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  1. Article ; Online: Machine Learning and Health Care: Potential Benefits and Issues.

    Atkinson, J Graham / Atkinson, Elizabeth G

    The Journal of ambulatory care management

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 114–120

    Abstract: We discuss the potential for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve health care, while detailing caveats and important considerations to ensure unbiased and equitable implementation. If disparities exist in the data used to ... ...

    Abstract We discuss the potential for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve health care, while detailing caveats and important considerations to ensure unbiased and equitable implementation. If disparities exist in the data used to train ML algorithms, they must be recognized and accounted for, so they do not bias performance accuracy or are not interpreted by the algorithm as simply a lack of need. We pay particular attention to an area in which bias in data composition is particularly striking, that is in large-scale genetics databases, as people of European descent are vastly overrepresented in the existing resources.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Algorithms ; Delivery of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 198845-1
    ISSN 1550-3267 ; 0148-9917
    ISSN (online) 1550-3267
    ISSN 0148-9917
    DOI 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000453
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  2. Article ; Online: Problems with the analysis in "Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, and Combination in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19".

    Atkinson, J Graham

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2020  Volume 99, Page(s) 37

    MeSH term(s) Azithromycin/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral
    Chemical Substances Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH) ; Azithromycin (83905-01-5)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.057
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  3. Article ; Online: Improving Quality Measurement: Design Principles for Quality Measures.

    Atkinson, J Graham

    The Journal of ambulatory care management

    2019  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 100–105

    Abstract: The use of quality measures to adjust health care payments and to rank providers is growing rapidly, but there are many problems with the quality measures that are currently being used. This article discusses some of these problems and then lays out some ...

    Abstract The use of quality measures to adjust health care payments and to rank providers is growing rapidly, but there are many problems with the quality measures that are currently being used. This article discusses some of these problems and then lays out some principles and procedures that should be used in the development and combination of quality measures. Many of the problems with existing quality measures would have been avoided had these principles been applied as they were developed.
    MeSH term(s) Hospitals ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement ; Quality Improvement ; Quality Indicators, Health Care/economics ; Risk Adjustment/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 198845-1
    ISSN 1550-3267 ; 0148-9917
    ISSN (online) 1550-3267
    ISSN 0148-9917
    DOI 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000321
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  5. Article ; Online: Problems with the analysis in “Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, and Combination in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19”

    J. Graham Atkinson

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 99, Iss , Pp 37- (2020)

    2020  

    Keywords Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Problems with the analysis in “Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, and Combination in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19”

    Atkinson, J. Graham

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases

    2020  Volume 99, Page(s) 37

    Keywords Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.057
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  7. Article ; Online: The Test-retest Reliability of Pain Outcome Measures in People with Phantom Limb Pain.

    Graham, Andrew N / Ryan, Cormac G / MacSween, Alasdair / Atkinson, Greg / Smith, Sally / Martin, Denis J

    The Clinical journal of pain

    2024  

    Abstract: Objectives: To quantify the test-retest reliability of three patient-reported outcome measures of pain for people living with phantom limb pain (PLP) and assess impact of test-retest errors on future research and clinical decisions.: Methods: Thirty- ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To quantify the test-retest reliability of three patient-reported outcome measures of pain for people living with phantom limb pain (PLP) and assess impact of test-retest errors on future research and clinical decisions.
    Methods: Thirty-nine participants (30 males), mean (SD) age: 55 (16), mean (SD) years post amputation: 6.8 (8.3), reported their PLP levels on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the revised Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), and a pain diary, on two occasions 7-14 days apart. Mean systematic change, within-subjects SD, limits of agreement (LOA), coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were quantified alongside their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
    Results: Systematic learning effects (mean changes) were not clinically relevant across the VAS, SF-MPQ-2 and pain diary. Within-subjects SDs (95%CI) were 11.8 (9.6-15.3), 0.9 (0.7-1.2), and 8.6 (6.9-11.5), respectively. LOA (95%CI) were 32.6 (26.5-42.4), 2.5 (2-3.3), and 23.9 (19.2-31.8), respectively. ICCs (95%CI) were 0.8 (0.6-0.9), 0.8 (0.7-0.9), and 0.9 (0.8-0.9), respectively, but may have been inflated by sample heterogeneity. The test-retest errors allowed detection of clinically relevant effect sizes with feasible sample sizes in future studies, but individual errors were large.
    Discussion: For people with PLP, a pain intensity VAS, the SF-MPQ-2, and a pain diary show an acceptable level of inter-session reliability for use in future clinical trials with feasible sample sizes. Nevertheless, the random error observed for all three of the pain outcome measures suggests they should be interpreted with caution in case studies and when monitoring individuals' clinical status and progress.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632582-8
    ISSN 1536-5409 ; 0749-8047
    ISSN (online) 1536-5409
    ISSN 0749-8047
    DOI 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001219
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  8. Article ; Online: Novel integrated computational AMP discovery approaches highlight diversity in the helminth AMP repertoire.

    Irvine, Allister / McKenzie, Darrin / McCoy, Ciaran J / Graham, Robert L J / Graham, Ciaren / Huws, Sharon A / Atkinson, Louise E / Mousley, Angela

    PLoS pathogens

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) e1011508

    Abstract: Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are immune effectors that are key components of the invertebrate innate immune system providing protection against pathogenic microbes. Parasitic helminths (phylum Nematoda and phylum Platyhelminthes) share complex ... ...

    Abstract Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are immune effectors that are key components of the invertebrate innate immune system providing protection against pathogenic microbes. Parasitic helminths (phylum Nematoda and phylum Platyhelminthes) share complex interactions with their hosts and closely associated microbiota that are likely regulated by a diverse portfolio of antimicrobial immune effectors including AMPs. Knowledge of helminth AMPs has largely been derived from nematodes, whereas the flatworm AMP repertoire has not been described. This study highlights limitations in the homology-based approaches, used to identify putative nematode AMPs, for the characterisation of flatworm AMPs, and reveals that innovative algorithmic AMP prediction approaches provide an alternative strategy for novel helminth AMP discovery. The data presented here: (i) reveal that flatworms do not encode traditional lophotrochozoan AMP groups (Big Defensin, CSαβ peptides and Myticalin); (ii) describe a unique integrated computational pipeline for the discovery of novel helminth AMPs; (iii) reveal >16,000 putative AMP-like peptides across 127 helminth species; (iv) highlight that cysteine-rich peptides dominate helminth AMP-like peptide profiles; (v) uncover eight novel helminth AMP-like peptides with diverse antibacterial activities, and (vi) demonstrate the detection of AMP-like peptides from Ascaris suum biofluid. These data represent a significant advance in our understanding of the putative helminth AMP repertoire and underscore a potential untapped source of antimicrobial diversity which may provide opportunities for the discovery of novel antimicrobials. Further, unravelling the role of endogenous worm-derived antimicrobials and their potential to influence host-worm-microbiome interactions may be exploited for the development of unique helminth control approaches.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Nematoda ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011508
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  9. Article ; Online: Detecting accelerated long-term forgetting: A problem and some solutions.

    Baddeley, Alan D / Atkinson, Amy L / Hitch, Graham J / Allen, Richard J

    Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

    2021  Volume 142, Page(s) 237–251

    Abstract: While many memory disorders occur with normal rates of forgetting, an accelerated rate of long-term forgetting (ALF) may occur, sometimes in the absence of a learning deficit. Detecting ALF presents a problem as it is desirable that the learned material ... ...

    Abstract While many memory disorders occur with normal rates of forgetting, an accelerated rate of long-term forgetting (ALF) may occur, sometimes in the absence of a learning deficit. Detecting ALF presents a problem as it is desirable that the learned material is re-tested after each of several delays. This may result in earlier retrievals confounding later tests, with evidence suggesting that both positive and negative interaction can occur between successive tests. An earlier study (Baddeley et al., 2019) tested cued recall of a series of four crimes or four visual scenes by probing a different sample of features from all four crimes/scenes at each delay. Even though no question was asked twice, the interpolated tests markedly reduced the rate of forgetting. We suggest that this decelerated forgetting effect may result from the retrieval of probed features activating other associated features within that episode, hence facilitating their recall on subsequent tests. If so, the effect should be removed when only single and separate episodes, or individual items, are tested at each delay. We test this by probing a separate episode at each delay (Experiment 1), or by replacing integrated episodes with recognition memory for isolated words (Experiments 2 and 3) or visual scenes (Experiments 4 and 5). As predicted, we find no reduction in the rate of forgetting, in contrast to our earlier studies. The theoretical and clinical implications of our results are discussed. We conclude that the previously developed Crimes and Four Doors Tests (Baddeley et al., 2019) and the present single item recognition tests are complementary and are both likely to be necessary to ensure the reliable detection of ALF.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280622-8
    ISSN 1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
    ISSN (online) 1973-8102
    ISSN 0010-9452
    DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.038
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  10. Article ; Online: Flaws in the Medicare readmission penalty.

    Atkinson, J Graham

    The New England journal of medicine

    2012  Volume 367, Issue 21, Page(s) 2056–2057

    MeSH term(s) Health Policy ; Humans ; Medicare ; Patient Readmission ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMc1212281
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