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Article ; Online: The Psychoanalyst's Resistance to the Task of Proof.

Ratner, Austin

2018 Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–186

Abstract: Freud's letters and papers indicate that his emotions interfered with his endeavor to justify his theories to an unsympathetic public. His example suggests that a psychoanalyst who wishes to prove the validity of psychoanalysis to critics may experience ... ...

Abstract	Freud's letters and papers indicate that his emotions interfered with his endeavor to justify his theories to an unsympathetic public. His example suggests that a psychoanalyst who wishes to prove the validity of psychoanalysis to critics may experience strong and unpalatable emotions that in turn stimulate defense mechanisms, such as avoidance of proving activities. While Freud habitually observed the public's resistance to psychoanalytic ideas, he overlooked the possibility of his own resistance to presenting them. Those who are interested in pursuing scientific validation of psychoanalytic theories and efficacy may wish to consider whether psychoanalysts' emotional resistances have contributed to the psychoanalytic community's halting approach to validation and the presentation of proof.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; Defense Mechanisms ; Freudian Theory ; Humans ; Psychoanalysis/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	209906-8
ISSN	1943-3301 ; 0033-2836 ; 0886-795X
ISSN (online)	1943-3301
ISSN	0033-2836 ; 0886-795X
DOI	10.1521/prev.2018.105.2.157
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Article: Commentary: Psychedelics and psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral approaches as default.

Burton, John / Ratner, Austin / Cooper, Timothy / Guss, Jeffrey

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1020222

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1020222
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Article ; Online: Psychoanalysis in combatting mass non-adherence to medical advice.

Ratner, Austin / Gandhi, Nisarg

Lancet (London, England)

2020 Volume 396, Issue 10264, Page(s) 1730

MeSH term(s)	Clinical Protocols ; Denial, Psychological ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Patient Compliance/psychology ; Psychoanalysis ; Public Health
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32172-3
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Article ; Online: Lifestyle intervention in ovarian cancer enhanced survival (LIVES) study (NRG/GOG0225): Recruitment, retention and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial of diet and physical activity in ovarian cancer survivors.

Gynecologic oncology

2023 Volume 170, Page(s) 11–18

Abstract: Objective: The Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (LIVES) is a national study of a combined diet and physical activity intervention for stage II-IV ovarian cancer survival, an under-represented cancer in lifestyle behavioral ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (LIVES) is a national study of a combined diet and physical activity intervention for stage II-IV ovarian cancer survival, an under-represented cancer in lifestyle behavioral intervention research. Here, we present the data on recruitment, retention, and baseline demographic, clinical and lifestyle behavior characteristics of the LIVES study participants. Methods: The LIVES study (NRG Oncology/GOG 0225) is a Phase III diet plus physical activity intervention trial testing the hypothesis that ovarian cancer survivors in the lifestyle intervention will demonstrate better progression-free survival than those in the control condition. Study interventions were delivered via centralized telephone-based health coaching. Baseline descriptive statistics were computed for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle behavior characteristics. Results: The LIVES study exceeded its recruitment goals, enrolling 1205 ovarian cancer survivors from 195 NRG/NCORP-affiliated oncology practices across 49 states from 2012 to 2018. The mean age of enrollees was 59.6 years; the majority (69.4%) with stage III disease; 89% White, 5.5% Hispanic; 64% overweight/obese. Baseline self-reported diet showed a mean daily intake of 6.6 servings of fruit and vegetables, 62.7 fat grams, and 21.7 g of fiber. Physical activity averaged 13.0 MET-hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity; 50.9 h/week of sedentary time. Retention rates exceeded 88%. Conclusion: The LIVES study demonstrates efficiency in recruiting and retaining ovarian cancer survivors in a 24-month study of diet and physical activity intervention with a primary endpoint of progression free survival that will be reported. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT00719303.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cancer Survivors ; Diet ; Life Style ; Exercise ; Ovarian Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	801461-9
ISSN	1095-6859 ; 0090-8258
ISSN (online)	1095-6859
ISSN	0090-8258
DOI	10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.017
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Article ; Online: Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1 Interacts with HIV Tat and Plays a Role in Viral Transcription and Reactivation from Latency.

Kyei, George B / Meng, Shanshan / Ramani, Rashmi / Niu, Austin / Lagisetti, Chandraiah / Webb, Thomas R / Ratner, Lee

mBio

2018 Volume 9, Issue 6

Abstract: The main obstacle to an HIV cure is the transcriptionally inert proviruses that persist in resting CD4 T cells and other reservoirs. None of the current approaches has significantly reduced the size of the viral reservoir. Hence, alternative approaches, ... ...

Abstract	The main obstacle to an HIV cure is the transcriptionally inert proviruses that persist in resting CD4 T cells and other reservoirs. None of the current approaches has significantly reduced the size of the viral reservoir. Hence, alternative approaches, such as permanent blocking of viral transcription, to achieve a sustained remission, need urgent attention. To identify cellular factors that may be important for this approach, we sought for host targets that when altered could block HIV transcription and reactivation. Here, we identified splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) as a critical HIV dependency factor required for viral replication. SF3B1 is a splicing factor involved in directing chromatin and nascent gene transcripts to appropriate splice sites. Inhibitors of SF3B1 are currently in development for cancer and have been found to be nontoxic to normal cells compared to malignant cells. Knockdown of SF3B1 abrogated HIV replication in all cell types tested. SF3B1 interacted with viral protein Tat
MeSH term(s)	Chromatin/genetics ; Cyclohexylamines/pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/virology ; Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; RNA Splicing Factors/antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA Splicing Factors/genetics ; RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Spiro Compounds/pharmacology ; THP-1 Cells ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	5-((4-(5-(7,7-dimethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro(2.5)octan-5-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)cyclohexyl)amino)-5-oxopent-3-en-2-yl methylcarbamate ; Chromatin ; Cyclohexylamines ; Phosphoproteins ; RNA Splicing Factors ; RNA, Small Interfering ; SF3B1 protein, human ; Spiro Compounds ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mBio.01423-18
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Article ; Online: Combinations of isoform-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitors and bryostatin analogues display remarkable potency to activate latent HIV without global T-cell activation.

Albert, Brice J / Niu, Austin / Ramani, Rashmi / Marshall, Garland R / Wender, Paul A / Williams, Robert M / Ratner, Lee / Barnes, Alexander B / Kyei, George B

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 7456

Abstract: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS slows disease progression by reducing viral loads and increasing CD4 counts. Yet ART is not curative due to the persistence of CD4+ T-cell proviral reservoirs that chronically resupply active virus. ... ...

Abstract	Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS slows disease progression by reducing viral loads and increasing CD4 counts. Yet ART is not curative due to the persistence of CD4+ T-cell proviral reservoirs that chronically resupply active virus. Elimination of these reservoirs through the administration of synergistic combinations of latency reversing agents (LRAs), such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and protein kinase C (PKC) modulators, provides a promising strategy to reduce if not eradicate the viral reservoir. Here, we demonstrate that largazole and its analogues are isoform-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitors and potent LRAs. Significantly, these isoform-targeted HDAC inhibitors synergize with PKC modulators, namely bryostatin-1 analogues (bryologs). Implementation of this unprecedented LRA combination induces HIV-1 reactivation to unparalleled levels and avoids global T-cell activation within resting CD4+ T-cells.
MeSH term(s)	Bryostatins/chemistry ; Bryostatins/pharmacology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Depsipeptides/chemistry ; Depsipeptides/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV-1/physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Deacetylase 1/antagonists & inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Molecular Structure ; Thiazoles/chemistry ; Thiazoles/pharmacology ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Bryostatins ; Depsipeptides ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Thiazoles ; largazole ; HDAC1 protein, human (EC 3.5.1.98) ; Histone Deacetylase 1 (EC 3.5.1.98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-07814-4
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Article ; Online: Combinations of isoform-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitors and bryostatin analogues display remarkable potency to activate latent HIV without global T-cell activation

Brice J. Albert / Austin Niu / Rashmi Ramani / Garland R. Marshall / Paul A. Wender / Robert M. Williams / Lee Ratner / Alexander B. Barnes / George B. Kyei

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS slows disease progression by reducing viral loads and increasing CD4 counts. Yet ART is not curative due to the persistence of CD4+ T-cell proviral reservoirs that chronically resupply active ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS slows disease progression by reducing viral loads and increasing CD4 counts. Yet ART is not curative due to the persistence of CD4+ T-cell proviral reservoirs that chronically resupply active virus. Elimination of these reservoirs through the administration of synergistic combinations of latency reversing agents (LRAs), such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and protein kinase C (PKC) modulators, provides a promising strategy to reduce if not eradicate the viral reservoir. Here, we demonstrate that largazole and its analogues are isoform-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitors and potent LRAs. Significantly, these isoform-targeted HDAC inhibitors synergize with PKC modulators, namely bryostatin-1 analogues (bryologs). Implementation of this unprecedented LRA combination induces HIV-1 reactivation to unparalleled levels and avoids global T-cell activation within resting CD4+ T-cells.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book: Concepts in medical physiology

Seifter, Julian / Ratner, Austin / Sloane, David

2005

Author's details	Julian Seifter, Austin Ratner, David Sloane
MeSH term(s)	Physiological Phenomena
Language	English
Size	xv, 669 p. :, ill.
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publishing place	Philadelphia
Document type	Book
ISBN	9780781744898 ; 078174489X
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article ; Online: Activity of Selumetinib in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Related Plexiform Neurofibromas.

The New England journal of medicine

2016 Volume 375, Issue 26, Page(s) 2550–2560

Abstract: Background: Effective medical therapies are lacking for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas, which are characterized by elevated RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling.: Methods: We conducted a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Effective medical therapies are lacking for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas, which are characterized by elevated RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Methods: We conducted a phase 1 trial of selumetinib (AZD6244 or ARRY-142886), an oral selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK) 1 and 2, in children who had neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate plasma pharmacokinetics. Selumetinib was administered twice daily at a dose of 20 to 30 mg per square meter of body-surface area on a continuous dosing schedule (in 28-day cycles). We also tested selumetinib using a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1-related neurofibroma. Response to treatment (i.e., an increase or decrease from baseline in the volume of plexiform neurofibromas) was monitored by using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis to measure the change in size of the plexiform neurofibroma. Results: A total of 24 children (median age, 10.9 years; range, 3.0 to 18.5) with a median tumor volume of 1205 ml (range, 29 to 8744) received selumetinib. Patients were able to receive selumetinib on a long-term basis; the median number of cycles was 30 (range, 6 to 56). The maximum tolerated dose was 25 mg per square meter (approximately 60% of the recommended adult dose). The most common toxic effects associated with selumetinib included acneiform rash, gastrointestinal effects, and asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation. The results of pharmacokinetic evaluations of selumetinib among the children in this trial were similar to those published for adults. Treatment with selumetinib resulted in confirmed partial responses (tumor volume decreases from baseline of ≥20%) in 17 of the 24 children (71%) and decreases from baseline in neurofibroma volume in 12 of 18 mice (67%). Disease progression (tumor volume increase from baseline of ≥20%) has not been observed to date. Anecdotal evidence of decreases in tumor-related pain, disfigurement, and functional impairment was observed. Conclusions: Our early-phase data suggested that children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas benefited from long-term dose-adjusted treatment with selumetinib without having excess toxic effects. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01362803 .).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage ; Benzimidazoles/adverse effects ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform/diagnostic imaging ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform/drug therapy ; Neurofibromatosis 1/drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	AZD 6244 ; Benzimidazoles ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMoa1605943
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Article: Characteristics of glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes.

Kaufman, Francine Ratner / Austin, Juliana / Lloyd, Jessica / Halvorson, Mary / Carpenter, Sue / Pitukcheewanont, Pisit

Pediatric diabetes

2002 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 179–183

Abstract: Background: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that the rate-limiting step to the intensification of diabetes management in adolescents and adults was hypoglycemia. Young children were presumed to be at even greater risk ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that the rate-limiting step to the intensification of diabetes management in adolescents and adults was hypoglycemia. Young children were presumed to be at even greater risk for hypoglycemia with severe consequences, particularly if they had HbA1c levels < 8%. Subjects: A retrospective chart review was performed on 148 patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin injection therapy who were < 8 yr of age (mean age 5.7 +/- 1.5, mean diabetes duration 3.0 +/- 1.4 yr) followed quarterly from July 1999 to June 2001. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups based on their mean HbA1c values (< 8 vs. > or = 8%) averaged over the 2-yr time period. The following variables were analyzed comparing the two groups: age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose, severe hypoglycemic episodes, episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), percentage of glucose levels above, within, and below the target range, and number of diabetes home-management competencies obtained. Results: Patients with HbA1c < 8% spent more time within target range (40.0 vs. 29.5%, p = 0.0001) and less time above their target range (36.9 vs. 51.2%, p = 0.0003). There was no difference in the percentage of glucose levels below target (23.2 vs. 19.4%, p = NS), percentage of severe hypoglycemic episodes (3 vs. 7 episodes per 100 patient-yr, p = NS), or episodes of DKA (1 vs. 3 episodes per 100 patient-yr, p = NS) between the two groups. SUBJECTS with lower HbA1c levels had acquired more home-management competencies (4.0 vs. 3.5, p = 0.01). Conclusions: If families are competent in fundamental diabetes management, young children can achieve HbA1c levels < 8.0% without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-12
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1502504-4
ISSN	1399-5448 ; 1399-543X ; 1745-1426
ISSN (online)	1399-5448
ISSN	1399-543X ; 1745-1426
DOI	10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.30402.x
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