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  1. Article: Editorial: Case reports in anxiety and stress.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1291083

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291083
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: SAPAP3, SPRED2, and obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for fundamental phenotypes.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 1095455

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1095455
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  3. Article: Examining the Relationships between the Incidence of Infectious Diseases and Mood Disorders: An Analysis of Data from the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Mood disorders are among the commonest mental disorders worldwide. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that there are close links between infectious diseases and mood disorders, but the strength and direction of these association remain ... ...

    Abstract Mood disorders are among the commonest mental disorders worldwide. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that there are close links between infectious diseases and mood disorders, but the strength and direction of these association remain largely unknown. Theoretical models have attempted to explain this link based on evolutionary or immune-related factors, but these have not been empirically verified. The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the incidence of infectious diseases and mood disorders, while correcting for climate and economic factors, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019. It was found that major depressive disorder was positively associated with lower respiratory infections, while bipolar disorder was positively associated with upper respiratory infections and negatively associated with enteric and tropical infections, both cross-sectionally and over a period of 30 years. These results suggest that a complex, bidirectional relationship exists between these disorders. This relationship may be mediated through the immune system as well as through the gut-brain and lung-brain axes. Understanding the mechanisms that link these groups of disorders could lead to advances in the prevention and treatment of both.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720869-2
    ISSN 2079-9721
    ISSN 2079-9721
    DOI 10.3390/diseases11030116
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  4. Article: Cultural values and changes in happiness in 78 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of data from the World Happiness Reports.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in psychology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1090340

    Abstract: The concept of happiness is consistent across cultures to a significant extent, and encompasses both internal (subjective) and external (situational) aspects. Cultural values and norms shape emotions and behavior from an early age, and hence play a key ... ...

    Abstract The concept of happiness is consistent across cultures to a significant extent, and encompasses both internal (subjective) and external (situational) aspects. Cultural values and norms shape emotions and behavior from an early age, and hence play a key role in influencing cross-national variations in happiness. Cross-national variations in culture can thus play a key role in influencing the relationship between adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and happiness. The current study examines the relationship between the six dimensions of culture, defined by Hofstede and his colleagues, and subjective ratings of happiness in 78 countries, obtained before (2017-19) and during (2020-21) the COVID-19 pandemic, based on data from the most recent World Happiness reports. The key results were: (a) countries were as likely to experience an increase as a decrease in self-reported happiness during this period; (b) distinct domains of culture were significantly correlated with happiness at each time point, though there was a certain degree of overlap; (c) pre-pandemic levels of happiness were negatively associated with changes in happiness during the pandemic; and (d) among cultural dimensions, long-term orientation was positively associated with changes in subjective happiness, while indulgence was negatively associated with this variable. Certain cultural values may play an important part in fostering a path to well-being in the face of stressful or traumatic circumstances. This path may be similar to the concept of mature happiness, derived from existential philosophy, which is characterized by achieving a balance between the positive and negative aspects of one's life.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The association between nation-level social and economic indices and suicide rates: A pilot study.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in sociology

    2023  Volume 8, Page(s) 1123284

    Abstract: Ever since the pioneering work of Emile Durkheim, it has been known that regional or national suicide rates can be influenced by a variety of social and economic factors. Recent research has found a robust association between two country-level economic ... ...

    Abstract Ever since the pioneering work of Emile Durkheim, it has been known that regional or national suicide rates can be influenced by a variety of social and economic factors. Recent research has found a robust association between two country-level economic indices-gross national product and unemployment rate-and suicide rates, particularly in men. However, the association between other country-level social indices-such as measures of social integration, inequality, environmental preservation and political freedom-and suicide rates has not been studied at the cross-national level. In the current study, national suicide rates for men and women were examined in relation to seven indices measuring subjective wellbeing, sustainable development, type of political regime, economic and gender inequality, and social capital. It was found that the Happy Planet Index, a composite measure of subjective wellbeing and sustainable development, was negatively associated with suicide rates independent of gender, and even after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Economic inequality was associated with suicide in men, and social capital was associated with suicide in women. Moreover, the strength and direction of the associations observed between socioeconomic indices and suicide varied across income groups. These results highlight the need for a closer evaluation of the link between large-scale ("macro") social factors and individual ("micro") psychological factors, as well as the importance of integrating these factors into suicide prevention programmes at the national level.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2297-7775
    ISSN (online) 2297-7775
    DOI 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1123284
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cultural collectivism, intimate partner violence, and women's mental health: An analysis of data from 151 countries.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in sociology

    2023  Volume 8, Page(s) 1125771

    Abstract: Culture, defined as the distinctive, learned beliefs and patterns of behavior that are particular to a given group or community, is a key determinant of mental health. The cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, which measures the extent to ... ...

    Abstract Culture, defined as the distinctive, learned beliefs and patterns of behavior that are particular to a given group or community, is a key determinant of mental health. The cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, which measures the extent to which a given society accords importance to individuals as opposed to larger groups, has been associated with cross-national variations in mental health outcomes such as depression and suicide. However, this cultural dimension is also associated with variations in the frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV), which has a significant and sustained adverse impact on women's mental health. This study examines the relationships between individualism-collectivism, the frequency of IPV, and rates of depression and suicide in women, based on data from 151 countries. In this data set, IPV was significantly associated with age-standardized rates of depression and suicide in women, even after adjusting for demographic variables. Cultural collectivism was positively correlated with IPV, but this relationship was significantly influenced by national income and women's educational attainment. In multivariate analyses, IPV, but not cultural collectivism, remained significantly associated with depression in women. These results highlight the importance of screening for and addressing IPV in women seeking mental health care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where cultural and economic factors may both increase the risk of IPV and delay or impede its reporting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2297-7775
    ISSN (online) 2297-7775
    DOI 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1125771
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The influence of cultural and religious factors on cross-national variations in the prevalence of chronic back and neck pain: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease 2019 study.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 4, Page(s) 1189432

    Abstract: Introduction: Low back pain and neck pain are among the most commonly reported forms of chronic pain worldwide, and are associated with significant distress, disability and impairment in quality of life. Though these categories of pain can be analyzed ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Low back pain and neck pain are among the most commonly reported forms of chronic pain worldwide, and are associated with significant distress, disability and impairment in quality of life. Though these categories of pain can be analyzed and treated from a biomedical perspective, there is evidence that they are both related to psychological variables such as depression and anxiety. The experience of pain can be significantly influenced by cultural values. For example, cultural beliefs and attitudes can influence the meaning attached to the experience of pain, the responses of others to a sufferer's pain, and the likelihood of seeking medical care for particular symptoms. Likewise, religious beliefs and practices can influence the both experience of pain and the responses to it. These factors have also been associated with variations in the severity of depression and anxiety.
    Methods: In the current study, data on the estimated national prevalence of both low back pain and neck pain, obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019), is analyzed in relation to cross-national variations in cultural values, as measured using Hofstede's model (
    Results: It was found that the cultural dimensions of Power Distance and Collectivism were inversely correlated with the prevalence of chronic low back pain, and Uncertainty Avoidance was inversely correlated with the prevalence of chronic neck pain, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Measures of religious affiliation and practice were negatively correlated with the prevalence of both conditions, but these associations were not significant after adjusting for cultural values and confounders.
    Discussion: These results highlight the existence of meaningful cross-cultural variations in the occurrence of common forms of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Psychological and social factors that could account for these variations are reviewed, along with their implications for the holistic management of patients with these disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2673-561X
    ISSN (online) 2673-561X
    DOI 10.3389/fpain.2023.1189432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Integrative Review.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for the development of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders, including ... ...

    Abstract Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for the development of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. Identification of biomarkers known to be associated with neurodegeneration in patients with PTSD would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these disorders and would also help in the development of preventive strategies for neurodegenerative disorders in PTSD. With this background, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies designed to identify biomarkers that could be associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in patients with PTSD. Out of a total of 342 citations retrieved, 29 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. The results of these studies suggest that biomarkers such as cerebral cortical thinning, disrupted white matter integrity, specific genetic polymorphisms, immune-inflammatory alterations, vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome, and objectively documented parasomnias are significantly associated with PTSD and may predict an increased risk of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders. The biological mechanisms underlying these changes, and the interactions between them, are also explored. Though requiring replication, these findings highlight a number of biological pathways that plausibly link PTSD with neurodegenerative disorders and suggest potentially valuable avenues for prevention and early intervention.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11051465
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Immune-inflammatory markers of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: A scoping review.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Asian journal of psychiatry

    2023  Volume 91, Page(s) 103852

    Abstract: Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, effective and non-invasive form of neuromodulatory therapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is associated with increased peripheral and brain inflammation. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, effective and non-invasive form of neuromodulatory therapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is associated with increased peripheral and brain inflammation. The current paper aims to provide an overview of research examining the relationship between immune and inflammatory markers and response to rTMS in MDD.
    Methods: A scoping review method was adopted in keeping with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Twelve relevant studies were retrieved from the PubMed and Scopus databases and rated for study quality using a modified version of the BIOCROSS tool.
    Results: Response to rTMS in MDD was associated with basal and post-treatment levels of the inflammatory markers amyloid A, antithrombin III, oxidised phosphatidylcholine, and the microRNA miR-146a-5p. Inconsistent results were observed for the cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Increased baseline levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were linked to a poorer response to rTMS.
    Discussion: These results suggest that rTMS may have effects on immune-inflammatory pathways that are distinct from those of antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy. Because of certain methodological limitations in the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Electroconvulsive Therapy/methods ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2456678-0
    ISSN 1876-2026 ; 1876-2018
    ISSN (online) 1876-2026
    ISSN 1876-2018
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103852
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries.

    Rajkumar, Ravi Philip

    Frontiers in sociology

    2022  Volume 7, Page(s) 881928

    Abstract: Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17-18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, ... ...

    Abstract Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17-18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, restrictions imposed by governments, and Internet usage may all influence the emergence of PTSD symptomatology. In this study, possible linear- and non-linear associations between these factors and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms across 35 countries were examined based on data from existing research. Evidence was found for a positive logarithmic relationship between the COVID-19 case-fatality ratio and PTSD (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2297-7775
    ISSN (online) 2297-7775
    DOI 10.3389/fsoc.2022.881928
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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