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Book ; Online: Executive Functions in Psychiatric Disorders

Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Miranda, Debora Marques de / Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes

2017

Abstract: Executive Functions comprise a range of neuropsychological processes related to intentional behavior and cognitive control. There are several theoretical models defining and explaining the concept of Executive Functions. Most of these models consider ... ...

Abstract	Executive Functions comprise a range of neuropsychological processes related to intentional behavior and cognitive control. There are several theoretical models defining and explaining the concept of Executive Functions. Most of these models consider that the term Executive Functions encompasses cognitive process as working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and other complex functions as planning, problem-solving and abstract reasoning. Other models argue that motivational and emotional functions, such as affective decision-making, reside under the concept of Executive Function. Much evidence supports how complex cognitive functions are related to the physiological activity of brain networks, including the frontal cortex and its connections with subcortical structures. Several psychiatric disorders related to impairment in these brain networks (eg., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and drug addiction) leading to deficits in Executive Functions. These cognitive deficits affect patients' everyday functioning, worsening the clinical course of the disease. For example, deficits in Executive Functions are related to suicide behavior in bipolar disorder patients. Furthermore, these deficits also relate to obesity, a lack of adherence to treatment and an underperformance in the workplace and educational settings. The understanding of the role of deficits in Executive Functions, including its neurobiological basis, developmental trajectories, and relationship with clinical outcomes, is fundamental to improve clinical management of psychiatric patients. This research topic includes 13 articles with interdisciplinary contributions related to the understanding of the deficits in Executive Functions and its relationship with clinical manifestations in psychiatric disorders
Keywords	Science (General) ; Psychology ; Medicine (General) ; Psychiatry
Size	1 electronic resource (142 p.)
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020097444
ISBN	9782889453061 ; 2889453065
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Rethinking treatment-resistant depression to quasi-tenacious depression.

Arjmand, Shokouh / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Wegener, Gregers

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists

2023 Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) e14

Abstract: With almost one-third of patients with major depression not adequately responsive to treatments, the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has continued to be challenging. Recently, an essential step was taken to replace TRD with difficult- ... ...

Abstract	With almost one-third of patients with major depression not adequately responsive to treatments, the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has continued to be challenging. Recently, an essential step was taken to replace TRD with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), pointing to some drawbacks associated with this terminology and identifying addressable barriers. In line with the DTD concept, we discuss why terming this population of patients as TRD could be semantically and clinically misleading. We then suggest replacing TRD with quasi-tenacious depression (QTD), a model and terminology that are derived from a potentially measurable outcome, the tenacity index (TI). QTD predicts that in theory remission is achievable by providing suitable treatments at hand. QTD states that every patient with major depression (even those who respond well) has some degree of tenacity that needs to be overcome by the use of proper treatment modalities. Ergo, in patients with a higher TI, due to the dearth of available armamentaria, one might suffice to achieve a partial resolution of symptoms balanced with an optimal quality of life. However, QTD calls for an incessant pursuit of novel treatments and the identification of contributing factors leading to high TI. On a track toward personalized psychiatry, and in harmony with DTD, QTD embraces all key barriers leading to a failure to treatment response and tries to provide a measurable entity for a better clinical decision while conveying a dynamic positive outlook of the disorder for both patients and health care providers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Depression ; Quality of Life ; Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1074337-6
ISSN	1778-3585 ; 0767-399X ; 0924-9338
ISSN (online)	1778-3585
ISSN	0767-399X ; 0924-9338
DOI	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2353
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Article ; Online: Childhood maltreatment and health outcomes.

Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo

Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)

2019 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 193

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Abuse/economics ; Child Abuse/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Periodicals as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-08
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ISSN	1809-452X
ISSN (online)	1809-452X
DOI	10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4103
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Article ; Online: Can early-life high fructose exposure induce long-term depression and anxiety-like behaviours? - A preclinical systematic review.

Hyldgaard Andersen, Simone / Black, Tallan / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Wegener, Gregers

Brain research

2023 Volume 1814, Page(s) 148427

Abstract: Early-life environmental factors, such as maternal diet or early-life nutrition, have been described as significant risk factors for anxiety and depression later in life. With the rising intake of fructose since the 1960 s, several adverse effects have ... ...

Abstract	Early-life environmental factors, such as maternal diet or early-life nutrition, have been described as significant risk factors for anxiety and depression later in life. With the rising intake of fructose since the 1960 s, several adverse effects have been described, but little is known about the impact of early-life high fructose exposure on the risk of developing depression and anxiety later in life. Since animal models provide ways to test this hypothesis longitudinally in an experimental and controlled environment, we performed a systematic review to investigate whether high fructose exposure during early life influences the risk of developing depression or anxiety-like behaviours in animals. We adopted a high-sensitivity strategy to find potential studies. We included 1805 papers for screening, but only found nine eligible studies that tested only high fructose exposure during development, all conducted in rats. Data extraction and analysis revealed that 6 studies found evidence indicating that fructose exposure in early life increases the risk of anxiety or depression. The remaining 3 studies found no altered behavior after fructose exposure. The discrepancies may be caused by multiple factors, such as time of diet exposure, animal strain, behavioural testing differences, and fructose's metabolic influence. Due to weak and contradictory evidence, we could not conclude if early-life fructose exposure influences the risk of anxiety or depression-like behaviors. We propose future directions and suggestions for future studies to strengthen their findings.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Fructose/adverse effects ; Depression/chemically induced ; Depression/metabolism ; Anxiety/chemically induced ; Anxiety/metabolism ; Anxiety Disorders ; Diet
Chemical Substances	Fructose (30237-26-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1200-2
ISSN	1872-6240 ; 0006-8993
ISSN (online)	1872-6240
ISSN	0006-8993
DOI	10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148427
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Article: Editorial: Polysubstance Abuse and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno / Viola, Thiago Wendt / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Tractenberg, Saulo Gantes

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 916921

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2452960-6
ISSN	1662-5153
ISSN	1662-5153
DOI	10.3389/fnbeh.2022.916921
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Article ; Online: Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and Self-Report (QIDS-SR16) for the Brazilian population.

Bandinelli, Lucas / Schäfer, Julia Luiza / Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo

Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy

2022 Volume 45, Page(s) e20200378

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QID-SR16), a self-report instrument based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria that assesses ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QID-SR16), a self-report instrument based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria that assesses the severity of depression symptoms, in the Brazilian population. Methods: Participants were 4,400 Brazilians over the age of 15 years recruited for an online survey assessing depressive symptoms during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Brazil. The internal consistency, construct validity, and convergent and discriminant validity of the QIDS-SR16 were evaluated. Results: The model tested was considered an adequate fit to the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.947, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.927, and root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.051) and its internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.71 and an average item correlation of 0.23. The correlations between the total QIDS-SR16 score and the total scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) instruments (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), the Posttraumatic Symptoms Checklist (PCL-5) (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) indicate good concurrent and convergent validity. Conclusion: The QIDS-SR16 has robust psychometric properties in terms of its internal consistency, construct validity, and convergent and discriminant validity. The Portuguese version of the QIDS-SR16 is an adequate instrument for assessment of depressive symptoms in the context of an online survey.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Self Report ; Brazil ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-26
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2708374-3
ISSN	2238-0019 ; 2238-0019
ISSN (online)	2238-0019
ISSN	2238-0019
DOI	10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0378
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Decision-making under risk and theory of mind in adolescent offenders in provisional deprivation of liberty.

Loureiro, Rubens José / Kataoka, Flavio Takemi / Viola, Thiago Wendt / Vargas, Gisele Iesbich / Sanvicente-Vieira, Breno / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno

Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) e20200155

Abstract: Introduction: Delinquent behaviors are risky behaviors that increase during puberty and reach their highest peak in late adolescence. It has been proposed that poor decision-making and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive processes implicated with ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Delinquent behaviors are risky behaviors that increase during puberty and reach their highest peak in late adolescence. It has been proposed that poor decision-making and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive processes implicated with delinquency during adolescence, affecting evaluation of risks and impairing appreciation of social norms. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear whether adolescent offenders who are subjected to provisional deprivation of liberty due to conflict with the law (adolescents in conflict with the law [ACL]) might, in fact, present a specific profile with regard to these cognitive processes. Objectives: To assess deliberative decision-making and ToM among adolescents in conflict with the law and adolescents not in conflict with the law. Methods: The sample comprised 62 participants: ACL (n = 29) and a control group (CG) (n = 33). ToM was assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and decision-making was assessed with the Columbia Card Task (CCT). Substance use, callous-unemotional traits, childhood maltreatment, and intelligence quotient (IQ) were also assessed. Results: ACL had more ToM errors for negative mental states in comparison to CG, but not for error rates concerning neutral and positive mental states. With regards to decision-making, our results suggest that ACL group members did not vary their behavior based on the available information and that the risk information had an opposite effect on the number of cards chosen (risk-taking behavior) when compared to CG. Conclusion: These findings have important implications for development of interventions for these adolescents, suggesting that they tend to learn little from negative outcomes and have reduced capacity to process negative emotions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Theory of Mind ; Criminals ; Social Behavior ; Risk-Taking ; Substance-Related Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2708374-3
ISSN	2238-0019 ; 2238-0019
ISSN (online)	2238-0019
ISSN	2238-0019
DOI	10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0155
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Article: A cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive function in Brazilian youths.

Santos, Rhaná Carolina / Dalfovo, Nicole Prigol / de Freitas Machado, Julia / de Azeredo, Lucas Araújo / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Portuguez, Mirna Wetters / Buchweitz, Augusto

Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS

2023 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: We carried out an exploratory study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive functions in Brazilian preadolescents. The study included 56 participants (31 males) aged 8 to 14 years old (mean = 11.3, SD = 1.0). We ... ...

Abstract	We carried out an exploratory study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive functions in Brazilian preadolescents. The study included 56 participants (31 males) aged 8 to 14 years old (mean = 11.3, SD = 1.0). We administered neuropsychological tests to evaluate executive functions and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) to evaluate exposure to violence. We used the following neuropsychological instruments: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Stroop Color-Word Interference task, digits subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and an N-back task. We generated a composite score from neuropsychological test scores and investigated the association of that score, and individual test scores, with exposure to violence and socioeconomic status (SES). Results suggest, first, that exposure to violence is associated with a 0.5-point lower intelligence quotient score for every reported victimization event in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results also show that the digits backward subtest scores showed a significant negative correlation with exposure to violence (JVQ; rho = -0.29, p < 0.05); both analyses were adjusted for the level of schooling of parents or guardians, which was also found to be significantly associated with lower intelligence quotient scores. We discuss results in the light of the existing literature on the effects of exposure to violence on adolescent development, and the amounting evidence that suggests an association of exposure to violence, and of victimization, with tests that evaluate constructs of executive functions. The study struggled with low compliance from participants, and we underscore the challenges of carrying out empirical studies aimed at better understanding the development of underrepresented youths, such as those from Central and Latin America.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2038349-6
ISSN	1678-7153 ; 0102-7972
ISSN (online)	1678-7153
ISSN	0102-7972
DOI	10.1186/s41155-023-00249-z
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Article ; Online: A single dose of cocaine raises SV2A density in hippocampus of adolescent rats.

Rossi, Rachele / Bærentzen, Simone Larsen / Thomsen, Majken B / Real, Caroline C / Wegener, Gregers / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Gjedde, Albert / Landau, Anne M

Acta neuropsychiatrica

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 109–117

Abstract: Objective: Cocaine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that affects synaptic activity with structural and functional adaptations of neurons. The transmembrane synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) of pre-synaptic vesicles is commonly used to measure ...

Abstract	Objective: Cocaine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that affects synaptic activity with structural and functional adaptations of neurons. The transmembrane synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) of pre-synaptic vesicles is commonly used to measure synaptic density, as a novel approach to the detection of synaptic changes. We do not know if a single dose of cocaine suffices to affect pre-synaptic SV2A density, especially during adolescence when synapses undergo intense maturation. Here, we explored potential changes of pre-synaptic SV2A density in target brain areas associated with the cocaine-induced boost of dopaminergic neurotransmission, specifically testing if the effects would last after the return of dopamine levels to baseline. Methods: We administered cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline to rats in early adolescence, tested their activity levels and removed the brains 1 hour and 7 days after injection. To evaluate immediate and lasting effects, we did autoradiography with [ Results: We found a significant increase of [ Conclusion: Cocaine provoked lasting changes of hippocampal synaptic SV2A density after a single exposure during adolescence.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rats ; Amygdala/drug effects ; Amygdala/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Cocaine/metabolism ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/drug effects ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR) ; Sv2a protein, rat ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Nerve Tissue Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1154361-9
ISSN	1601-5215 ; 0924-2708
ISSN (online)	1601-5215
ISSN	0924-2708
DOI	10.1017/neu.2023.14
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Article ; Online: Examining predictors of cocaine withdrawal syndrome at the end of detoxification treatment in women with cocaine use disorder.

Heberle, Bernardo Aguzzoli / Kluwe-Schiavon, Bruno / Bicca, Carla / Melo Rothmann, Leonardo / Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo / Viola, Thiago Wendt

Journal of psychiatric research

2023 Volume 169, Page(s) 247–256

Abstract: Background: Detoxification is frequently recommended as a treatment for moderate to severe Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD). However, the response to detoxification varies among patients, and previous studies have focused mostly on patterns of drug use ... ...

Abstract	Background: Detoxification is frequently recommended as a treatment for moderate to severe Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD). However, the response to detoxification varies among patients, and previous studies have focused mostly on patterns of drug use behavior to test associations with treatment outcomes, overlooking the potential impact of psychosocial factors, other clinical variables, and individual life experiences. In this study we comprehensively examined several variables aiming to find the most relevant predictors to classify patients with severe versus non-severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms at the end of detoxification. Methods: Data from 284 women with CUD who enrolled in a 3-week detoxification program was used in this longitudinal study. Psychosocial, clinical, and drug use behavior characteristics were evaluated, generating a dataset with 256 potential predictors. We tested six different machine learning classification algorithms. Results: The best classification algorithm achieved an average accuracy and ROC-AUC of approximately 70%. The 16 features selected as best predictors were the severity of psychiatric, family, and social problems and the level of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Features associated with drug-use behavior included days consuming drugs and having craving symptoms in the last month before treatment, number of previous drug/alcohol-related treatments, and a composite score of addiction severity. The level of cocaine withdrawal syndrome at the beginning of detoxification was also a key feature for classification. A network analysis revealed the pattern of association between predictors. Conclusion: These variables can be assessed in real-world clinical settings, potentially helping clinicians to identify individuals with severe cocaine withdrawal that is likely to be sustained over the course of detoxification.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Cocaine ; Longitudinal Studies ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/therapy ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology
Chemical Substances	Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.043
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