LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 58

Search options

  1. Article: Belief Inflexibility and Cognitive Biases in Anorexia Nervosa-The Role of the Bias against Disconfirmatory Evidence and Its Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates.

    Tenconi, Elena / Meregalli, Valentina / Buffa, Adriana / Collantoni, Enrico / Cavallaro, Roberto / Meneguzzo, Paolo / Favaro, Angela

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 5

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming information. A total of 45 healthy women and 103 patients with a diagnosis of AN, consecutively admitted to the Eating Disorder Padova Hospital-University Unit, underwent a broad clinical and neuropsychological assessment. All participants were administered the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task, which specifically investigates belief integration cognitive bias. Acute AN patients showed a significantly greater bias toward disconfirming their previous judgment, in comparison to healthy women (BADE score, respectively, 2.5 ± 2.0 vs. 3.3 ± 1.6; Mann-Whitney test,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12051746
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Persistent avoidance of virtual food in anorexia nervosa-restrictive type: Results from motion tracking in a virtual stopping task.

    Schroeder, Philipp A / Collantoni, Enrico / Meregalli, Valentina / Rabarbari, Elisa / Simonazzi, Carolina / Svaldi, Jennifer / Cardi, Valentina

    The International journal of eating disorders

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 624–634

    Abstract: Objective: Food avoidance is central to patients with anorexia nervosa-restrictive type (AN-R). Competing accounts in experimental psychopathology research suggest that food avoidance may result from automatic, habitual responses or from elevated ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Food avoidance is central to patients with anorexia nervosa-restrictive type (AN-R). Competing accounts in experimental psychopathology research suggest that food avoidance may result from automatic, habitual responses or from elevated inhibitory control abilities. This study investigated behavioral trajectories of food avoidance in a novel virtual reality stopping task.
    Method: Sixty patients with AN-R and 29 healthy controls with normal weight were investigated using a novel, kinematic task in virtual reality. We recorded spatial displacement in stop- and go-trials to virtual food and control objects. Inhibitory control abilities were operationalized by the VR task in stopping performance (i.e., interrupted movement in stop-trials), whereas we also measured habitual avoidance of virtual food across both go- and stop-trials (i.e., delayed movement relative to nonfood objects).
    Results: In patients with AN-R, hand displacements were shorter to food versus nonfood across stop- and go-trials, reflected in a Stimulus × Group interaction. Healthy controls showed no differences. Importantly, the food-specific effect in AN-R was identical across stop- and go-trials, indicating habitual food avoidance. Moreover, stop error rates (i.e., stop-trials with response) were lower in patients with AN-R.
    Discussion: The findings suggest food-specific habitual avoidance and heightened generalized inhibitory control in AN-R. The continuously delayed displacements during active hand movements across stop- and go-trials indicated the persistence of patients' avoidance of food.
    Public significance: Experimental research investigates the mechanisms underlying mental disorders such as anorexia nervosa. In this study, we measured interrupted hand movements in response to food pictures or neutral pictures (shoes) in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls. A virtual reality scenario was used. Findings indicated that patients were slower at approaching food, interrupted or not. Key mechanisms of food avoidance can be translated into habit-based treatment options in future research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anorexia Nervosa/therapy ; Food ; Habits ; Attention ; Avoidance Learning/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603170-5
    ISSN 1098-108X ; 0276-3478
    ISSN (online) 1098-108X
    ISSN 0276-3478
    DOI 10.1002/eat.24143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Virtual Rejection and Overinclusion in Eating Disorders: An Experimental Investigation of the Impact on Emotions, Stress Perception, and Food Attitudes.

    Meneguzzo, Paolo / Meregalli, Valentina / Collantoni, Enrico / Cardi, Valentina / Tenconi, Elena / Favaro, Angela

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4

    Abstract: 1) Background: the investigation of how interpersonal functioning affects eating psychopathology has been receiving increasing attention in the last decade. This study evaluates the impact of virtual social inclusion or ostracism on emotions, perceived ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: the investigation of how interpersonal functioning affects eating psychopathology has been receiving increasing attention in the last decade. This study evaluates the impact of virtual social inclusion or ostracism on emotions, perceived stress, eating psychopathology, and the drive to binge or restrict in patients across the eating disorder spectrum. (2) Methods: a group of 122 adolescent and adult females with different eating disorder diagnoses were compared to 50 healthy peers with regards to their performance on, and responses to the Cyberball task, a virtual ball-tossing game. Each participant was randomly assigned to playing a social inclusion or a social exclusion block of the Cyberball task and completed self-report assessments of emotions, perceived stress and urge to restrict/binge before and after the task. (3) Results: patients with anorexia nervosa showed a more negative impact on psychological well-being evaluated with the need threat scale after the excluding block, while patients with bulimia nervosa reported more negative effects after the overincluding condition. Patients with binge eating disorder showed a reduction in specific negative emotions after the overincluding block, unlike all other participants. (4) Conclusions: findings show significant correlations between restraint thoughts in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge thoughts in patients with binge eating disorder after being exposed to the inclusion condition. Different reactions in cognitive and emotional states of patients with eating disorders after different interpersonal scenarios confirm the impact of inclusive or exclusive relationships on eating psychopathology, with specific and different responses across the eating disorder spectrum, that have been discussed, linked to their eating behavioral cognition.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology ; Attitude ; Binge-Eating Disorder/psychology ; Bulimia Nervosa/psychology ; Cognition Disorders ; Emotions ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15041021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Strategic avoidance of food stimuli in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa: An eye-tracking evaluation.

    Meregalli, Valentina / Tenconi, Elena / Cardi, Valentina / Bonifanti, Antonio / Meneguzzo, Paolo / Favaro, Angela / Collantoni, Enrico

    European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 813–821

    Abstract: Objective: A biased attentional processing of food stimuli may represent a disorder maintenance factor in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed at investigating the temporal course of attentional deployment towards both high- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: A biased attentional processing of food stimuli may represent a disorder maintenance factor in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed at investigating the temporal course of attentional deployment towards both high-calorie and low-calorie foods in patients with AN using eye-tracking.
    Method: Fifty-two patients with restrictive AN and 54 healthy controls (HC) performed a dot-probe task while their gaze was recorded with an eye-tracking system. The direction bias (percentage of trials in which the gaze was directed towards the food at first fixation, 500, and 1500 ms), and the duration bias (percentage of time spent looking at the food) were extracted.
    Results: Regarding the direction bias, a group by time interaction emerged (F = 3.29, p = 0.038): while in the control group the bias continued to increase over the course of the trial, patients with AN showed a reduction of the bias between the 500 and 1500 ms. No group differences were observed on the duration bias.
    Conclusions: In advanced stages of attentional deployment patients with AN start to differ from HC by diverting their attention away from food stimuli, a strategic process that may contribute to food avoidance and calorie restriction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1159507-3
    ISSN 1099-0968 ; 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    ISSN (online) 1099-0968
    ISSN 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    DOI 10.1002/erv.3011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Addressing Weight Bias in the Cisgender Population: Differences between Sexual Orientations.

    Meneguzzo, Paolo / Collantoni, Enrico / Meregalli, Valentina / Favaro, Angela / Tenconi, Elena

    Nutrients

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 9

    Abstract: 1) Background: Weight bias (WB) is an implicit psychological construct that can influence attitudes, beliefs, body experience, and evaluation of specific psychopathology relationships. Sexual orientation has played a crucial role in developing and ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Weight bias (WB) is an implicit psychological construct that can influence attitudes, beliefs, body experience, and evaluation of specific psychopathology relationships. Sexual orientation has played a crucial role in developing and maintaining psychiatric conditions linked to body evaluation, but few studies have evaluated possible connected biases. Thus, the paper aims to assess potential relationships between sexual orientation and WB, looking at potential roles in specific psychopathology; (2) Methods: A total of 836 cisgender subjects participated in an online survey, aged between 18 and 42 years old. Two specific aspects of WB were evaluated with validated scales about beliefs about obese people and fat phobia. Demographic variables, as well as depression and eating concerns were evaluated; (3) Results: Gay men and bisexual women showed higher levels of fat phobia, depression, and eating concerns. Regression analysis showed that sexual orientation significantly predicted fat phobia (p < 0.001) and beliefs about obese people (p = 0.014); (4) Conclusions: This study confirms the vulnerability of gay men and bisexual women to cognitive bias about their own bodies, showing a potential vulnerability about body and weight concerns.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Bisexuality/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Weight Prejudice ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14091735
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Virtual food exposure with positive mood induction or social support to reduce food anxiety in anorexia nervosa: A feasibility study.

    Natali, Ludovica / Meregalli, Valentina / Rowlands, Katie / Di Pietro, Jerome / Treasure, Janet / Collantoni, Enrico / Meneguzzo, Paolo / Tenconi, Elena / Favaro, Angela / Fontana, Francesca / Ceccato, Enrico / Sala, Alessandra / Valmaggia, Lucia / Cardi, Valentina

    The International journal of eating disorders

    2024  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 703–715

    Abstract: Objective: Aversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Aversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study examined the feasibility to induce social support or positive mood to enhance the impact of a single session virtual food exposure on food-related anxiety in anorexia nervosa.
    Method: One hundred and forty-five patients were randomized to: (1) virtual food exposure (i.e., baseline condition), (2) virtual food exposure plus positive mood induction (i.e., positive mood condition), or (3) virtual food exposure plus social support (i.e., social support condition). They completed self-report assessments of anxiety toward virtual foods, general anxiety, positive mood, social support, and hunger, before and after virtual food exposure. Number of eye gazes and touches toward foods were recorded during the virtual reality exposure.
    Results: Patients had lower levels of anxiety toward virtual foods in the positive mood condition, compared to the baseline condition [F
    Discussion: Virtual food exposure enhanced by positive mood induction seems a feasible approach to strengthen the impact of food exposure in anorexia nervosa.
    Public significance: This research contributes to the understanding of how patients with anorexia nervosa can be supported to overcome fear and anxiety around food. Virtual reality enables patients to expose themselves to difficult situations (e.g., kitchen with foods of various calorie contents) while experiencing positive stimuli, such as a loving and kind pet or a supportive avatar.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anorexia Nervosa/therapy ; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology ; Feasibility Studies ; Anxiety/etiology ; Anxiety/therapy ; Anxiety/psychology ; Emotions ; Social Support
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603170-5
    ISSN 1098-108X ; 0276-3478
    ISSN (online) 1098-108X
    ISSN 0276-3478
    DOI 10.1002/eat.24155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Belief Inflexibility and Cognitive Biases in Anorexia Nervosa—The Role of the Bias against Disconfirmatory Evidence and Its Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates

    Elena Tenconi / Valentina Meregalli / Adriana Buffa / Enrico Collantoni / Roberto Cavallaro / Paolo Meneguzzo / Angela Favaro

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1746, p

    2023  Volume 1746

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming information. A total of 45 healthy women and 103 patients with a diagnosis of AN, consecutively admitted to the Eating Disorder Padova Hospital–University Unit, underwent a broad clinical and neuropsychological assessment. All participants were administered the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task, which specifically investigates belief integration cognitive bias. Acute AN patients showed a significantly greater bias toward disconfirming their previous judgment, in comparison to healthy women (BADE score, respectively, 2.5 ± 2.0 vs. 3.3 ± 1.6; Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.012). A binge-eating/purging subtype of AN individuals, compared to restrictive AN patients and controls, showed greater disconfirmatory bias and also a significant propensity to uncritically accept implausible interpretations (BADE score, respectively, 1.55 ± 1.6 and 2.70 ± 1.97 vs. 3.33 ± 1.63; Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.002 and liberal acceptance score, respectively, 1.32 ± 0.93 and 0.92 ± 1.21 vs. 0.98 ± 0.75; Kruskal–Wallis test p = 0.03). Abstract thinking skills and cognitive flexibility, as well as high central coherence, are neuropsychological aspects positively correlated with cognitive bias, in both patients and controls. Research into belief integration bias in AN population could enable us to shed light on hidden dimensional aspects, facilitating a better understanding of the psychopathology of a disorder that is so complex and difficult to treat.
    Keywords anorexia nervosa ; cognitive bias ; bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) ; bias against confirmatory evidence (BACE) ; liberal acceptance ; neuropsychology ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Brain gyrification in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

    Miola, Alessandro / Cattarinussi, Giulia / Loré, Maria Lavinia / Ghiotto, Niccolò / Collantoni, Enrico / Sambataro, Fabio

    Brain imaging and behavior

    2022  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 2768–2784

    Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Genetic variations have been involved in the risk of this disorder, including those mediating brain function and neurodevelopment. Early neurodevelopment and ... ...

    Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Genetic variations have been involved in the risk of this disorder, including those mediating brain function and neurodevelopment. Early neurodevelopment and neuroprogression processes could be reflected in brain gyrification patterns and help optimize the prediction and diagnosis of such disorders that is often delayed. Previous neuroimaging studies using this measure in patients with bipolar disorder revealed controversial results. This systematic review aimed to summarize available neuroimaging investigations on gyrification in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and/or other psychiatric groups. Fourteen studies including 733 patients with BD, 585 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 90 with schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and 1380 healthy subjects were identified. Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of gyrification emerged between patients with BD and HC. Interestingly, increased gyrification or no differences were also observed in patients with BD compared to those with the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Furthermore, relatives of patients with BD showed lower or no differences in gyrification compared to healthy subjects without a family history of affective illness. Differences in the design and in methodological approaches could have contributed to the heterogeneity of the findings. The current review supports an altered brain gyrification pattern that underlies the pathophysiology of BD spanning large anatomical and functional neural networks, associated with altered cognitive functioning, difficulties in processing and affective regulation, and clinical symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to test different bipolar phenotypes and pharmacological effects on gyrification.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bipolar Disorder ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Schizophrenia ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Neuroimaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2377165-3
    ISSN 1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
    ISSN (online) 1931-7565
    ISSN 1931-7557
    DOI 10.1007/s11682-022-00713-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Volume and complexity of the thalamus in Anorexia Nervosa: An exploratory evaluation.

    Collantoni, Enrico / Meregalli, Valentina / Manara, Renzo / Meneguzzo, Paolo / Tenconi, Elena / Favaro, Angela

    European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 349–359

    Abstract: Objective: Recent neuroscientific findings have highlighted the role of the thalamus in several cognitive functions, ranging from perception to cognitive flexibility, memory, and body representation. Since some of these functions may be involved in the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Recent neuroscientific findings have highlighted the role of the thalamus in several cognitive functions, ranging from perception to cognitive flexibility, memory, and body representation. Since some of these functions may be involved in the pathophysiology of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), this study aims at exploring thalamic structure in different phases of the disorder.
    Method: The sample included 38 patients with acute AN, 20 patients who fully recovered from AN (recAN), and 38 healthy controls (HC), all female. All participants underwent high-resolution MRI. The volumes of the whole thalamus and 25 thalamic nuclei were extracted using an automated segmentation algorithm, and thalamic fractal dimension was estimated using the calcFD toolbox.
    Results: Patients with acute AN, compared to HC, displayed reduced thalamic volume and complexity both at the whole level and at the level of specific nuclei. In patients recAN, instead, alterations were observed only at the level of the right laterodorsal and central lateral nuclei.
    Conclusions: In the acute phase of the disorder patients with AN present a widespread reduction in thalamic volume and complexity. However, these alterations seem to normalise almost completely following weight restoration, thus suggesting the involvement of malnutrition-related mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnostic imaging ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging ; Malnutrition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1159507-3
    ISSN 1099-0968 ; 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    ISSN (online) 1099-0968
    ISSN 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    DOI 10.1002/erv.2965
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Intra-individual cortical networks in Anorexia Nervosa: Evidence from a longitudinal dataset.

    Collantoni, Enrico / Alberti, Francesco / Dahmen, Brigitte / von Polier, Georg / Konrad, Kerstin / Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate / Favaro, Angela / Seitz, Jochen

    European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 298–309

    Abstract: Objective: This work investigates cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification patterns in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) before and after short-term weight restoration using graph theory tools.: Methods: 38 female adolescents with AN underwent structural ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This work investigates cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification patterns in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) before and after short-term weight restoration using graph theory tools.
    Methods: 38 female adolescents with AN underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and after - on average - 3.5 months following short-term weight restoration while 53 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were scanned once. Graph measures were compared between groups and longitudinally within the AN group. Associations with clinical measures such as age of onset, duration of illness, BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and longitudinal weight changes were tested via stepwise regression.
    Results: Cortical thickness graphs of patients with acute AN displayed lower modularity and small-world index (SWI) than HCs. Modularity recovered after weight gain. Reduced global efficiency and SWI were observed in patients at baseline compared to HCs based on gyrification networks. Significant associations between local clustering of CT at admission and BMI-SDS, and clustering/global efficiency of gyrification and duration of illness emerged.
    Conclusions: Our results indicate a shift towards less organised CT networks in patients with acute AN. After weight recovery, the disarrangement seems to be partially reduced. However, longer-term follow-ups are needed to determine whether cortical organizational patterns fully return to normal.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Female ; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnostic imaging ; Anorexia Nervosa/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Body Mass Index ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Weight Gain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1159507-3
    ISSN 1099-0968 ; 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    ISSN (online) 1099-0968
    ISSN 1067-1633 ; 1072-4133
    DOI 10.1002/erv.3043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top