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  1. Article ; Online: Validation of CHERG’S Verbal Autopsy-Social Autopsy (VASA) tool for ascertaining determinants and causes of under-five child mortality in Pakistan

    Muhammad Bilal Siddiqui / Chiu Wan Ng / Wah Yun Low / Khadijah Abid

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

    2023  Volume 12

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Validation of CHERG'S Verbal Autopsy-Social Autopsy (VASA) tool for ascertaining determinants and causes of under-five child mortality in Pakistan.

    Siddiqui, Muhammad Bilal / Ng, Chiu Wan / Low, Wah Yun / Abid, Khadijah

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0278149

    Abstract: The majority (40%) of the world's under-five mortality burden is concentrated in nations like Nigeria (16.5%), India (16%), Pakistan (8%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (6%), where an undetermined number of under-five deaths go unrecorded. In ... ...

    Abstract The majority (40%) of the world's under-five mortality burden is concentrated in nations like Nigeria (16.5%), India (16%), Pakistan (8%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (6%), where an undetermined number of under-five deaths go unrecorded. In low-resource settings throughout the world, the Verbal Autopsy-Social Autopsy (VASA) technique may assist assess under-five mortality estimates, assigning medical and social causes of death, and identifying relevant determinants. Uncertainty regarding missing data in high-burden nations like Pakistan necessitates a valid and reliable VASA instrument. This is the first study to validate Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group-CHERG's VASA tool globally. In Pakistan, data from such a valid and reliable tool is vital for policy. This paper reports on the VASA tool in Karachi, Pakistan. Validity and reliability of the CHERG VASA tool were tested using face, content, discriminant validation, and reliability tests on one hundred randomly selected mothers who had recently experienced an under-five child death event. Data were computed on SPSS (version-21) and R software. Testing revealed high Item-content Validity Index (I-CVI) (>81.43%); high Cronbach's Alpha (0.843); the accuracy of between 75-100% of the discriminants classifying births to live and stillbirths; and I-CVI (>82.07% and 88.98% respectively) with high accuracy (92% and 97% respectively) for assigning biological and social causes of child deaths, respectively. The CHERG VASA questionnaire was found relevant to the conceptual framework and valid in Pakistan. This valid tool can assign accurate medical and non-medical causes of child mortality cases occurring in Pakistan.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Autopsy/methods ; Cause of Death ; Child Mortality ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stillbirth ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Child, Preschool
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0278149
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

    Amash Aqil / Muhammad Moin / Khadijah Abid / Ahsan Mehmood

    Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 2, Pp 433-

    2021  Volume 37

    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate central macular thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy versus controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate central macular thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy versus controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from Jan to Jul 2018. Methodology: A retrospective data of 100 eyes from 50 patients having with diabetic macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy was extracted from hospital registry. Additionally, 100 eyes of 50 individuals without any preexisting ocular conditions, comprising a control group was included in the study. Choroidal thickness measurements were made from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction at subfoveal level using optical coherence tomography. Central macular thickness was also measured for all the enrolled patients. Results: One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. The mean age was 56.27 ± 14.41 years. The mean Central macular thickness of all the patients were reported as 270.49 ± 72.38 μm, while the choroidal thickness was 284.89 ± 96.51 μm. There was statistically significant difference in central macular thickness between both healthy and diabetic retinopathy with diabetic macular edema groups (p=0.001), whereas insignificant difference existed between the two groups forchoroidal thickness (p=0.735). Conclusion: In patients with diabetic macular edema no significant change in choroidal thickness was observed compared with healthy controls, while the thickness of the retina was high in patients with macular edema due to diabetes.
    Keywords choroidal thickness ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic macular edema ; optical coherence tomography ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Army Medical College Rawalpindi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The Association of Blood Groups and COVID-19 Infection in Pakistani Population with Respect to Age and Gender in a Case-Control Study

    Amani Amir / Syed Tajammul Ali / Maleeha Sadaf / Khadijah Abid

    Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 129-

    2022  Volume 133

    Abstract: Background: Age may be one of the determinants that increases the probability of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, gender has been recognized as a major predictor of COVID-19 illness, with males having a larger proportion of severe COVID-19 disease than ... ...

    Abstract Background: Age may be one of the determinants that increases the probability of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, gender has been recognized as a major predictor of COVID-19 illness, with males having a larger proportion of severe COVID-19 disease than females. Some biological markers in the host have also been discovered as putative COVID-19 infection indicators. The kind of markers have recently been discovered as a major determinant for COVID-19 infection among these parameters. Objective: To detect if COVID-19 infection is associated with blood type with respect to age and gender. Methods: It was a case-control study that took place at COVID ICU of Hussain Lakhni Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from Jun 2021 to Dec 2021. Cases (n=511) were individuals ranging in age from 15 to 80 years old, of either gender, who had COVID-19 infection confirmed by a real-time PCR test. Healthy people (n=511) served as controls. Data on age, gender, weight, height, BMI, residence, educational status, socio-economic status, comorbid and ABO blood type of patients were collected. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 54.01±11.16 years, 57% were males and 43% were females. COVID-19 infection was 2.84 times higher in people with blood type A (OR=2.84, 95% CI=1.68-4.79) and 2.19 times higher in people with blood group B (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.29-3.72, p=0.003) than in people with blood group O. In age group≥50 years, the odds of COVID-19 infection were 1.88 times higher in individuals with blood type B as compared to blood group O (aOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.01-3.52). Among females, the odds of COVID-19 infection were 2.51 folds higher in individuals with blood type A as compared to blood group O (aOR=2.51, 95% CI=1.05-6.05). On the multivariable model, no association of blood group with COVID-19 was observed for subgroup of age <50 years and male gender. Conclusion: Individuals with blood group A have higher liability to acquire COVID-19 than blood group O. In older age, ...
    Keywords covid-19 ; coronavirus ; age ; gender ; blood groups ; abo blood types ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Change in mean postoperative pain in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with cold water versus usual practice: A pragmatic trial.

    Iftikhar, Haissan / Zahid, Nida / Zubair, Adan / Wasif, Mohammad / Baig, Nabeel N / Abid, Khadijah / Awan, Muhammad Ozair / Awan, Muhammad Sohail

    World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–28

    Abstract: Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in otolaryngology. There are various methods to perform tonsillectomies (cold and hot). Thermal damage and inflammation of the surrounding tissue using monopolar cautery is said ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in otolaryngology. There are various methods to perform tonsillectomies (cold and hot). Thermal damage and inflammation of the surrounding tissue using monopolar cautery is said to point to increased pain whereas immediate cooling of the burnt area is thought to reduce pain owing to heat dissipation. Our objective was to determine the difference in mean post-tonsillectomy pain scores among patients irrigated with cold water (4°C) and in patients not irrigated with cold water.
    Material and methods: A quasi-experimental trial was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 at a tertiary care hospital. All tonsillectomies were carried out with monopolar cautery at a power of 20 W. Patients either received cold water irrigation post tonsillectomy of the tonsillar bed (intervention arm) or no irrigation (control arm). The pain score was measured on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. Pain scores were charted on a visual analog scale on the respective days.
    Results: Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of our patients was 10.26 (4.24) years old in the intervention arm, and 11.95 (4.19) years old in the control arm. It was observed that the pain was significantly lower in patients with cold water irrigation of the tonsillar fossa on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 (
    Conclusions: In this trial, we report a reduced pain score at all days of observation in the intervention group. Irrigation of the tonsillar fossa is a safe, cost-effective, and less technically demanding technique that could be employed to reduce postoperative pain. Further studies with randomization, blinding and a larger sample size could further improve on our results.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-1081
    ISSN (online) 2589-1081
    DOI 10.1002/wjo2.102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Characteristics of acute central serous chorioretinopathy on optical coherence tomography - a retrospective study.

    Aqil, Amash / Mehmood, Ahsan / Moin, Muhammad / Abid, Khadijah

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 10, Page(s) 1834–1837

    Abstract: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is a common chorioretinal disease which is characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in the macular area. The purpose of this study was to find out the ... ...

    Abstract Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is a common chorioretinal disease which is characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in the macular area. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of acute central serous chorioretinopathy on optical coherence tomography. This study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital and Yaqin Vision from January 2016 to June 2018. The retrospective analysis of all optical coherence tomography scans of 50 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy was done. Patients having wet macular degeneration producing similar findings were excluded. Each optical coherence tomography scan was carefully studied using the line scan, radial scan and 3-D scan. Central foveal thickness, foveal contour, status of ellipsoid layer, retinal pigment epithelium and Sub-retinal fluid was analyzed by a single observer. Out of total 50 patients, 37 were males and 13 were females. Serous macular detachment was observed in all the patients, pigment epithelial detachment was found in 13 patients, brush border pattern was present in 31 patients, retinal pigment epithelium bulge was found in 36 patients, dipping pattern was identified in 9 patients and intra-retinal hyper-reflective dots was observed in 3 patients. Hence, optical coherence tomography may be helpful in diagnosing the characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy and understanding the mechanisms of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Detachment/diagnostic imaging ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-07
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.5455/JPMA.23039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Glycated haemoglobin association with severity of thrombus burden in non-diabetic versus diabetic patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

    Shah, Ghazanfar Ali / Malik, Tooba / Farooqi, Sadaf / Ahmed, Salman / Abid, Khadijah

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 10, Page(s) 2355–2358

    Abstract: Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between glycated haemoglobin level on admission and the angiographic thrombus burden in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.: Methods: The cross- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between glycated haemoglobin level on admission and the angiographic thrombus burden in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
    Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from June 2018 to July 2019, and comprised patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Demographic details and self-reported duration of diabetes was recorded. The thrombus burden was assessed on angiography classifying 0 = no thrombus, 1 = possible thrombus, 2 = small thrombus, 3 = moderate thrombus, 4 = large thrombus, and 5 = total occlusion. The data was analysed using SPSS 21.
    Results: Of the 212 patients, 173(81.6%) were men, and 75(35.4%) had body mass index ≥30kg/m2. The overall mean age of the sample was 54.62±11.75 years. Known diabetic cases were 82(38.7%) and 20(24.4%) were insulin-dependent. Mean glycated haemoglobin level was 7.18±2.03% and 96(45.3%) patients had the critical value >6.5%. Pre-procedure thrombus score in 118(55.7%) patients was 3 and 4 and 57(26.9%) had total occlusion. A significant relationship between glycated haemoglobin level and thrombus score was found in the overall sample as well as in diabetic and non-diabetic groups (p<0.001).
    Conclusions: Increased glycated haemoglobin level was found to have a positive correlation with thrombus score in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Thrombosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/complications ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Thrombosis/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Glycated Hemoglobin A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-02
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.02-445
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Literature search strategies in dental education and research.

    Khurshid, Zohaib / Tariq, Rabia / Asiri, Faris Y / Abid, Khadijah / Zafar, Muhammad S

    Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 799–806

    Abstract: A well-organized literature search is a fundamental requirement for research-based dental education. The execution of a literature search is not beneficial unless researchers possess basic knowledge about it. In this article, all basic strategies and ... ...

    Abstract A well-organized literature search is a fundamental requirement for research-based dental education. The execution of a literature search is not beneficial unless researchers possess basic knowledge about it. In this article, all basic strategies and research tools essentially required for a literature search, including Boolean operators, correct use of keywords, database selection, and the evaluation of filtered data and limitations, are discussed. The present article offers vital information and literature search guidelines for early career dental researchers and dental students. In addition, it contains a collection of all the essential information related to the generally used electronic databases in dentistry research. This will be helpful for dental students, residents, consultants, and allied science researchers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-06
    Publishing country Saudi Arabia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2817396-X
    ISSN 1658-3612 ; 1658-3612
    ISSN (online) 1658-3612
    ISSN 1658-3612
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Outcome of interventional treatment modalities for retinoblastoma: Experience at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.

    Mian, Lubna Siddiq / Aqil, Amash / Abid, Khadijah / Moin, Muhammad

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2020  Volume 69, Issue 7, Page(s) 1039–1043

    Abstract: Retinoblastoma is the most common intra-ocular malignancy found in children in their infancy. Originating from the retinal cells, the disease has a significant association with mortality and morbidity. A case series study was conducted at the Lahore ... ...

    Abstract Retinoblastoma is the most common intra-ocular malignancy found in children in their infancy. Originating from the retinal cells, the disease has a significant association with mortality and morbidity. A case series study was conducted at the Lahore General Hospital eye department, from November 2016 to January 2018. Nineteen children having retinoblastoma in 19 eyes were included in the study. The retinoblastoma-affected eyes were classified according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB). Treatments assigned were based on the severity of the disease, monetary allowance and intervention availability. The treatment modalities employed were chemo-reduction, Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC), Intravitreal Melphalan, Cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation. To measure the outcome, the follow up period was between 6 to 12 months. The primary outcome measures among the majority of the patients were regres sion or obliteration of the tumour. Failure of treatments were also recorded which included progression of the malignancy requiring enucleation. This study concludes that the newer modalities such as OAC and Intravitreal Melphalan have shown promising results for tumour regression, leading to vision salvation, even at higher grades of ICRB.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Cryotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Ophthalmic Artery/surgery ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Pakistan ; Retinal Neoplasms/therapy ; Retinoblastoma/epidemiology ; Retinoblastoma/mortality ; Retinoblastoma/therapy ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-23
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
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  10. Article: Frequency and impact of slow flow / no flow in primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

    Shah, Ghazanfer Ali / Malik, Tooba / Farooqi, Sadaf / Ahmed, Salman / Abid, Khadijah

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2021  Volume 71, Issue 11, Page(s) 2548–2553

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the frequency of slow/no flow in primary percutaneous coronary intervention, to know the clinical and angiographical predictors of the phenomenon, and to investigate the immediate impact of slow/no flow on haemodnamics.: Method! ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of slow/no flow in primary percutaneous coronary intervention, to know the clinical and angiographical predictors of the phenomenon, and to investigate the immediate impact of slow/no flow on haemodnamics.
    Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from June 2018 to July 2019, and comprised patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Demographic and clinical details of the patients were recorded. The antegrade flow was assessed and determined using the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction criterion. Patients were assessed for the occurrence, predictors and impact of slow/no flow. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
    Results: Of the 559 patients, 441(78.9%) were males. The overall mean age of the sample was 55.86±11.07 years. Angiographical slow/no flow during the procedure occurred in 53 (9.5%) patients, while normal flow was achieved in 506(90.5%). The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade in the affected patients was 0 in 10(1.8%), 1 in 15(2.7%), and 2 in 28(5%) patients. Smoking status, prior myocardial infarction, prior heart failure, no history of pre-infarct angina, cerebrovascular disease, New York Heart Association class III or IV, Killip class III or IV, and lower ejection fraction were significant predictors of slow/no flow (p<0.05). The angiographical and procedural predictors were total occlusion of culprit vessel and high thrombus burden (p<0.05). Direct stenting and use of bare metal stents had significantly less chance of developing slow/no flow (p<0.05). The most common immediate impact was hypotension 26(49.1%) and bradyarrhythmia 5(9.4%). However, 2(3.8%) patients developed haemodnamically unstable ventricular tachycardia that resulted in mortality.
    Conclusions: Predictors on the basis of history and angiographical features can be taken into account to anticipate the occurrence of slow/no flow phenomenon.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-15
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.12-1390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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