs on Days 30 and 31 of the restricted feeding period. Key results Methane production (g/day ...

Abstract	Context During the non-growing season of pastures and during droughts, the dry-matter intake (DMI) of sheep is often constrained due to low pasture availability and the need to feed for weight loss or maintenance. Below-maintenance feeding may have consequences for methane (CH4) production and yield in farm systems. Aims The effect of six restricted feeding levels on CH4 emissions measured using portable accumulation chambers (PACs) was examined in relation to DMI, oxygen consumption (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and observed changes in feeding behaviour in sheep fed with automated feeders. Methods An automated feeding system was used to apply daily feeding levels to Maternal Composite ewes (n=126). Sheep were adapted to the automated feeding system over 19days, with unlimited access to feed. Following adaptation, sheep were allocated to restricted daily feed levels at 40%, 80%, 100%, 140% and 180% of estimated maintenance requirements (MR) for 41days. Methane, CO2 and O2 emissions from ewes were measured using PACs on Days 30 and 31 of the restricted feeding period. Key results Methane production (g/day) increased (P<0.001) with the level of feeding. However, time since the last meal decreased with the level of feeding and was associated with CH4 production. Sheep on lower levels of feeding tended to consume meals earlier in the day and had longer times since their last meal at PAC measurement and lower CH4 production. These two factors explained 58.7% of the variance in CH4 production in an additive linear model. Methane yield (gCH4/kg DMI) decreased as the level of feeding was increased. Conclusions Methane emissions were affected not only by daily DMI, but also time since the last meal. An understanding of the effect of feeding behaviour and time since the last meal should be incorporated into feeding protocols prior to CH4 measurements when PACs are being used to measure CH4 emissions from sheep fed restricted diets. Implications Utilising automated feeders may improve the accuracy of PAC measurements of sheep CH4 emissions fed both ad libitum and restricted feed amounts, by increasing understanding of DMI and feeding behaviour.
Keywords	animal production ; automation ; carbon dioxide ; dry matter intake ; farms ; linear models ; methane ; methane production ; oxygen consumption ; pastures ; variance ; weight loss
Language	English
Size	p. 55-66.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN20634
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Immunogenicity and safety of NVX-CoV2373 as a booster: A phase 3 randomized clinical trial in adults.

Raiser, Fritz / Davis, Matthew / Adelglass, Jeffrey / Cai, Miranda R / Chau, Gordon / Cloney-Clark, Shane / Eickhoff, Mark / Kalkeri, Raj / McKnight, Irene / Plested, Joyce / Zhu, Mingzhu / Dunkle, Lisa M

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 41, Page(s) 5965–5973

Abstract: ... by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAb). These responses were compared for the three lots, and ... for participants with primary series with or without a prior booster dose of the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S ...

Abstract	Background: To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple vaccines using different manufacturing platforms have been developed, including NVX-CoV2373 (an adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccine). As SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, some of which evade vaccine-induced immunity, introduction of vaccine booster doses has become critical. Employing different vaccine types for primary series vaccination and boosting could expand vaccine coverage and access. This study assessed whether NVX-CoV2373 would induce robust responses when used as a booster. Methods: The 2019nCoV-307 study was a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded trial evaluating immunogenicity and safety of NVX-CoV2373 in previously vaccinated adults aged 18-49 years in the United States (NCT05463068). Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive one intramuscular injection of NVX-CoV2373 from one of three different manufacturing lots. Immunogenicity was assessed by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAb). These responses were compared for the three lots, and for participants with primary series with or without a prior booster dose of the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, or NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines. Results: A total of 911 participants were randomized between July 11 and 13, 2022, with 905 being assessed for safety and 848 for immunogenicity. Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 met prespecified equivalence criteria between lots, and the booster dose was well-tolerated. NVX-CoV2373 induced robust IgG and NAb responses when used as a first or later booster dose, regardless of primary series vaccine type. Seroconversion rates were also similar across previous vaccine types. Induced antibodies were strongly reactive, even to the immune-evasive Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. Conclusions: NVX-CoV2373 showed consistent immunogenicity between lots, with no new safety signals identified. Use of NVX-CoV2373 as a booster dose (first or later) is supported.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Ad26COVS1 ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Immunoglobulin G
Chemical Substances	NVX-CoV2373 adjuvated lipid nanoparticle (2SCD8Q63PF) ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ad26COVS1 (JT2NS6183B) ; BNT162 Vaccine ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.056
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Article ; Online: Study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial using a novel, family-centered diet treatment to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanic children.

Welsh, J A / Pyo, E / Huneault, H / Gonzalez Ramirez, L / Alazraki, A / Alli, R / Dunbar, S B / Khanna, G / Knight-Scott, Jack / Pimentel, A / Reed, B / Rodney-Somersall, C / Santoro, N / Umpierrez, G / Vos, M B

Contemporary clinical trials

2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 107170

Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading liver disorder among U.S ...

Abstract	Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading liver disorder among U.S. children and is most prevalent among Hispanic children with obesity. Previous research has shown that reducing the consumption of free sugars (added sugars + naturally occurring sugars in fruit juice) can reverse liver steatosis in adolescents with NAFLD. This study aims to determine if a low-free sugar diet (LFSD) can prevent liver fat accumulation and NAFLD in high-risk children. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, we will enroll 140 Hispanic children aged 6 to 9 years who are ≥50th percentile BMI and without a previous diagnosis of NAFLD. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an experimental (LFSD) or a control (usual diet + educational materials) group. The one-year intervention includes removal of foods high in free sugars from the home at baseline, provision of LFSD household groceries for the entire family (weeks 1-4, 12, 24, and 36), dietitian-guided family grocery shopping sessions (weeks 12, 24, and 36), and ongoing education and motivational interviewing to promote LFSD. Both groups complete assessment measures at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary study outcomes are percent hepatic fat at 12 months and incidence of clinically significant hepatic steatosis (>5%) + elevated liver enzymes at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include metabolic markers potentially mediating or moderating NAFLD pathogenesis. Discussion: This protocol describes the rationale, eligibility criteria, recruitment strategies, analysis plan as well as a novel dietary intervention design. Study results will inform future dietary guidelines for pediatric NAFLD prevention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05292352.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Diet ; Hispanic or Latino ; Liver/pathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sugars
Chemical Substances	Sugars
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2182176-8
ISSN	1559-2030 ; 1551-7144
ISSN (online)	1559-2030
ISSN	1551-7144
DOI	10.1016/j.cct.2023.107170
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Metabolic Flexibility by Substrate Oxidation Responses and Blood Lactate in Women Expressing Varying Levels of Aerobic Fitness and Body Fat.

Waldman, Hunter S / Bryant, Andrea R / Knight, Savanna N / Killen, Lauren G / Davis, Brett A / Robinson, Marcus A / O'Neal, Eric K

Journal of strength and conditioning research

2022 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 581–588

Abstract: Abstract: Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Knight, SN, Killen, LG, Davis, BA, Robinson, MA, and O'Neal, EK ...

Abstract	Abstract: Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Knight, SN, Killen, LG, Davis, BA, Robinson, MA, and O'Neal, EK. Assessment of metabolic flexibility by substrate oxidation responses and blood lactate in women expressing varying levels of aerobic fitness and body fat. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 581-588, 2023-Collection of substrate oxidation responses during exercise is proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing metabolic flexibility in male subjects. However, because of hormonal and metabolic differences between sexes, this method may not be applicable to female subjects. This study assessed metabolic flexibility through indirect calorimetry across female subjects with different maximal oxidative capacities. Thirty-eight (18-45 years) eumenorrheic female subjects were stratified ( p < 0.05) based on V̇ o2 peak (mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) into (1) endurance-trained (ET, n = 12, 42.6 ± 5.3), (2) recreationally active (RA, n = 13, 32.3 ± 1.6), or (3) overweight female subjects (OW, n = 13, 21.0 ± 4.0). Subjects completed the same 5-stage graded exercise test with intensities of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 W. Lactate [La - ], carbohydrate (CHOox), and fat (FATox) oxidation rates were assessed during the last min of each 5-minute stage. Subjects then cycled to exhaustion to determine V̇ o2 peak. Endurance-trained and RA female subjects expressed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) higher absolute rates and rates scaled to fat-free mass of CHOox and FATox compared with OW female subjects during multiple stages. [La - ] failed to consistently differentiate the 3 groups with higher [La - ] for OW only found during stage 4; however, RER differed by 0.09 units or more at each stage for OW vs. ET. It seems that RER was more sensitive to cohort characteristics than [La - ] contrasting recent findings in male cohorts. In conclusion, indirect calorimetry is a practical and noninvasive method for assessing metabolic flexibility in eumenorrheic female subjects of varying aerobic fitness levels.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Lipid Metabolism/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Exercise Test ; Lactic Acid/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1156349-7
ISSN	1533-4287 ; 1064-8011
ISSN (online)	1533-4287
ISSN	1064-8011
DOI	10.1519/JSC.0000000000004316
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