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Article: Untargeted metabolomics uncovers prime pathways linked to antibacterial action of citral against bacterial vaginosis-causing

Jothi, Ravi / Kamaladevi, Arumugam / Muthuramalingam, Pandiyan / Malligarjunan, Nambiraman / Karutha Pandian, Shunmugiah / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) e27983

Abstract: Global increase in recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and worrisome rise in antimicrobial resistance pose an urgent call for new/novel antibacterial agents. In light of the circumstance, the present study demonstrates ... ...

Abstract	Global increase in recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and worrisome rise in antimicrobial resistance pose an urgent call for new/novel antibacterial agents. In light of the circumstance, the present study demonstrates the
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27983
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Deciphering the Mechanism of MRSA Targeting Copper(II) Complexes of

Das, Athulya / Sangavi, Ravichellam / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj / Kumar, Rajesh / Sankaralingam, Muniyandi

Inorganic chemistry

2023 Volume 62, Issue 46, Page(s) 18926–18939

Abstract: WHO lists AMR as one of the top ten global public health issues. Therefore, constant effort is needed to develop more efficient antimicrobial drugs. As a result, earth-abundant transition-metal complexes have emerged as an excellent solution. In this ... ...

Abstract	WHO lists AMR as one of the top ten global public health issues. Therefore, constant effort is needed to develop more efficient antimicrobial drugs. As a result, earth-abundant transition-metal complexes have emerged as an excellent solution. In this regard, new aminoquinoline-based copper(II) pincer complexes
MeSH term(s)	Copper/pharmacology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; Ligands
Chemical Substances	Copper (789U1901C5) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Ligands
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484438-2
ISSN	1520-510X ; 0020-1669
ISSN (online)	1520-510X
ISSN	0020-1669
DOI	10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02480
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial activity of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and its possible mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus.

Kannappan, Arunachalam / Jothi, Ravi / Tian, Xiaorong / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj / Chunlei, Shi

Journal of applied microbiology

2023 Volume 134, Issue 7

Abstract: Aim: Staphylococcus aureus causes several complicated infections. Despite decades of research on developing new antimicrobials, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a global health problem. Hence, there is a dire need to identify potent ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Staphylococcus aureus causes several complicated infections. Despite decades of research on developing new antimicrobials, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a global health problem. Hence, there is a dire need to identify potent natural antibacterial compounds as an alternative to antimicrobials. In this light, the present work divulges the antibacterial efficacy and the action mechanism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) isolated from Hemidesmus indicus against S. aureus. Methods and results: Antimicrobial activity of HMB was assessed. HMB exhibited 1024 µg ml-1 as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 2 × MIC as the minimum bactericidal concentration against S. aureus. The results were validated by spot assay, time kill, and growth curve analysis. In addition, HMB treatment increased the release of intracellular proteins and nucleic acid contents from MRSA. Additional experiments assessing the structural morphology of bacterial cells using SEM analysis, β-galactosidase enzyme activity, and the fluorescence intensities of propidium iodide and rhodamine123 dye divulged that the cell membrane as one of the targets of HMB to hinder S. aureus growth. Moreover, the mature biofilm eradication assay revealed that HMB dislodged nearly 80% of the preformed biofilms of MRSA at the tested concentrations. Further, HMB treatment was found to sensitize MRSA cells upon combining tetracycline treatment. Conclusions: The present study suggests that HMB is a promising compound with antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and could act as a lead structure for developing new antibacterial drugs against MRSA.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Biofilms
Chemical Substances	2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2N395P88LW) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Benzaldehydes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1358023-1
ISSN	1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
ISSN (online)	1365-2672
ISSN	1364-5072
DOI	10.1093/jambio/lxad144
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Article ; Online: ROS mediated anticandidal efficacy of 3-Bromopyruvate prevents vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice model.

Jothi, Ravi / Hong, Seong-Tshool / Enkhtsatsral, Munkhtur / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0295922

Abstract: Candidal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), necessitate effective therapeutic interventions in clinical settings owing to their intricate clinical nature and elusive understanding of their etiological mechanisms. Given the ... ...

Abstract	Candidal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), necessitate effective therapeutic interventions in clinical settings owing to their intricate clinical nature and elusive understanding of their etiological mechanisms. Given the challenges in developing effective antifungal therapies, the strategy of repurposing existing pharmaceuticals has emerged as a promising approach to combat drug-resistant fungi. In this regard, the current study investigates molecular insights on the anti-candidal efficacy of a well-proven anticancer small molecule -3-bromopyruvate (3BP) against three clinically significant VVC causing Candida species viz., C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Furthermore, the study validates 3BP's therapeutic application by developing it as a vaginal cream for the treatment of VVC. 3BP exhibited phenomenal antifungal efficacy (killing >99%) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of 256 μg/mL against all tested Candida spp. Time killing kinetics experiment revealed 20 min as the minimum time required for 3BP at 2XMIC to achieve complete-killing (99.9%) in all Candida strains. Moreover, the ergosterol or sorbitol experiment explicated that the antifungal activity of 3BP does not stem from targeting the cell wall or the membrane component ergosterol. Instead, 3BP was observed to instigate a sequence of pre-apoptotic cascade events, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, nuclear condensation and ROS accumulations, as evidenced by PI, DAPI and DCFH-DA staining methods. Furthermore, 3BP demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in eradicating mature biofilms of Candida spp., achieving a maximum eradication level of 90%. Toxicity/safety profiling in both in vitro erythrocyte lysis and in vivo Galleria mellonella survival assay authenticated the non-toxic nature of 3BP up to 512 μg/mL. Finally, a vaginal cream formulated with 3BP was found to be effective in VVC-induced female mice model, as it significantly decreasing fungal load and protecting vaginal mucosa. Concomitantly, the present study serves as a clear demonstration of antifungal mechanistic action of anticancer drug -3BP, against Candida species. This finding holds significant potential for mitigating candidal infections, particularly VVC, within healthcare environments.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/drug therapy ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/prevention & control ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies/pharmacology ; Candida ; Candidiasis/drug therapy ; Candidiasis/prevention & control ; Candida glabrata ; Candida tropicalis ; Ergosterol/pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; bromopyruvate (63JMV04GRK) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; Ergosterol (Z30RAY509F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295922
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Article ; Online: Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules as Promising Natural Inhibitors of

Jothi, Ravi / Hari Prasath, Nagaiah / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 781790

Abstract: Farnesol, a self-secreted quorum-sensing molecule (QSM) ... ...

Abstract	Farnesol, a self-secreted quorum-sensing molecule (QSM) of
MeSH term(s)	Candida albicans ; Farnesol/pharmacology ; Quorum Sensing ; Sex Characteristics ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	Farnesol (4602-84-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2021.781790
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Article ; Online: ROS mediated anticandidal efficacy of 3-Bromopyruvate prevents vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice model.

Ravi Jothi / Seong-Tshool Hong / Munkhtur Enkhtsatsral / Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian / Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 12, p e

2023 Volume 0295922

Abstract	Candidal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), necessitate effective therapeutic interventions in clinical settings owing to their intricate clinical nature and elusive understanding of their etiological mechanisms. Given the challenges in developing effective antifungal therapies, the strategy of repurposing existing pharmaceuticals has emerged as a promising approach to combat drug-resistant fungi. In this regard, the current study investigates molecular insights on the anti-candidal efficacy of a well-proven anticancer small molecule -3-bromopyruvate (3BP) against three clinically significant VVC causing Candida species viz., C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Furthermore, the study validates 3BP's therapeutic application by developing it as a vaginal cream for the treatment of VVC. 3BP exhibited phenomenal antifungal efficacy (killing >99%) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of 256 μg/mL against all tested Candida spp. Time killing kinetics experiment revealed 20 min as the minimum time required for 3BP at 2XMIC to achieve complete-killing (99.9%) in all Candida strains. Moreover, the ergosterol or sorbitol experiment explicated that the antifungal activity of 3BP does not stem from targeting the cell wall or the membrane component ergosterol. Instead, 3BP was observed to instigate a sequence of pre-apoptotic cascade events, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, nuclear condensation and ROS accumulations, as evidenced by PI, DAPI and DCFH-DA staining methods. Furthermore, 3BP demonstrated a remarkable efficacy in eradicating mature biofilms of Candida spp., achieving a maximum eradication level of 90%. Toxicity/safety profiling in both in vitro erythrocyte lysis and in vivo Galleria mellonella survival assay authenticated the non-toxic nature of 3BP up to 512 μg/mL. Finally, a vaginal cream formulated with 3BP was found to be effective in VVC-induced female mice model, as it significantly decreasing fungal load ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In silico

Sangavi, Ravichellam / Muthumanickam, Sankar / Malligarjunan, Nambiraman / Jothi, Ravi / Boomi, Pandi / Arivudainambi, Seenichamy / Raman, Muthusamy / Joshi, Chaitanya G / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2023 , Page(s) 1–16

Abstract: Globally, dental caries is a prevalent oral disease caused by cariogenic bacteria, ... ...

Abstract	Globally, dental caries is a prevalent oral disease caused by cariogenic bacteria, primarily
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2023.2283155
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Zs.A 2093: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Catechol thwarts virulent dimorphism in Candida albicans and potentiates the antifungal efficacy of azoles and polyenes.

Jothi, Ravi / Sangavi, Ravichellam / Kumar, Ponnuchamy / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 22545

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-01925-9
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Article ; Online: Two novel phages PSPa and APPa inhibit planktonic, sessile and persister populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mitigate its virulence in Zebrafish model.

Karthika, Chandrasekar / Malligarjunan, Nambiraman / Jothi, Ravi / Kasthuri, Thirupathi / Alexpandi, Rajaiah / Ravi, Arumugam Veera / Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha / Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 19033

Abstract: The present study explores the avenue of phage therapy as an alternative antimicrobial therapeutic approach to counter multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our study investigated two novel virulent phages PSPa and APPa, specific to ...

Abstract	The present study explores the avenue of phage therapy as an alternative antimicrobial therapeutic approach to counter multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our study investigated two novel virulent phages PSPa and APPa, specific to P. aeruginosa, in which in vitro evaluations were carried out to assess the therapeutic potential of phages. Both the identified phages exhibited host specificity by showing antagonistic activity of about 96.43% (27/28) and 92.85% (26/28) towards the 28 MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The PSPa phage was found to have linear dsDNA with a sequence length of 66,368 bp and 92 ORFs, of which 32 were encoded for known functions of the phage life cycle and the remaining 60 were hypothetical functions. The APPa phage was found to have linear dsDNA with 59,591 bp of genome length and 79 ORFs, of which 15 were found to have known phage functions and the remaining 64 were found to be hypothetical proteins. Notably, the genome of both the phages lacks genes coding for tRNA, rRNA, and tmRNA. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PSPa and APPa share > 95% sequence similarity with previously sequenced Pseudomonas viruses of their respective families. Further, the in vivo efficacy evaluation using the zebrafish model revealed that the treatment with PSPa and APPa has remarkably improved the survival rate of bacterial-infected zebrafish, reinforcing the anti-infective potential of the isolated phages PSPa and APPa against P. aeruginosa infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Bacteriophages ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Zebrafish ; Virulence ; Phylogeny ; Plankton ; Pseudomonas Phages
Chemical Substances	diadenosine pyrophosphate (14938-28-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-45313-x
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Article ; Online: Author Correction

Ravi Jothi / Ravichellam Sangavi / Ponnuchamy Kumar / Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian / Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Catechol thwarts virulent dimorphism in Candida albicans and potentiates the antifungal efficacy of azoles and polyenes

2021 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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