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Article ; Online: Probiotics and COVID-19: is there any link?

Akour, A

2020 Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 229–234

Abstract: Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the ... ...

Abstract	Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the immunologic response that is provoked by the infection (known as the cytokine storm). Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host'. There is scarcity of evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 and gut microbiota. So, whether or not these supplements can prevent or ameliorate COVID-19-associated symptoms is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to provide an indirect evidence about the utility of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms, through the review of its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, animal models and human trials. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The role of probiotics in alleviation of the novel COVID-19 has not been established. This review provides an insight about the anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects of probiotics in vitro, animal models and human. The latter can provide an indirect evidence and/or hypothesis-driven approach to investigate the use of probiotics as adjunctive therapy in the prophylaxis and/or alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/diet therapy ; Cytokines/blood ; Dietary Supplements ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Humans ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Rats ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/lam.13334
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Article: Probiotics and COVID-19: is there any link?

Akour, A

Lett. appl. microbiol

Abstract	Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the immunologic response that is provoked by the infection (known as the cytokine storm). Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host'. There is scarcity of evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 and gut microbiota. So, whether or not these supplements can prevent or ameliorate COVID-19-associated symptoms is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to provide an indirect evidence about the utility of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms, through the review of its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, animal models and human trials.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #526596
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Probiotics and COVID‐19

Akour, A.

Letters in Applied Microbiology

is there any link?

2020 Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 229–234

Keywords	Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/lam.13334
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Probiotics and COVID‐19: is there any link?

Akour, A

Letters in applied microbiology. 2020 Sept., v. 71, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS‐CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the ... ...

Abstract	Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS‐CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the immunologic response that is provoked by the infection (known as the cytokine storm). Probiotics are defined as ‘live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host’. There is scarcity of evidence about the relationship between COVID‐19 and gut microbiota. So, whether or not these supplements can prevent or ameliorate COVID‐19‐associated symptoms is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to provide an indirect evidence about the utility of probiotics in combating COVID‐19 or its associated symptoms, through the review of its antiviral and anti‐inflammatory properties in vitro, animal models and human trials. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The role of probiotics in alleviation of the novel COVID‐19 has not been established. This review provides an insight about the anti‐inflammatory, antiviral effects of probiotics in vitro, animal models and human. The latter can provide an indirect evidence and/or hypothesis‐driven approach to investigate the use of probiotics as adjunctive therapy in the prophylaxis and/or alleviation of COVID‐19 symptoms.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; cytokines ; disease prevention ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; probiotics ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Size	p. 229-234.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; REVIEW
ZDB-ID	632584-1
ISSN	1472-765X ; 0266-8254
ISSN (online)	1472-765X
ISSN	0266-8254
DOI	10.1111/lam.13334
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge and perception towards anabolic steroid use by gym users in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.

Izzat, N / Abu Farha, R / Alhamad, H / Akour, A

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

2023 Volume 27, Issue 18, Page(s) 8924–8933

Abstract: Objective: The dispensing of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in Jordan is still unregulated, and AAS are available without a prescription. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AAS abuse among gym users and their knowledge, perception, and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The dispensing of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in Jordan is still unregulated, and AAS are available without a prescription. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AAS abuse among gym users and their knowledge, perception, and practices towards using these AAS. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online in November-December 2022. Participants were recruited if they were adults attending any gym facility in Jordan. Results: A total of 365 adult participants agreed to participate in this study. Concerning participants' knowledge about AAS side effects, the median knowledge score of the participants was 7.0 scores (Interquartile range=7.0) out of 15. Indeed, 14.2% of the participants (n=52) reported using AAS during their gym participation. Participants reported that the most common source for obtaining AAS was the gym trainers (n=38, 70.4%), and the most common reason for using AAS was to increase lean body weight (n=52, 96.3%). Also, among the AAS users, two-thirds reported having never experienced side effects after using AAS. Finally, regression analysis revealed that males had 3.35 times higher usage of AAS than females (OR=3.351, p-value=0.008). Conclusions: The findings of this study show a comparatively high prevalence of AAS use among gymgoers. Therefore, it is critical to have policies prohibiting their usage without a prescription. There should be more awareness about the negative effects of AAS in criminal activities, and it should be included in public awareness programs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Perception ; Exercise ; Anabolic Agents/adverse effects ; Substance-Related Disorders
Chemical Substances	Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ; Anabolic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605550-3
ISSN	2284-0729 ; 1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
ISSN (online)	2284-0729
ISSN	1128-3602 ; 0392-291X
DOI	10.26355/eurrev_202309_33813
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Article ; Online: Assessment of the Correlation Between Inflammatory Status and Severity of COVID-19: Experience from Tertiary Hospital in Iraq.

Mulakhudair, Ali R / Naser, Mariam Sabah / Akour, Amal / Kh, Almurtadha Mula

Current microbiology

2023 Volume 80, Issue 9, Page(s) 283

Abstract: As COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly hit the health systems of many countries, thus, the assessment of disease severity and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers has become a necessity. These predictors can help in the diagnostics and ... ...

Abstract	As COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly hit the health systems of many countries, thus, the assessment of disease severity and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers has become a necessity. These predictors can help in the diagnostics and therapeutics of COVID_19 and future viral respiratory tract infections. This was a cross-sectional study to assess the association between inflammatory makers and chronic conditions on computed tomography (CT) severity score, and D-dimer as a surrogate marker of disease severity. The results showed that inflammatory markers, age, were positively and significantly correlated with D-dimer, but inversely with oxygen saturation (SPO2). CT score showed similar pattern with exception of C-reactive protein. Vaccines had positive impact on CT severity score and Neutrophil to lymphocyte ration. These favorable outcomes provide us with affirmation regarding WHO and other international organizations that encourage people to take vaccines and especially patients, who suffer chronic diseases. The ramifications of the results are vast and pave the pathway to manage and assess COVID-19 patients in Iraq healthcare facilities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iraq/epidemiology ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134238-1
ISSN	1432-0991 ; 0343-8651
ISSN (online)	1432-0991
ISSN	0343-8651
DOI	10.1007/s00284-023-03407-9
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Article ; Online: The relationship between peer bullying and PTSS in refugee schoolchildren.

Damra, Jalal K / Akour, Mutasem Mohammad / Ghbari, Thaer A

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

2022

Abstract: Objective: This study explored the relationship between Peer bullying (PB) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology (PTSS) in a sample of refugee Syrian schoolchildren in Jordanian schools.: Method: The study sample was composed of 116 Syrian refugees ...

Abstract	Objective: This study explored the relationship between Peer bullying (PB) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology (PTSS) in a sample of refugee Syrian schoolchildren in Jordanian schools. Method: The study sample was composed of 116 Syrian refugees (female = 62, 53.4% male = 54, 46.6%) ages 9-18 years with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD 1.18) who had been in Jordan for at least 3 years and were studying in five public schools (three for females and two for males) located in Irbid and Mafraq governorates in the northern area of Jordan between the June 14, 2018 and the March 20, 2019. Results: The results indicated that 116 children out of 180 (64.4%) suffer from high levels of PB (physical Conclusions: This study may provide a deeper understanding of the need to develop more thorough, institutionalized as well individualized, interventions to reduce PB against schoolchildren from a refugee background in schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2497028-1
ISSN	1942-969X ; 1942-9681
ISSN (online)	1942-969X
ISSN	1942-9681
DOI	10.1037/tra0001321
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Information sources, attitudes, and practices of Self-Medication by Jordanian patients: A cross-sectional study.

Al-Qerem, Walid / Bargooth, Afnan / Jarab, Anan / Akour, Amal / Abu Heshmeh, Shrouq

Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

2023 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 482–491

Abstract: Background and objective: Self-medication (SM) has significantly increased worldwide in the past decades, which may have detrimental health consequences including antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction, and dependency. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Self-medication (SM) has significantly increased worldwide in the past decades, which may have detrimental health consequences including antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction, and dependency. Although several studies have evaluated the extent of SM, such studies are still limited in Jordan. The aim of this study was to explore sources of SM information, attitudes toward SM and the practice of SM and its associated factors. Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study was collected between February and July 2022. A validated questionnaire was distributed to patients attending pharmacies from different locations in Jordan. The survey evaluated sources of information and attitudes toward SM, extent of SM practice, and attitudes towards SM, symptoms that the participants treat with SM and those that usually requires medical doctor consolation, followed by questions about the classes of medications mostly used for SM and the reasons for SM. Results and discussion: The study enrolled 695 Jordanian adults. The most reported indications for SM included headache (86.9 %), flu (76.4 %), and fever (69.6 %). The most common causes for SM included previous knowledge about the diseases and its treatments (84.2 %), and full knowledge of the medicine to be purchased (55.2 %). Results of the ordinal regression showed that physician counseling frequency was positively and significantly associated with "not being on chronic medication" (p-value = 0.001), and having a positive SM attitude level (p-value = 0.019), while negatively correlated with being in medical field (p-value < 0.001), having no children (p-value = 0.009), and relaying on non-scientific sources to obtain information for SM (p-value = 0.014). The frequency of SM practice was positively associated with being in medical field (p-value < 0.001, having no insurance (p-value < 0.001), and relaying on nonscientific sources (p-value = 0.017). Lastly, having a positive SM attitude level (p-value < 0.001) and not being on chronic medications (p-value = 0.007) were associated with decreased SM practice. Conclusion: The study participants demonstrated increased SM practice due to the wrong perceptions toward SM and the reliance on non-scientific source of information about SM practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378024-4
ISSN	1319-0164
ISSN	1319-0164
DOI	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.015
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Article: A swaying between successive pandemic waves and pandemic fatigue: Where does Jordan stand?

Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B / Tarhini, Zeinab / Akour, Amal

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2021 Volume 65, Page(s) 102298

Abstract: This article highlights the main aspects of Jordan's public health response in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it briefly describes the main characteristics of the pandemic waves. Although Jordan has successfully implemented various stringent ... ...

Abstract	This article highlights the main aspects of Jordan's public health response in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it briefly describes the main characteristics of the pandemic waves. Although Jordan has successfully implemented various stringent control measures at the early stage of the pandemic which resulted in a slow pace of COVID-19 spread in the country, the dramatic and sudden surge in COVID-19 cases and deaths since September 2020 raises many concerns and questionable debates regarding the effectiveness of Jordan's COVID-19 mitigation strategies, the earlier epidemiological surveillance process, decision-making and decisions' execution at various sectors, as well as the degree of commitment to precautionary measures among the general population. Jordan has passed through three distinct pandemic stages so far, and each stage provides lessons that can be used to improve the national preparedness and response plan in the future. This pandemic has afflicted most life domains; thus, sharing the responsibility and efforts between the government and people in combating it, is expected to be more efficient and effective than a one-sided response. Pandemic fatigue can act as a major risk factor for losing such a battle. The people of Jordan have been already through an unforgettable 2020 year that impacted them physically, emotionally, and even financially. Therefore, reliable actions should be considered by the decision-makers to provide sufficient support for the society. Also, strengthening the government-public partnership is a cornerstone for a successful, solid, and effective public health response, especially in times of an exhaustive pandemic crisis like the COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102298
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Article ; Online: Repurposing SGLT2 Inhibitors for Neurological Disorders: A Focus on the Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Nakhal, Mohammed Moutaz / Aburuz, Salahdein / Sadek, Bassem / Akour, Amal

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 21

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantially increasing incidence rate. It is characterized by repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, deficits in social communication, and interactions. Numerous medications, ... ...

Abstract	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantially increasing incidence rate. It is characterized by repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, deficits in social communication, and interactions. Numerous medications, dietary supplements, and behavioral treatments have been recommended for the management of this condition, however, there is no cure yet. Recent studies have examined the therapeutic potential of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in neurodevelopmental diseases, based on their proved anti-inflammatory effects, such as downregulating the expression of several proteins, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). Furthermore, numerous previous studies revealed the potential of the SGLT2 inhibitors to provide antioxidant effects, due to their ability to reduce the generation of free radicals and upregulating the antioxidant systems, such as glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB). These properties have led to significant improvements in the neurologic outcomes of multiple experimental disease models, including cerebral oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and epilepsy. Such diseases have mutual biomarkers with ASD, which potentially could be a link to fill the gap of the literature studying the potential of repurposing the SGLT2 inhibitors' use in ameliorating the symptoms of ASD. This review will look at the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodevelopmental disorders on the various models, including humans, rats, and mice, with a focus on the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin. Furthermore, this review will discuss how SGLT2 inhibitors regulate the ASD biomarkers, based on the clinical evidence supporting their functions as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Rats ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Biomarkers ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Hypoglycemic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27217174
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