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Article ; Online: Trends in ophthalmology applicants going unmatched in the Canadian Resident Matching Service.

Bondok, Mostafa / Bondok, Mohamed S / Law, Christine / Nathoo, Nawaaz / Damji, Karim F

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–67

Abstract: Background: Applicants to ophthalmology have high rates of going unmatched during the CaRMS process, but how this compares to other competitive or surgical specialties remains unclear. Our research aims to examine this phenomenon by identifying trends ... ...

Abstract	Background: Applicants to ophthalmology have high rates of going unmatched during the CaRMS process, but how this compares to other competitive or surgical specialties remains unclear. Our research aims to examine this phenomenon by identifying trends and comparing match data with other specialties, to identify disparities that may inform the need for future interventions to improve the match process for applicants. Methods: We used a cross-sectional analysis of data provided by CaRMS on the residency match from 2013 to 2022. Results: We obtained data from 608 ophthalmology, 5,153 surgery, and 3,092 top five (most competitive) specialty first choice applicants from 2013-2022. Ophthalmology applicants were more likely to go unmatched (18.9% [120/608]) than applicants to the top five (11.9% [371/3,092]) and surgical (13.5% [702/5,153]) specialties (p<0.001) and were twice as likely to rank no alternate disciplines (31.8%, Conclusion: Compared to other competitive specialties, first choice ophthalmology applicants were more likely to go unmatched, rank no alternate disciplines, and choose not to participate in the second iteration. Ophthalmology applicant behaviours should be further studied to help explain these study findings.
MeSH term(s)	Ophthalmology/education ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Canada ; Career Choice ; Internship and Residency
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2689512-2
ISSN	1923-1202 ; 1923-1202
ISSN (online)	1923-1202
ISSN	1923-1202
DOI	10.36834/cmej.77287
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of ocular emergencies in a large Canadian eye centre.

Binczyk, Natalia M / Nazarali, Samir A / Damji, Karim F / Solarte, Carlos

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

2023

Abstract: Objective: The Eye Institute of Alberta Emergency Eye Clinic (EIA EEC) is a tertiary eye care centre that provides emergency eye services to a population of more than 1 million. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ocular ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Eye Institute of Alberta Emergency Eye Clinic (EIA EEC) is a tertiary eye care centre that provides emergency eye services to a population of more than 1 million. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ocular emergencies at the EIA EEC. Design: Prospective epidemiologic study based on secondary use of patient data. Participants: All patients seen in the EIA EEC on weekdays between July 2020 and June 2021. Methods: Charts were reviewed to obtain patient demographics, referral details, final diagnoses, need for imaging, emergency procedures, or further referrals. SPSS Statistics was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 2586 patients were seen over the study period. Most of the referrals (58%) were from emergency physicians. Optometrists and general physicians contributed 14% and 11% of referrals, respectively. Most referral diagnoses were related to inflammation (32%), and trauma (22%). Of all the cases of inflammation, 41% involved infection of the eye and 8% involved infection of ocular adnexa. In addition, 44% and 7% of cases involved noninfectious inflammation of the eye and adnexa, respectively. Frequently preformed emergency procedures were corneal or conjunctival foreign-body removal (39%) and corneal scraping (14%). Conclusions: Continuing education related to emergency eye care may be most beneficial to emergency physicians, general practitioners, and optometrists. Educational opportunities could focus on most frequently seen diagnostic categories such as inflammation and trauma. Targeted public education aimed at preventing ocular trauma and infection, such as promoting wearing eye protection and practicing contact lens hygiene, may be beneficial.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80091-0
ISSN	1715-3360 ; 0008-4182
ISSN (online)	1715-3360
ISSN	0008-4182
DOI	10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.05.008
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Article ; Online: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on elective cataract surgery wait times.

Toghi Eshghi, Saeed Reza / Cheema, Marvi / Damji, Karim F

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

2022 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–6

Abstract: Objective: Lengthy wait times for cataract surgery can negatively affect patients' quality of life and increase the incidence of falls and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to the delivery of elective cataract ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Lengthy wait times for cataract surgery can negatively affect patients' quality of life and increase the incidence of falls and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to the delivery of elective cataract surgeries. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cataract surgery wait times in the Alberta Health Services' Edmonton zone were studied by examining the wait times before and during the pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted based on a retrospective population-based design. Data were compiled from a centralized database related to hospital-based cataract surgery (Royal Alexandra, Fort Saskatchewan, and WestView Health Centre) between April 2019 and March 2022 (i.e., 3 fiscal years). Results: The average wait time for cataract surgery increased from 14.4 ± 1.4 weeks in 2019-2020 to 18.2 ± 2.7 weeks in 2020-2021 (p = 0.005) and then decreased to 11.5 ± 1.3 in 2021-2022 (p < 0.001). The number of completed surgeries decreased from 13,103 in 2019-200 to 9,308 (p = 0.09) and 10,365 (p = 0.1) during the next 2 years. The annual operating room time for scheduled cases was reduced to 4463 hours (p = 0.42) and 4552 hours (p = 0.15) during the pandemic compared with 5541 hours before the pandemic. However, the average waitlist size decreased from 6629 at the end of 2019-200 to 6122 (p = 0.029) and 4011 (p < 0.001) during the next 2 years. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significantly increased average wait times for elective cataract surgery during the first year of the pandemic. Because of a reduction of the waitlist size, the wait times decreased during the second year of the pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Waiting Lists ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cataract/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80091-0
ISSN	1715-3360 ; 0008-4182
ISSN (online)	1715-3360
ISSN	0008-4182
DOI	10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.09.001
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Article ; Online: Profile of glaucoma surgical and laser procedures in Alberta from 2003 to 2018.

Ma, Jingyi / Ford, Bryce A / Damji, Karim F

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

2021 Volume 56, Issue 6, Page(s) 391–393

MeSH term(s)	Alberta/epidemiology ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80091-0
ISSN	1715-3360 ; 0008-4182
ISSN (online)	1715-3360
ISSN	0008-4182
DOI	10.1016/j.jcjo.2021.01.007
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Article ; Online: New open source 3-dimensional printed smartphone fundus imaging adaptor.

Hu, Albert / Damji, Karim F

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

2019 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 399–400

MeSH term(s)	Equipment Design ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Ophthalmoscopy/methods ; Printing, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Smartphone
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80091-0
ISSN	1715-3360 ; 0008-4182
ISSN (online)	1715-3360
ISSN	0008-4182
DOI	10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.10.017
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: The potential of stem cell therapy to tackle visual impairment.

Hassan, Murtuza / Rajput, Sheerien Kareem / Salma, Jahan / Kirmani, Salman / F Damji, Karim

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73Suppl 1, Issue 2, Page(s) S79–S88

Abstract: Visual impairment adversely impacts quality of life and affects more than 295 million individuals globally. Currently, there is no cure or tissue regenerative approaches in clinical practice for vision loss caused by corneal disease, glaucoma, cataracts, ...

Abstract	Visual impairment adversely impacts quality of life and affects more than 295 million individuals globally. Currently, there is no cure or tissue regenerative approaches in clinical practice for vision loss caused by corneal disease, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and inherited retinal disease. Stem cells-based therapeutic approaches to diseases causing moderate to severe visual impairment have shown encouraging outcomes in animal models and in vitro studies. The goal of this narrative review is to describe and evaluate the potential of stem cell-based treatment, and their advantages and safety concerns in treating conditions causing vision loss.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Quality of Life ; Vision Disorders/etiology ; Vision Disorders/therapy ; Cataract/complications ; Glaucoma/therapy ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-13
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Article ; Online: A qualitative description of barriers to visual rehabilitation experienced by stroke survivors with visual impairment in Alberta, Canada.

Manhas, Kiran Pohar / Brehon, Katelyn / Jiang, Jennis / Damji, Karim F / Costello, Fiona

BMC health services research

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

Abstract: Background: Post-stroke visual impairment (VI) is a common but under-recognized care challenge. Common manifestations of post-stroke VI include: diplopia, homonymous hemianopia, oscillopsia secondary to nystagmus, and visual inattention or neglect. In ... ...

Abstract	Background: Post-stroke visual impairment (VI) is a common but under-recognized care challenge. Common manifestations of post-stroke VI include: diplopia, homonymous hemianopia, oscillopsia secondary to nystagmus, and visual inattention or neglect. In acute care settings, post-stroke VI recognition and treatment are often sub-optimal as emphasis is placed on survival. Stroke survivors with VI often face inconsistencies when accessing care out of hospital because variable availability and subsidization of visual rehabilitation. We sought to identify gaps in care experienced by stroke survivors with VI from stroke survivors' and care providers' perspectives. Methods: We conducted a qualitative description study across 12 care sites in Alberta, Canada, using semi-structured interviews. Survivor interviews focused on the health system experience. Provider interviews discussed approaches to care, perceived gaps, and current resources. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Iterative content analysis was completed using NVivo 12. We promoted rigour through an audit trail, open-ended questions, thick description, and collaborative coding. Results: We completed 50 interviews: 19 survivor interviews and 31 provider interviews. The majority of survivors were male (n = 14) and recruited from community settings (n = 16). Providers varied in profession and location within the care continuum. Two key themes emerged from the provider and survivor interviews pertaining to (a) facets of visual rehabilitation (sub-themes: access, resources, and multidisciplinary professional interaction); and (b) functioning with post-stroke VI (sub-themes: early experiences post-stroke and living with VI in the real world). Conclusions: The visual rehabilitation model needs to be optimized to ensure transparent inter-disciplinary communication and efficient referral pathways. Future research will focus on evaluating the effectiveness of post-stroke care from multiple perspectives in Alberta.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Alberta ; Stroke/complications ; Survivors ; Qualitative Research ; Vision Disorders/etiology ; Stroke Rehabilitation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-023-09064-9
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Article ; Online: Gender trends in match rate to surgical specialties in Canada: A retrospective study from 2003-2022.

Bondok, Mostafa / Bondok, Mohamed S / Nguyen, Anne Xuan-Lan / Law, Christine / Nathoo, Nawaaz / Bakshi, Nupura / Ahuja, Nina / Damji, Karim F

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0300207

Abstract: Background: In Canada, there is a recognized underrepresentation of women in the field of surgery. However, the extent to which this trend applies across various surgical specialties is not well delineated. The aim of this study is to identify existing ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Canada, there is a recognized underrepresentation of women in the field of surgery. However, the extent to which this trend applies across various surgical specialties is not well delineated. The aim of this study is to identify existing disparities and trends over time to inform the need for future interventions to make the match process more equitable for applicants. Methods: Data regarding surgical specialty applicants was extracted from the Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS)'s 2003 to 2022 reports. Results: A total of 9,488 applicants ranked surgical specialties as their first choice from 2003-2022. Increases in the proportion of women applicants comparing periods 2003-2007 to 2018-2022 were significant for cardiac surgery (22% to 43%, p = 0.03), general surgery (46% to 60%, p<0.001), orthopedic surgery (23% to 35%, p<0.001), urology (23% to 38%, p<0.001), and all aggregated surgical specialties ('all surgery') (45% to 55%, p<0.001). An increase in the proportion of women applicants who matched over the same periods was observed for general surgery (+47% to 60%, p<0.001), orthopedic surgery (24% to 35%, p<0.01), urology (21% to 34%, p<0.001), and all surgery (46% to 54%, p<0.001). From 2003-2022, a lower match rate for women compared to men was observed for otolaryngology (0.60 v 0.69, p = 0.008), urology (0.61 v 0.72, p = 0.003), and all surgery (0.71 v 0.73, p = 0.038), while higher match rates were observed for ophthalmology (0.65 v 0.58, p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences in match rate were observed from 2018-2022. Conclusions: While the proportion of women applicants to surgical specialties in Canada has been increasing, women remain underrepresented in several surgical specialties. This underrepresentation cannot be solely attributed to fewer women applying to these specialties, as women experience lower success rates when matching to specific surgical specialties. Further research is essential to identify and address the underlying causes of these disparities.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Internship and Residency ; Retrospective Studies ; Canada ; Career Choice ; Urology/education ; Specialties, Surgical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0300207
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Article ; Online: Development of a standardized Canadian undergraduate medical education ophthalmology curriculum.

Paco, Charles / Pucchio, Aidan / Nathoo, Nawaaz / Mishra, Anuradha / Damji, Karim F / Law, Christine

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie

2023 Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) e130–e134

Abstract: Objective: To create a standardized undergraduate medicine ophthalmology curriculum for Canadian medical schools.: Design: Two-stage modified Delphi technique.: Participants: Undergraduate ophthalmology leads at all the medical schools in Canada ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To create a standardized undergraduate medicine ophthalmology curriculum for Canadian medical schools. Design: Two-stage modified Delphi technique. Participants: Undergraduate ophthalmology leads at all the medical schools in Canada and 6 nonophthalmologist physicians with medical education expertise. Methods: In stage 1, a preliminary list of curricular objectives was developed using the 2018 Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology's list of curricular objectives as a foundation. Subsequently, an online survey was sent to 24 individuals (18 ophthalmology undergraduate curriculum leads and 6 non-ophthalmology medical educators) at 17 institutions to evaluate the objectives using a 5-point Likert-type scale. In stage 2, the ophthalmology curriculum leads were invited to participate in a virtual meeting during which the list of curricular objectives was discussed and finalized by consensus. Results: In stage 1, a preliminary list of 76 learning objectives organized into 10 overarching topics was developed. A total of 21 survey responses were received (87.5% response rate), allowing for the creation of a revised list. In stage 2, five participants from four schools met, achieving consensus following one round of feedback. The final undergraduate ophthalmology curriculum contained 10 topics and 75 objectives; it covered common presentations of a variety of acute and chronic eye diseases that were felt to be relevant to a wide medical audience. Conclusions: The consensus obtained on a comprehensive list of undergraduate medicine ophthalmology curricular objectives identified in this study is the first of its kind in Canada. These objectives can be used by medical schools across Canada to standardize undergraduate ophthalmology teaching.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Ophthalmology/education ; Canada ; Curriculum ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schools, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80091-0
ISSN	1715-3360 ; 0008-4182
ISSN (online)	1715-3360
ISSN	0008-4182
DOI	10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.01.005
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Article ; Online: Leadership development facilitated by the "sandwich" and related glaucoma fellowship programs.

Liu, Victoria / Whitford, Rita / Damji, Karim F

Leadership in health services (Bradford, England)

2021 Volume ahead-of-print, Issue ahead-of-print

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate leadership training in the Sandwich Glaucoma Fellowship (SGF), a program in which fellows learn skills in a developed world institution and their home country to become leaders in glaucoma care.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate leadership training in the Sandwich Glaucoma Fellowship (SGF), a program in which fellows learn skills in a developed world institution and their home country to become leaders in glaucoma care. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is a retrospective, qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Participants of the SGF between 2007 and 2019 were provided a survey eliciting demographic information, leadership training exposure, development of leadership competencies and feedback for the fellowship program. Findings: Seven of nine alumni responded. The fellowship strongly impacted leadership competencies including integrity (8.8, 95% CI 7.8-9.8), work ethic (8.64, 95% CI 7.7-9.6) and empathy (8.6, 95% CI 7.7-9.5). A total of 85% of alumni indicated positive changes in their professional status and described an increasing role in mentorship of colleagues or residents as a result of new skills. Lack of formal leadership training was noted by three respondents. Informal mentorship equipped fellows practicing in regions of Sub Saharan Africa with competencies to rise in their own leadership and mentoring roles related to enhancing glaucoma management. Suggested higher-order learning objectives and a formal curriculum can be included to optimize leadership training catered to the individual fellow experience. Originality/value: Leadership is necessary in health care and specifically in the context of low- and middle-income countries to bring about sustainable developments. The SGF contains a unique "Sandwich" design, focusing on the acquisition of medical and leadership skills. This evaluation outlines successes and challenges of this, and similar fellowship programs. Other programs can use a similar model to promote the development of skills in partnership with the fellows' home country to strengthen health-care leaders.
MeSH term(s)	Curriculum ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Glaucoma ; Global Health ; Humans ; Leadership ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2279996-5
ISSN	1751-1887 ; 1751-1879 ; 1366-0756
ISSN (online)	1751-1887
ISSN	1751-1879 ; 1366-0756
DOI	10.1108/LHS-10-2020-0085
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