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Article ; Online: Humoral and T Cell Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 after Primary and Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccinations and Breakthrough Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Malaysia.

Fu, Jolene Yin Ling / Pukhari, Muhammad Harith / Bador, Maria Kahar / Sam, I-Ching / Chan, Yoke Fun

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4

Abstract: Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 could be compromised by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and it is important to study how it impacts the booster vaccination regime. We investigated the humoral and T cell responses longitudinally in vaccinated ... ...

Abstract	Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 could be compromised by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and it is important to study how it impacts the booster vaccination regime. We investigated the humoral and T cell responses longitudinally in vaccinated uninfected (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; BNT162 Vaccine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Breakthrough Infections ; Malaysia ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; T-Lymphocytes ; Cohort Studies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	BNT162 Vaccine ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (B5S3K2V0G8) ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15040844
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus A71 infection: a focus on neuropathogenesis.

Tee, Han Kang / Zainol, Mohd Izwan / Sam, I-Ching / Chan, Yoke Fun

Expert review of anti-infective therapy

2021 Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 733–747

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Coxsackievirus Infections/complications ; Coxsackievirus Infections/virology ; Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/complications ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy ; Nervous System Diseases/virology ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Virus Internalization
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2181279-2
ISSN	1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
ISSN (online)	1744-8336
ISSN	1478-7210
DOI	10.1080/14787210.2021.1851194
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 multiplex RT-PCR to detect variants of concern (VOCs) in Malaysia, between January to May 2021.

Fu, Jolene Yin Ling / Chong, Yoong Min / Sam, I-Ching / Chan, Yoke Fun

Journal of virological methods

2022 Volume 301, Page(s) 114462

Abstract: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have been associated with enhanced transmissibility and immune escape. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the whole genome is the gold standard for variant identification for surveillance but is time- ... ...

Abstract	Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have been associated with enhanced transmissibility and immune escape. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the whole genome is the gold standard for variant identification for surveillance but is time-consuming and costly. Rapid and cost-effective assays that detect SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed. We evaluated Allplex SARS-CoV-2 Master Assay and Variants I Assay to detect HV69/70 deletion, Y144 deletion, E484K, N501Y, and P681H spike mutations in 248 positive samples collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between January and May 2021. Spike variants were detected in 78/248 (31.5 %), comprising 60 VOC B.1.351 (beta) and 18 B.1.1.7 (alpha). With NGS as reference for 115 samples, the sensitivity for detecting the spike mutations was 98.7 % with the Master Assay and 100 % with the Variants I Assay. The emergence of beta variants correlated with increasing COVID-19 infections in Malaysia. The prevalence of alpha VOC and lineage B.1.466.2 was low. These assays detect mutations present in alpha, beta and gamma VOCs. Of the VOCs which have subsequently emerged, the assays should detect omicron (B.1.1.529) but not B.1.617.2 (delta). In conclusion, spike variant PCR assays can be used to rapidly monitor selected SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in resource-limited settings, but require updates as new variants emerge.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mutation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114462
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "SARS-CoV-2 multiplex RT-PCR to detect variants of concern (VOCs) in Malaysia, between January and May 2021" [J. Virol. Methods 301 (2022) 114462].

Fu, Jolene Yin Ling / Chong, Yoong Min / Sam, I-Ching / Chan, Yoke Fun

Journal of virological methods

2022 Volume 309, Page(s) 114596

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114596
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Article: Perspectives of vector management in the control and elimination of vector-borne zoonoses.

Wong, Meng Li / Zulzahrin, Zulhisham / Vythilingam, Indra / Lau, Yee Ling / Sam, I-Ching / Fong, Mun Yik / Lee, Wenn-Chyau

Frontiers in microbiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1135977

Abstract: The complex transmission profiles of vector-borne zoonoses (VZB) and vector-borne infections with animal reservoirs (VBIAR) complicate efforts to break the transmission circuit of these infections. To control and eliminate VZB and VBIAR, insecticide ... ...

Abstract	The complex transmission profiles of vector-borne zoonoses (VZB) and vector-borne infections with animal reservoirs (VBIAR) complicate efforts to break the transmission circuit of these infections. To control and eliminate VZB and VBIAR, insecticide application may not be conducted easily in all circumstances, particularly for infections with sylvatic transmission cycle. As a result, alternative approaches have been considered in the vector management against these infections. In this review, we highlighted differences among the environmental, chemical, and biological control approaches in vector management, from the perspectives of VZB and VBIAR. Concerns and knowledge gaps pertaining to the available control approaches were discussed to better understand the prospects of integrating these vector control approaches to synergistically break the transmission of VZB and VBIAR in humans, in line with the integrated vector management (IVM) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2004.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1135977
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Article ; Online: Comparative Evaluation of a Standard M10 Assay with Xpert Xpress for the Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Azwani Abdullah / I-Ching Sam / Yin Jie Ong / Chun Hao Theo / Muhammad Harith Pukhari / Yoke Fun Chan

Diagnostics, Vol 13, Iss 23, p

2023 Volume 3507

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B virus (IAV/IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the common viruses causing acute respiratory infections. Clinical diagnosis to differentiate these viruses is challenging due to similar clinical presentations; ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B virus (IAV/IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the common viruses causing acute respiratory infections. Clinical diagnosis to differentiate these viruses is challenging due to similar clinical presentations; thus, laboratory-based real-time RT PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of STANDARD M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (SD Biosensor Inc., Seoul, Korea) using archived positive and negative respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV. A total of 322 respiratory samples were tested, comprising 215 positive samples (49 SARS-CoV-2, 48 IAV, 53 IBV, 65 RSV) and 107 negative samples. All samples were tested with both STANDARD M10 and compared to either Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value rates of STANDARD M10 were very similar to Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV ranges for each virus (98–100%). The duration of testing and workflows were similar. The overall agreement was 99.4%, including 99.1% agreement for positive samples and 100% agreement for negative samples. In conclusion, the STANDARD M10 point-of-care test is suitable for rapid simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV.
Keywords	respiratory syncytial virus ; influenza A virus ; influenza B virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; rapid RT-PCR ; diagnostic accuracy ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Comparative Evaluation of a Standard M10 Assay with Xpert Xpress for the Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Abdullah, Azwani / Sam, I-Ching / Ong, Yin Jie / Theo, Chun Hao / Pukhari, Muhammad Harith / Chan, Yoke Fun

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 23

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B virus (IAV/IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are among the common viruses causing acute respiratory infections. Clinical diagnosis to differentiate these viruses is challenging due to similar clinical presentations; thus, laboratory-based real-time RT PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of STANDARD M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (SD Biosensor Inc., Seoul, Korea) using archived positive and negative respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV. A total of 322 respiratory samples were tested, comprising 215 positive samples (49 SARS-CoV-2, 48 IAV, 53 IBV, 65 RSV) and 107 negative samples. All samples were tested with both STANDARD M10 and compared to either Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value rates of STANDARD M10 were very similar to Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 or Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV ranges for each virus (98-100%). The duration of testing and workflows were similar. The overall agreement was 99.4%, including 99.1% agreement for positive samples and 100% agreement for negative samples. In conclusion, the STANDARD M10 point-of-care test is suitable for rapid simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, IAV, IBV, and RSV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics13233507
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Article ; Online: Replication and innate immune responses of two chikungunya virus genotypes in human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Lau, Joanne Zhi Han / Chua, Chong Long / Chan, Yoke Fun / Nadarajan, Veera Sekaran / Lee, Christina Lai Ling / Sam, I-Ching

The Journal of general virology

2023 Volume 104, Issue 4

Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne virus, which causes epidemics of fever, joint pain and rash. There are three genotypes: West African, East/Central/South/Africa (ECSA) and Asian, with the latter two predominant globally. Genotype- ...

Abstract	Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne virus, which causes epidemics of fever, joint pain and rash. There are three genotypes: West African, East/Central/South/Africa (ECSA) and Asian, with the latter two predominant globally. Genotype-specific differences in clinical presentations, virulence and immunopathology have been described. Macrophages are key cells in immune responses against CHIKV. Circulating blood monocytes enter tissue to differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in response to CHIKV infection at key replication sites such as lymphoid organs and joints. This study analyses differences in replication and induced immune mediators following infection of MDMs with Asian and ECSA CHIKV genotypes. Primary human MDMs were derived from residual blood donations. Replication of Asian (MY/06/37348) or ECSA (MY/08/065) genotype strains of CHIKV in MDMs was measured by plaque assay. Nineteen immune mediators were measured in infected cell supernatants using multiplexed immunoassay or ELISA. MY/08/065 showed significantly higher viral replication at 24 h post-infection (h p.i.) but induced significantly lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines (CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, RANTES and CXCL-10) and the anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra compared to MY/06/37348. No differences were seen at later time points up to 72 h p.i. During early infection, MY/08/065 induced lower proinflammatory immune responses in MDMs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Chikungunya virus/genetics ; Chikungunya Fever ; Immunity, Innate ; Macrophages ; Virus Replication ; Genotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.001842
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 multiplex RT-PCR to detect variants of concern (VOCs) in Malaysia, between January to May 2021

Fu, Jolene Yin Ling / Chong, Yoong Min / Sam, I-Ching / Chan, Yoke Fun

Journal of Virological Methods. 2022 Mar., v. 301 p.114462-

2022

Abstract	Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have been associated with enhanced transmissibility and immune escape. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the whole genome is the gold standard for variant identification for surveillance but is time-consuming and costly. Rapid and cost-effective assays that detect SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed. We evaluated Allplex SARS-CoV-2 Master Assay and Variants I Assay to detect HV69/70 deletion, Y144 deletion, E484K, N501Y, and P681H spike mutations in 248 positive samples collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between January and May 2021. Spike variants were detected in 78/248 (31.5 %), comprising 60 VOC B.1.351 (beta) and 18 B.1.1.7 (alpha). With NGS as reference for 115 samples, the sensitivity for detecting the spike mutations was 98.7 % with the Master Assay and 100 % with the Variants I Assay. The emergence of beta variants correlated with increasing COVID-19 infections in Malaysia. The prevalence of alpha VOC and lineage B.1.466.2 was low. These assays detect mutations present in alpha, beta and gamma VOCs. Of the VOCs which have subsequently emerged, the assays should detect omicron (B.1.1.529) but not B.1.617.2 (delta). In conclusion, spike variant PCR assays can be used to rapidly monitor selected SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in resource-limited settings, but require updates as new variants emerge.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; cost effectiveness ; genome ; monitoring ; Malaysia ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Next-generation sequencing ; RT-qPCR ; Variants of concern
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114462
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Low postpandemic wave SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia.

Sam, I-Ching / Chong, Yoong Min / Tan, Chee Wah / Chan, Yoke Fun

Journal of medical virology

2020 Volume 93, Issue 2, Page(s) 647–648

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.26426
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