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  1. Article ; Online: Tagging of individual embryos with electronic p-Chips.

    Mandecki, Wlodek / Rodriguez, Efrain Frank / Drawbridge, Julie

    Biomedical microdevices

    2016  Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 100

    Abstract: Collecting information about biochemical processes occurring inside a single cell or embryo is traditionally done either using fluorescent dyes with microscopy or via microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques. This paper demonstrates that a more direct ... ...

    Abstract Collecting information about biochemical processes occurring inside a single cell or embryo is traditionally done either using fluorescent dyes with microscopy or via microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques. This paper demonstrates that a more direct method - transmission of information using an electronic chip implanted in an embryo - is feasible. A light-activated microtransponder with dimensions 250 μm × 250 μm × 100 μm (a "p-Chip") was implanted into a blastula-stage frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo. To implant the chip, a small slit is made in the blastocoel roof with an electrolytically-sharpened tungsten needle, and the p-Chip is inserted using fine forceps. The chip is activated when illuminated by a 60 mW focused laser beam, which causes the p-Chip to send its numeric ID to a nearby receiver. At no time during signal transmission does a wire or other type of object come in contact with or penetrate the epidermal layer covering the p-Chip. The embryo survives the procedure, extruding the chip after approximately 3 h. The method shows promise for studies including voltage potential, pH and other parameters.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blastocyst ; Electrical Equipment and Supplies ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Materials Testing ; Xenopus laevis/embryology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004019-2
    ISSN 1572-8781 ; 1387-2176
    ISSN (online) 1572-8781
    ISSN 1387-2176
    DOI 10.1007/s10544-016-0127-2
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  2. Article: The color purple: analyzing alkaline phosphatase expression in experimentally manipulated sea urchin embryos in an undergraduate developmental biology course.

    Drawbridge, Julie

    The International journal of developmental biology

    2003  Volume 47, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 161–164

    Abstract: In these laboratory exercises, developed for a sophomore/junior-level undergraduate course in Developmental Biology, students explore the processes of differentiation and morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos by monitoring the spatio-temporal expression ... ...

    Abstract In these laboratory exercises, developed for a sophomore/junior-level undergraduate course in Developmental Biology, students explore the processes of differentiation and morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos by monitoring the spatio-temporal expression pattern of the endoderm marker, alkaline phosphatase. Once students have determined the normal alkaline phosphatase expression pattern, they are asked to treat sea urchin embryos in some way that perturbs normal morphogenesis. Their task is to discover whether the chosen treatment perturbs both morphogenesis and differentiation of the gut or only morphogenesis. The ease with which sea urchin embryos can be cultured and manipulated provide the Developmental Biology instructor with a powerful system for inviting students to explore questions regarding differentiation and morphogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; Developmental Biology ; Education/methods ; Sea Urchins/embryology ; Sea Urchins/enzymology
    Chemical Substances Alkaline Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036070-0
    ISSN 1696-3547 ; 0214-6282
    ISSN (online) 1696-3547
    ISSN 0214-6282
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  3. Article: The early life stages of California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) and white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) respond to food particle taste

    Hawkyard, Matt / Drawbridge, Mark / Langdon, Chris / Stuart, Kevin

    Aquaculture. 2019 July 05,

    2019  

    Abstract: One of the key limitations in the use of artificial microdiets for the culture of marine fish larvae and post-larvae is their poor acceptability. The chemosensory systems of adult and juvenile fish are known to serve important roles in the detection and ... ...

    Abstract One of the key limitations in the use of artificial microdiets for the culture of marine fish larvae and post-larvae is their poor acceptability. The chemosensory systems of adult and juvenile fish are known to serve important roles in the detection and selection of food items; however, the relative importance and functionality of chemosensory detection and responses are less well understood for the larval stages. Many chemical compounds previously found to promote feeding in fish are low molecular weight, water-soluble compounds that are prone to rapid leaching from artificial microdiets. Particle taste, which requires retention of these low molecular weight water-soluble compounds, is difficult to manipulate in currently available larval diets. In the present study, we used liposomes embedded in alginate particles (alginate complex particles), that showed high retention of low-molecular weight water-soluble compounds, as a tool to evaluate the impacts of several water-soluble organic compounds on the feeding of California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) and white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis). We also compared the relative importance of including (and retaining) these compounds within the particles (enhanced taste) as opposed to dissolving these compounds in the culture water (enhanced smell). The results of this study showed that alginate complex particles retained >50% of sodium fluorescein and >70% of amino acids after 1 h suspension in seawater. Moreover, we found that feed consumption rates (feeding incidence and fullness) were greatest when a mixture of glycine, betaine and alanine were included in the complex particles suggesting that particle taste was an important factor for influencing the feeding of white seabass and California yellowtail post-larvae.
    Keywords adults ; alanine ; alginates ; Atractoscion nobilis ; betaine ; diet ; feed intake ; fish larvae ; fluorescein ; juveniles ; leaching ; marine fish ; molecular weight ; postlarvae ; seawater ; Seriola lalandi ; smell ; taste ; water solubility
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0705
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 185380-6
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734285
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  4. Article: Exercise duration and cohort affect variability and longevity of the response to exercise training in California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis)

    Frank, Laura N / Stuart, Kevin / Skelton, Zachary / Drawbridge, Mark / Hyde, John R / Lowery, Mary Sue / Wegner, Nicholas C

    Elsevier B.V. Aquaculture. 2021 July 15, v. 540

    2021  

    Abstract: Five cohorts of cultured California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) were used in exercise training experiments to assess the duration of exercise necessary to induce a positive growth and fitness response, quantify the variability and replicability of this ...

    Abstract Five cohorts of cultured California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) were used in exercise training experiments to assess the duration of exercise necessary to induce a positive growth and fitness response, quantify the variability and replicability of this response between cohorts, and track the longevity (persistence) of exercise-induced benefits following removal from the exercise stimulus. Custom-designed raceways were used to continuously exercise juvenile yellowtail at their optimal swimming speed for two, three, or four weeks following which several fitness metrics including measures of somatic growth, white muscle fiber area, metabolic rate, and feed conversion were tracked for up to 20 weeks post exercise in comparison to non-exercised controls. Within a cohort, the longest duration of exercise (4 weeks) generally had the largest and longest-lasting impact on growth, followed by the 3-week, and then the 2-week exercise regimes. However, all exercise treatments showed substantial variability in the magnitude and longevity of the response between cohorts. For example, the positive growth response (increase in mass above that of controls) of the 4-week swimming group ranged from 9.8% to 37.8% between cohorts. This variability in the exercise response between cohorts is similar in magnitude to that associated with other experimentally manipulated variables in the exercise regimes of previous studies, and thus highlights the need for additional species-specific experiments to quantify replicability of positive exercise results. In addition, the longevity of exercise-induced benefits was highly variable between cohorts and generally not retained for prolonged periods post exercise. Most notably, the exercise-induced growth response which may result from muscle hypertrophy (increase in white muscle fiber size) during exercise, subsided within weeks. Taken together, these results indicate that exercise can play an important role in the growth and fitness of S. dorsalis and other species, however the duration of the exercise, as well as the timing of exercise in the rearing process likely have important implications for optimizing exercise training for aquaculture enhancement.
    Keywords Seriola lalandi ; aquaculture ; exercise ; feed conversion ; hypertrophy ; juveniles ; longevity ; metabolism ; muscle fibers ; muscles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0715
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 185380-6
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736684
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  5. Article: Axolotl pronephric duct migration requires an epidermally derived, laminin 1-containing extracellular matrix and the integrin receptor alpha6beta1.

    Morris, Andrea R / Drawbridge, Julie / Steinberg, Malcolm S

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2003  Volume 130, Issue 23, Page(s) 5601–5608

    Abstract: The epidermis overlying the migrating axolotl pronephric duct is known to participate in duct guidance. This epidermis deposits an extracellular matrix onto the migrating duct and its pathway that is a potential source of directional guidance cues. The ... ...

    Abstract The epidermis overlying the migrating axolotl pronephric duct is known to participate in duct guidance. This epidermis deposits an extracellular matrix onto the migrating duct and its pathway that is a potential source of directional guidance cues. The role of this matrix in pronephric duct guidance was assayed by presenting matrix deposited on microcarriers directly to migrating pronephric ducts in situ. We found that reorientation of extracellular-matrix-bearing carriers prior to their presentation to migrating ducts caused a corresponding reorientation of pronephric duct migration. Subepidermal microinjection of function-blocking antibodies against alpha6 integrin, beta1 integrin or the laminin-1/E8 domain recognized by alpha6beta1 integrin, all of which were detected and localized here, inhibited pronephric duct migration. Moreover, pre-exposure to anti-laminin-1/E8 function-blocking antibody prevented reoriented carriers of epidermally deposited matrix from reorienting pronephric duct migration. These results are incorporated into an integrated model of pronephric duct guidance consistent with all present evidence, proposing roles for the previously implicated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor as well as for laminin 1 and alpha6beta1 integrin.
    MeSH term(s) Ambystoma/anatomy & histology ; Ambystoma/embryology ; Animals ; Antibodies/metabolism ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Embryonic Structures/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/chemistry ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Integrin alpha6beta1/metabolism ; Kidney/embryology ; Laminin/metabolism ; Morphogenesis
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; Integrin alpha6beta1 ; Laminin ; laminin 1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.00765
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    Ub I Zs.183: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Pronephric duct extension in amphibian embryos: migration and other mechanisms.

    Drawbridge, Julie / Meighan, Christopher M / Lumpkins, Rebecca / Kite, Mary E

    Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

    2003  Volume 226, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Initiation of excretory system development in all vertebrates requires (1) delamination of the pronephric and pronephric duct rudiments from intermediate mesoderm at the ventral border of anterior somites, and (2) extension of the pronephric duct to the ... ...

    Abstract Initiation of excretory system development in all vertebrates requires (1) delamination of the pronephric and pronephric duct rudiments from intermediate mesoderm at the ventral border of anterior somites, and (2) extension of the pronephric duct to the cloaca. Pronephric duct extension is the central event in nephric system development; the pronephric duct differentiates into the tubule that carries nephric filtrate out of the body and induces terminal differentiation of adult kidneys. Early studies concluded that pronephric ducts formed by means of in situ segregation of pronephric duct tissue from lateral mesoderm ventral to the forming somites; more recent studies highlight caudal migration of the pronephric duct as the major morphogenetic mechanism. The purpose of this review is to provide the historical background on studies of the mechanisms of amphibian pronephric duct extension, to review evidence showing that different amphibians perform pronephric duct morphogenesis in different ways, and to suggest future studies that may help illuminate the molecular basis of the mechanisms that have evolved in amphibians to extend the pronephric duct to the cloaca.
    MeSH term(s) Ambystoma/embryology ; Animals ; Cell Movement ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kidney/embryology ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Time Factors ; Wolffian Ducts/embryology ; Xenopus laevis/embryology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1102541-4
    ISSN 1097-0177 ; 1058-8388
    ISSN (online) 1097-0177
    ISSN 1058-8388
    DOI 10.1002/dvdy.10205
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    Ub I Zs.60: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Ontogeny of the digestive tract and enzymatic activity in white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, larvae

    Galaviz, Mario A / García-Gasca, Alejandra / Drawbridge, Mark / Álvarez-González, Carlos Alfonso / López, Lus M

    Aquaculture. 2011 July 27, v. 318, no. 1-2

    2011  

    Abstract: The development of the digestive system and digestive enzyme activity in white seabass larvae, Atractoscion nobilis, were analyzed from hatching until 40days post hatch (dph) using histological and biochemical approaches. The development of the digestive ...

    Abstract The development of the digestive system and digestive enzyme activity in white seabass larvae, Atractoscion nobilis, were analyzed from hatching until 40days post hatch (dph) using histological and biochemical approaches. The development of the digestive system in A. nobilis larvae was similar to that reported for other marine fish species. Larvae at 3dph (0.55±0.001mg wet weight and 3.6±0.02mm total length), cultured at 18°C in seawater, presented all the structures (i.e. differentiation of the alimentary canal into the buccopharynx, esophagus, anterior and posterior intestines, pancreas with zymogen granules, liver, gall bladder and open mouth) necessary for the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as proteins and lipids (primarily). At this time, the larvae had fully-developed digestive systems that allowed them to digest inert feed and to absorb nutrients throughout the intestine walls. On the other hand, most digestive enzyme activities were detected at the moment of hatching. Trypsin activity was 0.80±0.16mU/mg protein at 1dph (0.51±0.001mg wet weight larvae), and increased gradually during the following days, but most notably after the initial exogenous feeding at 4dph. The specific activity of chymotrypsin was 7.21±1.29mU×10⁻⁴/mg protein at 1dph and reached peak level (15.9±1.02 mU×10⁻⁴/mg protein) at 18dph (6.6±0.003mg wet weight larvae). The specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase increased continuously from 1.31±0.05mU×10⁻³/mg protein at 1dph to 15.91±0.40mU×10⁻³/mg protein at 18dph. The activity of α-amylase at 1dph was 1.35±0.09U/mg protein, increasing to 8.07±0.98U/mg protein at 16dph. The activity of pepsin was detected at a very low level (0.71±0.53U/mg protein) at 10dph, and a stepwise increase in activity was observed between 16 and 20dph, reaching maximum level (13.92±0.09U/mg protein) at 40dph. These results indicate that the digestive tract develops rapidly in this species and that the stomach becomes functional between 16 and 18dph. It should, therefore, be possible to start weaning the fish at this young age.
    Keywords absorption ; chymotrypsin ; digestion ; digestive tract ; enzyme activity ; esophagus ; feeds ; gall bladder ; hatching ; intestines ; larvae ; leucyl aminopeptidase ; lipids ; liver ; marine fish ; mouth ; nutrients ; ontogeny ; pancreas ; pepsin ; proteins ; seawater ; secretory granules ; stomach ; trypsin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-0727
    Size p. 162-168.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 185380-6
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    ISSN 0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
    DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.014
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