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  1. Book ; Online: Ökonomische Berechnungen zu beispielhaften Lösungen in der alternativen Milchvermarktung

    Schaack, Diana / Rampold, Christine / Single, Sarah / Böhm, Michael / Kerger, Franziska / Albrecht-Seidel, Marc / Raschel, Anna / Scholz, Stephan / Heber, Ingo

    (Schriftenreihe / Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie ; 2023, Heft 13)

    2023  

    Title variant Ökonomie der alternativen Milchvermarktung
    Institution Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie
    Author's details Diana Schaack, Christine Rampold, Sarah Single (alle Agrarmarkt Informations-Gesellschaft mbH), Michael Böhm, Franziska Kerger (beide Ecozept GbR), Marc Albrecht Seidel, Anna Raschel (beide Verband für handwerkliche Milchverarbeitung e.V.), Dipl.-Ing. agr. Stephan Scholz ; Redaktion: Ingo Heber ; im Auftrag des Sächsischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie
    Series title Schriftenreihe / Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie ; 2023, Heft 13
    Schriftenreihe des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie / Freistaat Sachsen
    Schriftenreihe des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie
    Collection Schriftenreihe des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie / Freistaat Sachsen
    Schriftenreihe des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie
    Keywords Milchkuhhaltung ; Milch ; Vermarktung ; Rinderhaltung ; Milchkuh ; Haltungssystem ; Fütterung ; Milchwirtschaft ; Milchproduktion ; Milchmarkt ; Marktstruktur ; Sachsen
    Subject Milch ; Trinkmilchmarkt ; Milcherzeugung ; Milchgewinnung ; Molkereiwirtschaft ; Tierfütterung ; Viehfütterung ; Fütterungstechnik ; Tierhaltungssystem ; Tierhaltungsverfahren ; Tierhaltung ; Haltungsverfahren ; Rindviehhaltung ; Rind ; Konsummilch ; Kuhmilch ; Trinkmilch ; Milchkuh
    Subject code 630 ; 330
    Language German
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    Edition 1. Auflage
    Publisher Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie (LfULG)
    Publishing place Dresden
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Open Access
    Remark Elektronischer Volltext
    HBZ-ID HT030713941
    DOI 10.4126/FRL01-006474189
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  2. Article ; Online: Intraspecific Variation in the Rates of Mutations Causing Structural Variation in Daphnia magna.

    Ho, Eddie K H / Schaack, Sarah

    Genome biology and evolution

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 12

    Abstract: Mutations that cause structural variation are important sources of genetic variation upon which other evolutionary forces can act, however, they are difficult to observe and therefore few direct estimates of their rate and spectrum are available. ... ...

    Abstract Mutations that cause structural variation are important sources of genetic variation upon which other evolutionary forces can act, however, they are difficult to observe and therefore few direct estimates of their rate and spectrum are available. Understanding mutation rate evolution, however, requires adding to the limited number of species for which direct estimates are available, quantifying levels of intraspecific variation in mutation rates, and assessing whether rate estimates co-vary across types of mutation. Here, we report structural variation-causing mutation rates (svcMRs) for six categories of mutations (short insertions and deletions, long deletions and duplications, and deletions and duplications at copy number variable sites) from nine genotypes of Daphnia magna collected from three populations in Finland, Germany, and Israel using a mutation accumulation approach. Based on whole-genome sequence data and validated using simulations, we find svcMRs are high (two orders of magnitude higher than base substitution mutation rates measured in the same lineages), highly variable among populations, and uncorrelated across categories of mutation. Furthermore, to assess the impact of scvMRs on the genome, we calculated rates while adjusting for the lengths of events and ran simulations to determine if the mutations occur in genic regions more or less frequently than expected by chance. Our results pose a challenge to most prevailing theories aimed at explaining the evolution of the mutation rate, underscoring the importance of obtaining additional mutation rate estimates in more genotypes, for more types of mutation, in more species, in order to improve our future understanding of mutation rates, their variation, and their evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Daphnia/genetics ; Genome ; Mutation ; Mutation Accumulation ; Mutation Rate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2495328-3
    ISSN 1759-6653 ; 1759-6653
    ISSN (online) 1759-6653
    ISSN 1759-6653
    DOI 10.1093/gbe/evab241
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  3. Article ; Online: 'Junk' that matters: the role of transposable elements in bumblebee genome evolution.

    Sun, Cheng / Zhang, Aibing / Chen, Jinfeng / Schaack, Sarah

    Current opinion in insect science

    2023  Volume 59, Page(s) 101103

    Abstract: Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes, where they are known to serve as a major force in genome evolution. The phenotypic impacts of TEs, while less well-studied, have also been discovered. ...

    Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes, where they are known to serve as a major force in genome evolution. The phenotypic impacts of TEs, while less well-studied, have also been discovered. Bumblebees are globally important pollinators in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Although TEs comprise a small fraction of bumblebee genomes, emerging evidence suggests that TEs are the major contributor of genome size variation across species and are involved in the formation of new coding and regulatory sequences. We review recent discoveries related to TEs in bumblebees, as well as outlining three key questions for the future of the field. In the future, we argue long-read sequencing technologies and genome editing techniques will help us identify TEs in bumblebees, unveil mechanisms that could account for their silencing and limited abundance, and uncover their contributions to phenotypic diversification, ecological adaptation, and speciation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2772833-X
    ISSN 2214-5753 ; 2214-5745
    ISSN (online) 2214-5753
    ISSN 2214-5745
    DOI 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101103
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  4. Article ; Online: Estimating somatic mutation rates by bottlenecked duplex sequencing in non-model organisms:

    Sobel, Eli / Coate, Jeremy E / Schaack, Sarah

    Journal of biological methods

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e165

    Abstract: Somatic mutations are evolutionarily important as determinants of individual organismal fitness, as well as being a focus of clinical research on age-related disease, such as cancer. Identifying somatic mutations and quantifying mutation rates, however, ... ...

    Abstract Somatic mutations are evolutionarily important as determinants of individual organismal fitness, as well as being a focus of clinical research on age-related disease, such as cancer. Identifying somatic mutations and quantifying mutation rates, however, is extremely challenging and genome-wide somatic mutation rates have only been reported for a few model organisms. Here, we describe the application of Duplex Sequencing on bottlenecked WGS libraries to quantify somatic nuclear genome-wide base substitution rates in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2326-9901
    ISSN (online) 2326-9901
    DOI 10.14440/jbm.2022.391
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  5. Article: Thermal stress and mutation accumulation increase heat shock protein expression in

    Scheffer, Henry / Coate, Jeremy E / Ho, Eddie K H / Schaack, Sarah

    Evolutionary ecology

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 829–844

    Abstract: Understanding the short- and long-term consequences of climate change is a major challenge in biology. For aquatic organisms, temperature changes and drought can lead to thermal stress and habitat loss, both of which can ultimately lead to higher ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the short- and long-term consequences of climate change is a major challenge in biology. For aquatic organisms, temperature changes and drought can lead to thermal stress and habitat loss, both of which can ultimately lead to higher mutation rates. Here, we examine the effect of high temperature and mutation accumulation on gene expression at two loci from the heat shock protein (HSP) gene family, HSP60 and HSP90. HSPs have been posited to serve as 'mutational capacitors' given their role as molecular chaperones involved in protein folding and degradation, thus buffering against a wide range of cellular stress and destabilization. We assayed changes in HSP expression across 5 genotypes of
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10682-022-10209-1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 15919-0
    ISSN 1573-8477 ; 0269-7653
    ISSN (online) 1573-8477
    ISSN 0269-7653
    DOI 10.1007/s10682-022-10209-1
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  6. Article ; Online: Evolutionary Conflict between Mobile DNA and Host Genomes.

    Song, Michael J / Schaack, Sarah

    The American naturalist

    2018  Volume 192, Issue 2, Page(s) 263–273

    Abstract: The proportion of eukaryotic genomes composed of active or formerly active mobile elements (MEs) is known to vary widely across lineages, but the explanations for why remain largely unknown. Given that ME activity, like other forms of mutation, is ... ...

    Abstract The proportion of eukaryotic genomes composed of active or formerly active mobile elements (MEs) is known to vary widely across lineages, but the explanations for why remain largely unknown. Given that ME activity, like other forms of mutation, is thought to be (on average) slightly deleterious in terms of phenotypic effects, understanding the widespread proliferation of MEs in host genomes requires an evolutionary framework. To better develop such a framework, we review the spectrum of resolutions to the genetic conflict between MEs and their hosts: inactivation of MEs due to mutation accumulation, negative selection (or lack thereof) against hosts with high ME loads, silencing of MEs (by hosts or MEs), ME domestication by their hosts, and the horizontal transfer of MEs to new hosts. We also highlight ecological and evolutionary theory from which ME researchers might borrow in order to explain large-scale patterns of ME dynamics across systems. We hope that a synthesis of the surprisingly significant role played by MEs in the genome, as well as the spectrum of resolutions, applicable theory, and recent discoveries, will have two outcomes for future researchers: better parsing of known variation in ME proliferation patterns across genomes and the development of testable models and predictions regarding the evolutionary trajectory of MEs based on a combination of theory, the comparative method, experimental evolution, and empirical observations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA Transposable Elements
    Chemical Substances DNA Transposable Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 207092-3
    ISSN 1537-5323 ; 0003-0147
    ISSN (online) 1537-5323
    ISSN 0003-0147
    DOI 10.1086/698482
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  7. Article ; Online: Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes

    Gilbert, C. / Meik, J.M. / Dashevsky, D. / Card, D.C. / Castoe, T.A. / Schaack, Sarah

    Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

    2023  

    Keywords snakes
    Publishing date 2023-03-10T14:39:00Z
    Publisher Royal Society
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
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  8. Article ; Online: Disentangling the intertwined roles of mutation, selection and drift in the mitochondrial genome.

    Schaack, Sarah / Ho, Eddie K H / Macrae, Fenner

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2019  Volume 375, Issue 1790, Page(s) 20190173

    Abstract: Understanding and quantifying the rates of change in the mitochondrial genome is a major component of many areas of biological inquiry, from phylogenetics to human health. A critical parameter in understanding rates of change is estimating the ... ...

    Abstract Understanding and quantifying the rates of change in the mitochondrial genome is a major component of many areas of biological inquiry, from phylogenetics to human health. A critical parameter in understanding rates of change is estimating the mitochondrial mutation rate (mtDNA MR). Although the first direct estimates of mtDNA MRs were reported almost 20 years ago, the number of estimates has not grown markedly since that time. This is largely owing to the challenges associated with time- and labour-intensive mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. But even MA experiments do not solve a major problem with estimating mtDNA MRs-the challenge of disentangling the role of mutation from other evolutionary forces acting within the cell. Now that it is widely understood that any newly generated mutant allele in the mitochondria will initially be at very low frequency (1/
    MeSH term(s) Genetic Drift ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2019.0173
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  9. Article ; Online: Genome-wide identification of accessible chromatin regions in bumblebee by ATAC-seq.

    Zhao, Xiaomeng / Su, Long / Xu, Weilin / Schaack, Sarah / Sun, Cheng

    Scientific data

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 367

    Abstract: Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinating insects that play pivotal roles in crop production and natural ecosystem services. Although protein-coding genes in bumblebees have been extensively annotated, regulatory sequences of the genome, ...

    Abstract Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinating insects that play pivotal roles in crop production and natural ecosystem services. Although protein-coding genes in bumblebees have been extensively annotated, regulatory sequences of the genome, such as promoters and enhancers, have been poorly annotated. To achieve a comprehensive profile of accessible chromatin regions and provide clues for all possible regulatory elements in the bumblebee genome, we performed ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing) on Bombus terrestris samples derived from four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, respectively. The ATAC-seq reads were mapped to the B. terrestris reference genome, and its accessible chromatin regions were identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods. We identified 36,390 chromatin accessible regions in total, including both shared and stage-specific chromatin accessible signals. Our study will provide an important resource, not only for uncovering regulatory elements in the bumblebee genome, but also for expanding our understanding of bumblebee biology throughout development.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bees/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Genome, Insect ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
    Chemical Substances Chromatin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Dataset ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-020-00713-w
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  10. Article ; Online: Understanding Ebola: the 2014 epidemic.

    Kaner, Jolie / Schaack, Sarah

    Globalization and health

    2016  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 53

    Abstract: Near the end of 2013, an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) began in Guinea, subsequently spreading to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. As this epidemic grew, important public health questions emerged about how and why this outbreak was so ... ...

    Abstract Near the end of 2013, an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) began in Guinea, subsequently spreading to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. As this epidemic grew, important public health questions emerged about how and why this outbreak was so different from previous episodes. This review provides a synthetic synopsis of the 2014-15 outbreak, with the aim of understanding its unprecedented spread. We present a summary of the history of previous epidemics, describe the structure and genetics of the ebolavirus, and review our current understanding of viral vectors and the latest treatment practices. We conclude with an analysis of the public health challenges epidemic responders faced and some of the lessons that could be applied to future outbreaks of Ebola or other viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Africa, Western ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; Ebolavirus/pathogenicity ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/genetics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health/methods ; Public Health/standards ; Public Health/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1744-8603
    ISSN (online) 1744-8603
    DOI 10.1186/s12992-016-0194-4
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