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Article ; Online: Impact of 5 years of hepatitis C testing and treatment in the North East of England prisons.

Johnson, Amy / Shearer, Jessica / Thompson, Craig / Jelley, Ryan / Aldridge, Jodi / Allsop, Caroline / Kerry, Jenna / Jones, Dee / McCullough, Francesca / Miller, Carolyn / Valappil, Manoj / Taha, Yusri / Masson, Steven / Jefferson, Tony / Lawton, Colin / Christensen, Lee / McPherson, Stuart

Journal of viral hepatitis

2023 Volume 30, Issue 12, Page(s) 914–921

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is prevalent in prisons. Therefore, effective prison HCV services ...

Abstract	Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is prevalent in prisons. Therefore, effective prison HCV services are critical for HCV elimination programmes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a regional HCV prison testing and treatment programme. Between July 2017 and June 2022, data were collected prospectively on HCV test offer and uptake rates, HCV Antibody (HCV-Ab) and HCV-RNA positivity, treatment starts and outcomes for new inmates incarcerated in three prisons. Rates of HCV-Ab and RNA positivity at reception, incidence of new HCV infections and reinfection following treatment were determined. From a total of 39,652 receptions, 33,028 (83.3%) were offered HCV testing and 20,394 (61.7%) completed testing. Including all receptions, 24.5% of tests (n = 4995) were HCV-Ab positive and 8.4% of tests (n = 1713) were HCV-RNA positive. When considering the first test for each individual (median age 34 years; 88.1% male), 14.8% (n = 1869) and 7.2% (n = 905) were HCV-Ab and HCV-RNA positive, respectively. The incidence of new HCV-Ab and RNA positivity was 5.1 and 3.3 per 100 person-years, respectively. Of 1145 HCV viraemic individuals, 18 died within 6 months and 150 were rapidly transferred out of area, leaving 977 individuals with outcomes. Of these, 835 (85.5%) received antivirals and 47 spontaneously cleared the infection, leaving 95 (9.7%) untreated. 607 (72.7%) achieved SVR. 95 patients had reinfection post-treatment (rate 10.1 cases per 100 person-years). Testing for HCV has increased in our prisons and the majority with viraemia are initiated on antiviral treatment. Reassuringly, a significant fall in frequency of HCV-RNA positivity at prison reception was observed suggesting progress towards HCV elimination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Prisons ; Reinfection ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus/genetics ; RNA ; England/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Prisoners
Chemical Substances	RNA (63231-63-0) ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1212497-7
ISSN	1365-2893 ; 1352-0504
ISSN (online)	1365-2893
ISSN	1352-0504
DOI	10.1111/jvh.13887
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Article ; Online: Natural immunity to malaria preferentially targets the endothelial protein C receptor-binding regions of PfEMP1s.

Tewey, Madison A / Coulibaly, Drissa / Lawton, Jonathan G / Stucke, Emily M / Zhou, Albert E / Berry, Andrea A / Bailey, Jason A / Pike, Andrew / Dara, Antoine / Ouattara, Amed / Lyke, Kirsten E / Ifeonu, Olukemi / Laurens, Matthew B / Adams, Matthew / Takala-Harrison, Shannon / Niangaly, Amadou / Kouriba, Bourema / Koné, Abdoulaye K / Rowe, J Alexandra /

Doumbo, Ogobara K / Patel, Jigar J / Tan, John C / Felgner, Philip L / Plowe, Christopher V / Thera, Mahamadou A / Travassos, Mark A

mSphere

2023 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e0045123

Abstract: Antibody responses to variant surface antigens (VSAs) produced by the malaria ... ...

Abstract	Antibody responses to variant surface antigens (VSAs) produced by the malaria parasite
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Endothelial Protein C Receptor/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Epitopes ; Peptides
Chemical Substances	Endothelial Protein C Receptor ; Protozoan Proteins ; Epitopes ; Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2379-5042
ISSN (online)	2379-5042
DOI	10.1128/msphere.00451-23
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Article ; Online: Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-6 -174G>C and -572G>C (Part II).

Giotta Lucifero, Alice / Baldoncini, Matias / Brambilla, Ilaria / Rutigliano, Monica / Savioli, Gabriele / Galzio, Renato / Campero, Alvaro / Lawton, Michael T / Luzzi, Sabino

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis

2022 Volume 92, Issue S4, Page(s) e2021420

Abstract: ... the adaptive immune response and regulates inflammatory processes. The -174 G>C and -572 G>C promoter polymorphisms of the IL-6 ... 5.0 software. Results 9 studies were eligible. No associations were found between -174 G>C ... polymorphisms and IAs susceptibility. Notable results were reported by the analysis of -572G>C polymorphisms ...

Abstract	Introduction The interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, supports the adaptive immune response and regulates inflammatory processes. The -174 G>C and -572 G>C promoter polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene take part in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and influence the clinical presentation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. This meta-analysis purposes to evaluate whether and which IL-6 allelic variations are related to a risk of IAs formation. Methods A PRISMA-based literature search was performed on the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases. The keywords used were "interleukin-6," "IL-6," "polymorphism," "interleukin-6 genotype," combined with "intracranial aneurysms" and "subarachnoid hemorrhage." Only human case-control studies, with a study (IAs) and a control group, written in English, and published in the last 15 years were selected. A meta-analysis was performed, estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in fixed- or random-effects models, as applicable. Statistical analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0 software. Results 9 studies were eligible. No associations were found between -174 G>C polymorphisms and IAs susceptibility. Notable results were reported by the analysis of -572G>C polymorphisms. -572GG/GC/CC genotypes were strongly related to IAs occurrence with a statistical significance of p=0.03, p=0.0009, and p=0.00001, respectively. Conclusion A higher incidence of -572G>C promoter polymorphisms were demonstrated in the IAs group, highlighting the pivotal role of inflammatory genes in the natural history of brain aneurysms. Additional studies are required considering the racial heterogenicity and the need to widen the population sample.
MeSH term(s)	Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Intracranial Aneurysm/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/genetics
Chemical Substances	IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
ZDB-ID	2114240-3
ISSN	2531-6745 ; 0392-4203
ISSN (online)	2531-6745
ISSN	0392-4203
DOI	10.23750/abm.v92iS4.12669
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Article ; Online: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis C elimination in Canada: Where do we go from here?

Atif, Jawairia / Udhesister, Sasha Tejna Persaud / Abdelnabi, Mohamed N / D'Souza, Simmone / Hung, Jui-Hsia / Edgar, Rachel D / Gobran, Samaa T / Gomez-Escobar, Elsa / Greenwald, Zoë R / Gallardo-Flores, Carla E / Fontaine, Guillaume / Jeong, Dahn / Lanièce-Delaunay, Charlotte / Lawton, David / Makuza, Jean Damascene / Masterman, Chelsea / Marathe, Gayatri / Mortazhejri, Sameh / Li, Jiafeng /

Palmer, Michael / Passos-Castilho, Ana Maria / Sag, Manolya / Shengir, Mohamed / Wallace, Hannah Louise / Mendlowitz, Andrew B

Canadian liver journal

2022 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 441–444

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2561-4444
ISSN (online)	2561-4444
DOI	10.3138/canlivj-2022-0035
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Article ; Online: Comparison of creatinine and cystatin C based eGFR in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in Indigenous Australians: The eGFR Study.

Barr, Elizabeth Lm / Maple-Brown, Louise J / Barzi, Federica / Hughes, Jaquelyne T / Jerums, George / Ekinci, Elif I / Ellis, Andrew G / Jones, Graham Rd / Lawton, Paul D / Sajiv, Cherian / Majoni, Sandawana W / Brown, Alex Dh / Hoy, Wendy E / O'Dea, Kerin / Cass, Alan / MacIsaac, Richard J

Clinical biochemistry

2017 Volume 50, Issue 6, Page(s) 301–308

Abstract: ... creatinine and cystatin C is superior to equations that include either measure alone in estimating ... glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, whether cystatin C can provide any additional benefits in estimating GFR ... eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equations for serum creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcysC ...

Abstract	Background: The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation that combines creatinine and cystatin C is superior to equations that include either measure alone in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, whether cystatin C can provide any additional benefits in estimating GFR for Indigenous Australians, a population at high risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is unknown. Methods: Using a cross-sectional analysis from the eGFR Study of 654 Indigenous Australians at high risk of ESKD, eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equations for serum creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcysC) and combined creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcysC+cr). Reference GFR (mGFR) was determined using a non-isotopic iohexol plasma disappearance technique over 4h. Performance of each equation to mGFR was assessed by calculating bias, % bias, precision and accuracy for the total population, and according to age, sex, kidney disease, diabetes, obesity and c-reactive protein. Results: Data were available for 542 participants (38% men, mean [sd] age 45 [14] years). Bias was significantly greater for eGFRcysC (15.0mL/min/1.73m Conclusion: Cystatin C based eGFR equations may not perform well in populations with high levels of chronic inflammation. CKD-EPI eGFR based on serum creatinine remains the preferred equation in Indigenous Australians.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Australia/epidemiology ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Creatinine/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cystatin C/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Groups ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Cystatin C ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390372-2
ISSN	1873-2933 ; 0009-9120
ISSN (online)	1873-2933
ISSN	0009-9120
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.024
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Article ; Online: Transcriptome Analysis of C. elegans Reveals Novel Targets for DON Cytotoxicity

Rong Di / Hanzhong Zhang / Michael A. Lawton

Toxins, Vol 10, Iss 7, p

2018 Volume 262

Abstract: ... Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a tractable animal model to dissect the toxic effect of DON. Our results indicate ... that DON reduces the fecundity and lifespan of C. elegans. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ... C. elegans genes, 313 are upregulated and 166 were downregulated by DON treatment. Among the DON ...

Abstract	Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in cereal crops. Ingestion of food contaminated with DON poses serious human health complications. However, the DON cytotoxicity has been mostly deduced from animal studies. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a tractable animal model to dissect the toxic effect of DON. Our results indicate that DON reduces the fecundity and lifespan of C. elegans. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that DON upregulates innate immunity-related genes including C17H12.8 and K08D8.5 encoding PMK-1 (mitogen activated protein kinase-1)-regulated immune effectors, and F35E12.5 encoding a CUB-like domain-containing protein. Furthermore, our RNAseq data demonstrate that out of ~17,000 C. elegans genes, 313 are upregulated and 166 were downregulated by DON treatment. Among the DON-upregulated genes, several are ugt genes encoding UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGTs) which are known to be involved in chemical detoxification. The three upregulated genes, F52F10.4 (oac-32), C10H11.6 (ugt-26) and C10H11.4 (ugt-28) encoding the O-acyltransferase homolog, UGT26 and UGT 28, respectively, are shown to contribute to DON tolerance by a RNAi bacterial feeding experiment. The results of this study provide insights to the targets of DON cytotoxicity and potential mitigation measures.
Keywords	Fusarium head blight ; deoxynivalenol ; cytotoxicity ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; RNAseq ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in high-grade prostate cancer.

Miyake, Makito / Lawton, Adrienne / Goodison, Steve / Urquidi, Virginia / Rosser, Charles J

Pathology, research and practice

2014 Volume 210, Issue 2, Page(s) 74–78

Abstract: Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may enhance tumor epithelial ...

Abstract	Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may enhance tumor epithelial-stromal interactions facilitating tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, however, no study to date has been reported describing CXCL1 in human prostate tumors. Herein, we set out to describe the expression pattern of CXCL1 in human prostate tumors. Utilizing a commercial tissue microarray, immunohistochemical staining was used to monitor CXCL1 protein expression in 90 primary prostate tumors and 20 benign prostate tissues. CXCL1 protein expression was noted to be predominantly in the cytoplasm of both the benign epithelia glands and cancerous epithelia glands) with >75% of benign or cancerous glands demonstrating immunoreactivity. However, staining intensity was noted to be significantly different between benign and cancerous tissue with 84% of cancerous tissue staining moderate (++) to strong (+++) compared to only 30% of benign prostate samples staining moderate (++) to strong (+++) (p<0.0001). Increased CXCL1 protein levels were associated with higher-grade tumors (Gleason≤6 vs. Gleason score 7-10, p=0.038). An increase in CXCL1 protein was present in of high-grade malignancy. Further studies are warranted to clearly define the role of CXCL1 in prostate cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Epithelium/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate/metabolism ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Proteomics ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	CXCL1 protein, human ; Chemokine CXCL1
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391889-0
ISSN	1618-0631 ; 0344-0338
ISSN (online)	1618-0631
ISSN	0344-0338
DOI	10.1016/j.prp.2013.08.013
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Article ; Online: Acetylcholineestarase-inhibiting alkaloids from Lycoris radiata delay paralysis of amyloid beta-expressing transgenic C. elegans CL4176.

Xin, Lijuan / Yamujala, Ritupriya / Wang, Yuehu / Wang, Huan / Wu, Wen-Hsuan / Lawton, Michael A / Long, Chunlin / Di, Rong

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e63874

Abstract: ... in Europe for AD treatment. We used the unique amyloid β-expressing transgenic C. elegans CL4176 ... related gene expressions to combat the Aβ-toxicity in C. elegans. ...

Abstract	The limited symptom relief and side effects of current Alzheimer's disease (AD) medications warrant urgent discovery and study of new anti-AD agents. The "cholinergic hypothesis" of AD prompts us to search for plant-derived acetylcholineesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as galanthamine that has been licensed in Europe for AD treatment. We used the unique amyloid β-expressing transgenic C. elegans CL4176, which exhibits paralysis when human Aβ1-42 is induced, to study two natural benzylphenethylamine alkaloids isolated from Lycoris radiata (L' Her.) Herb, galanthamine and haemanthidine, and their synthetic derivatives 1,2-Di-O-acetyllycorine and 1-O-acetyllycorine for their anti-paralysis effects. Our data indicate that these Lycoris compounds effectively delay the paralysis of CL4176 worms upon temperature up-shift, and prolong the lives of these transgenic worms. Lycoris compounds were shown to significantly inhibit the gene expression of ace-1 and ace-2. Additionally, the Lycoris compounds may modulate inflammatory and stress-related gene expressions to combat the Aβ-toxicity in C. elegans.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Alzheimer Disease/enzymology ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids/isolation & purification ; Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/biosynthesis ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects ; Caenorhabditis elegans/enzymology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/isolation & purification ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galantamine/analogs & derivatives ; Galantamine/isolation & purification ; Galantamine/pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Longevity/drug effects ; Lycoris/chemistry ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Paralysis/prevention & control ; Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis ; Peptide Fragments/genetics ; Phenanthridines/isolation & purification ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Peptide Fragments ; Phenanthridines ; amyloid beta-protein (1-42) ; Galantamine (0D3Q044KCA) ; hemanthidine (466-73-9) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0063874
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Article: What Is Homœopathy?

Lawton, C H

The Homoeopathic physician

2023 Volume 1, Issue 12, Page(s) 562–566

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
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Article ; Online: Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in aggressive bladder cancers.

Miyake, Makito / Lawton, Adrienne / Goodison, Steve / Urquidi, Virginia / Gomes-Giacoia, Evan / Zhang, Ge / Ross, Shanti / Kim, Jeongsoon / Rosser, Charles J

BMC cancer

2013 Volume 13, Page(s) 322

Abstract: Background: Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may regulate tumor ...

Abstract	Background: Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may regulate tumor epithelial-stromal interactions that facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, but limited studies to date have described CXCL1 protein expression in human bladder cancer (BCa). Methods: CXCL1 protein expression was examined in 152 bladder tissue specimens (142 BCa) by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of CXCL1 was scored by assigning a combined score based on the proportion of cells staining and intensity of staining. CXCL1 expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological features and follow-up data. Results: CXCL1 protein expression was present in cancerous tissues, but was entirely absent in benign tissue. CXCL1 combined immunostaining score was significantly higher in high-grade tumors relative to low-grade tumors (p = 0.012). Similarly, CXCL1 combined immunostaining score was higher in high stage tumors (T2-T4) than in low stage tumors (Ta-T1) (p < 0.0001). An increase in the combined immunostaining score of CXCL1 was also associated with reduced disease-specific survival. Conclusion: To date, this is the largest study describing increased CXCL1 protein expression in more aggressive phenotypes in human BCa. Further studies are warranted to define the role CXCL1 plays in bladder carcinogenesis and progression.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology ; Chemokine CXCL1/analysis ; Chemokine CXCL1/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; CXCL1 protein, human ; Chemokine CXCL1
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/1471-2407-13-322
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