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  1. Article ; Online: “Nephrology”

    Garabed Eknoyan

    Turkish Journal of Nephrology, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 4-

    An Inquiry of How It All Began and Evolved into a Discipline

    2023  Volume 7

    Keywords Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AVES
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Interstitial Nephritis: Wherefrom, Wherein, and Whereto.

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation

    2023  Volume 21, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 42–45

    Abstract: Abnormalities of the renal interstitium were noted early while identifying chronic kidney disease in 1827; however, interest in glomerular and vascular lesions was then distracted from their further study. As a complication of scarlet fever, interstitial ...

    Abstract Abnormalities of the renal interstitium were noted early while identifying chronic kidney disease in 1827; however, interest in glomerular and vascular lesions was then distracted from their further study. As a complication of scarlet fever, interstitial lesions attracted attention in 1859 and came to be defined as acute interstitial nephritis in 1898. The chronic form of interstitial nephritis was traditionally attributed to pyelonephritis until the advent of kidney biopsy in the 1950s, when interstitial lesions were recognized as an independent primary cause of chronic kidney disease from studies of analgesic nephropathy and vesico-ureteral reflux. The term tubulointerstitial nephritis was introduced in 1963 and promoted to denote the role of the tubules in the pathogenesis and the clinical presentation of interstitial nephritis as tubular dysfunction. Studies since then have established that fibrotic tubulointerstitial nephritis lesions correlate best with the severity and progression of kidney diseases independent of their etiology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nephritis, Interstitial/diagnosis ; Nephritis, Interstitial/etiology ; Nephritis, Interstitial/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-26
    Publishing country Turkey
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2396778-X
    ISSN 2146-8427 ; 1304-0855
    ISSN (online) 2146-8427
    ISSN 1304-0855
    DOI 10.6002/ect.IAHNCongress.10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Conference proceedings: Special issue on history of nephrology

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    [seventh IAHN congress ... held in Torun on June 17 - 19, 2010]

    (Journal of nephrology : Supplemento ; S17)

    2011  

    Title variant History of nephrology
    Institution International Association for the History of Nephrology
    Author's details guest ed. Garabed Eknoyan
    Series title Journal of nephrology : Supplemento ; S17
    Journal of nephrology
    Journal of nephrology ; Supplemento
    Collection Journal of nephrology
    Journal of nephrology ; Supplemento
    Language English
    Size S139 S. : Ill.
    Publisher Wichtig
    Publishing place Milano
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    HBZ-ID HT016883711
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  4. Article ; Online: Acid-base homeostasis: a historical inquiry of its origins and conceptual evolution.

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 10, Page(s) 1816–1823

    Abstract: To a great extent, the conceptual evolution of acid-base homeostasis has been shaped by progress in chemistry. It began with the theoretical consideration of matter by the natural philosophers of antiquity, progressed into an observational craft as ... ...

    Abstract To a great extent, the conceptual evolution of acid-base homeostasis has been shaped by progress in chemistry. It began with the theoretical consideration of matter by the natural philosophers of antiquity, progressed into an observational craft as chymistry during the Scientific Revolution, evolved into analytical chemistry in the Enlightenment when acid-alkali interactions began to be deciphered, then was clearly exposed in the organic chemistry of the 19th century and ultimately formulated in mathematical precision as the chemical equations of physical chemistry in the 20th century. Two principal transformational changes shaped their clinical application. The first, launched by the Chemical Revolution of Antoine Lavoisier, introduced quantitation, clarified the language and added experimental rigor to chemical studies, which Claude Bernard then introduced into physiology, formulated the concept of regulatory homeostasis, refined experimental medicine and explored the role of the kidney in acid-base balance. The second transformational change in their gradual clinical applicability began in electrochemical studies that revived the atomic composition of matter and introduced the notion of ions and electrolytes that were fundamental in formulating the concept of acid-base ionization by Svante Arrhenius in 1884 and their measurement from hydrogen ion concentration as pH by Søren Sørensen in 1909. Subsequent studies of Lawrence J. Henderson and Donald D. van Slyke introduced these laboratory-based conceptual advances to the bedside in the 20th century. Clinical studies of acidosis and alkalosis that followed over the past few decades have facilitated and refined the clinical recognition, interpretation and treatment of acid-base disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acid-Base Imbalance ; Acidosis ; Alkalies ; Alkalosis ; Electrolytes ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
    Chemical Substances Alkalies ; Electrolytes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 90594-x
    ISSN 1460-2385 ; 0931-0509
    ISSN (online) 1460-2385
    ISSN 0931-0509
    DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfac014
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  5. Article ; Online: Transplant nephropathology: Wherefrom, wherein, and whereto.

    Solez, Kim / Eknoyan, Garabed

    Clinical transplantation

    2024  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) e15309

    Abstract: Renal pathology is a relatively recent entry in nephrology. While diseases of the kidney are old, their study began in the 19th century with the report of Richard Bright of the lesions of end-stage kidney disease. Its easy diagnosis from albuminuria soon ...

    Abstract Renal pathology is a relatively recent entry in nephrology. While diseases of the kidney are old, their study began in the 19th century with the report of Richard Bright of the lesions of end-stage kidney disease. Its easy diagnosis from albuminuria soon elevated Bright's nephritis into a leading cause of death. The transformative events in the care of these cases were renal replacement therapy that converted a fatal into a chronic disease, and kidney biopsy that allowed study of the course and pathogenesis of kidney disease. Apart from its fundamental contributions to clinical nephrology, biopsy of renal allografts became an integral component of the evaluation and care of kidney transplant recipients. The Banff transplant pathology conferences launched in 1991 led to developing the classification of allograft pathology into an essential element in the evaluation, treatment, and care of allograft recipients with spirit of discovery. That success came at the cost of increasing complexity leading to the recent realization that it may need the refinement of its consensus-based system into a more evidence-based system with graded statements that are easily accessible to the other disciplines involved in the care of transplanted patients. Collaboration with other medical disciplines, allowing public comment on meeting reports, and incorporation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) are important elements of a successful future. The increased pace of innovation brought about by AI will likely allow us to solve the organ shortage soon and require new classifications for xenotransplantation pathology, tissue engineering pathology, and bioartificial organ pathology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Transplants ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Kidney
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639001-8
    ISSN 1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
    ISSN (online) 1399-0012
    ISSN 0902-0063
    DOI 10.1111/ctr.15309
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  6. Article ; Online: On the origins of experimental renal physiology.

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 392–395

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 90594-x
    ISSN 1460-2385 ; 0931-0509
    ISSN (online) 1460-2385
    ISSN 0931-0509
    DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfaa238
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  7. Article ; Online: On the Etymology of Nephritis: A Historical Appraisal of its Origins.

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 1170–1173

    MeSH term(s) History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/classification ; Nephritis/classification ; Nephritis/history ; Terminology as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1085942-1
    ISSN 1533-3450 ; 1046-6673
    ISSN (online) 1533-3450
    ISSN 1046-6673
    DOI 10.1681/ASN.2019050510
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  8. Book: The role of L-carnitine therapy in patients on hemodialysis

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    (American journal of kidney diseases ; 41,4, Suppl. 4)

    2003  

    Author's details guest ed.: Garabed Eknoyan
    Series title American journal of kidney diseases ; 41,4, Suppl. 4
    Collection
    Language English
    Size S48 S. : graph. Darst.
    Publisher Saunders
    Publishing place Philadelphia, Pa
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT013647577
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  9. Article ; Online: On the contributions of Fernand Widal to the classification of chronic kidney disease.

    Eknoyan, Garabed

    Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia

    2018  Volume 35, Issue Suppl 70, Page(s) 18–22

    MeSH term(s) France ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/classification ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-23
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait
    ZDB-ID 1237110-5
    ISSN 1724-5990 ; 0393-5590
    ISSN (online) 1724-5990
    ISSN 0393-5590
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  10. Article: Renal osteodystrophy: A historical review of its origins and conceptual evolution.

    Eknoyan, Garabed / Moe, Sharon M

    Bone reports

    2022  Volume 17, Page(s) 101641

    Abstract: Long considered an inert supporting framework, bone studies went neglected until the 17th century when they began as descriptive microscopic studies of structure which over time progressed into that of chemistry and physiology. It was in the mid-19th ... ...

    Abstract Long considered an inert supporting framework, bone studies went neglected until the 17th century when they began as descriptive microscopic studies of structure which over time progressed into that of chemistry and physiology. It was in the mid-19th century that studies evolved into an inquisitive discipline which matured into the experimental investigation of bone in health and disease in the 20th century, and ultimately that of molecular studies now deciphering the genetic language of bone biology. These fundamental studies were catalyzed by increasing clinical interest in bone disease. The first bone disease to be identified was rickets in 1645. Its subsequent connection to albuminuric patients reported in 1883 later became renal osteodystrophy in 1942, launching studies that elucidated the functions of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and their role in the altered calcium and phosphate metabolism of the disease. Studies in osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy have driven most recent progress benefitting from technological advances in imaging and the precision of evaluating bone turnover, mineralization, and volume. This review exposes the progress of bone biology from a passive support structure to a dynamically regulated organ with vital homeostatic functions whose understanding has undergone more revisions and paradigm shifts than that of any other organ.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2821774-3
    ISSN 2352-1872
    ISSN 2352-1872
    DOI 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101641
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