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  1. Article ; Online: Drug Cues, Conditioned Reinforcement, and Drug Seeking: The Sequelae of a Collaborative Venture With Athina Markou.

    Everitt, Barry J

    Biological psychiatry

    2017  Volume 83, Issue 11, Page(s) 924–931

    Abstract: Athina Markou spent a research period in my laboratory, then in the Department of Anatomy in Cambridge University, in 1991 to help us establish a cocaine-seeking procedure. Thus we embarked on developing a second-order schedule of intravenous cocaine ... ...

    Abstract Athina Markou spent a research period in my laboratory, then in the Department of Anatomy in Cambridge University, in 1991 to help us establish a cocaine-seeking procedure. Thus we embarked on developing a second-order schedule of intravenous cocaine reinforcement to investigate the neural basis of the pronounced effects of cocaine-associated conditioned stimuli on cocaine seeking. This brief review summarizes the fundamental aspects of cocaine seeking measured using this approach and the importance of the methodology in enabling us to define the neural mechanisms and circuitry underlying conditioned reinforcement and cocaine, heroin, and alcohol seeking. The shift over time and experience of control over drug seeking from a limbic cortical-ventral striatal circuit underlying goal-directed drug seeking to a dorsal striatal system mediating habitual drug seeking are also summarized. The theoretical implications of these data are discussed, thereby revealing the ways in which the outcomes of a collaboration can endure.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cocaine/administration & dosage ; Cues ; Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Reinforcement Schedule ; Self Administration
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The European Journal of Neuroscience from 1997 to 2008.

    Everitt, Barry J

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2016  Volume 43, Issue 10, Page(s) 1237–1238

    MeSH term(s) Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Neurosciences/history ; Periodicals as Topic/history ; Publishing/history
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-12
    Publishing country France
    Document type Editorial ; Historical Article
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.13262
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories--indications for novel treatments of addiction.

    Everitt, Barry J

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2014  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 2163–2182

    Abstract: This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental learning and memory mechanisms in the brain that underlie the seeking and taking of ...

    Abstract This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental learning and memory mechanisms in the brain that underlie the seeking and taking of drugs. It is argued that these behaviours initially are goal-directed, but increasingly become elicited as stimulus-response habits by drug-associated conditioned stimuli that are established by Pavlovian conditioning. It is further argued that compulsive drug use emerges as the result of a loss of prefrontal cortical inhibitory control over drug seeking habits. Data are reviewed that indicate these transitions from use to abuse to addiction depend upon shifts from ventral to dorsal striatal control over behaviour, mediated in part by serial connectivity between the striatum and midbrain dopamine systems. Only some individuals lose control over their drug use, and the importance of behavioural impulsivity as a vulnerability trait predicting stimulant abuse and addiction in animals and humans, together with consideration of an emerging neuroendophenotype for addiction are discussed. Finally, the potential for developing treatments for addiction is considered in light of the neuropsychological advances that are reviewed, including the possibility of targeting drug memory reconsolidation and extinction to reduce Pavlovian influences on drug seeking as a means of promoting abstinence and preventing relapse.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Drug-Seeking Behavior/physiology ; Habits ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-17
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.12644
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The transition to compulsion in addiction.

    Lüscher, Christian / Robbins, Trevor W / Everitt, Barry J

    Nature reviews. Neuroscience

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 247–263

    Abstract: Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder). However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly seek and use addictive substances. Here, we integrate accounts of the ... ...

    Abstract Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder). However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly seek and use addictive substances. Here, we integrate accounts of the neuropharmacological mechanisms that underlie the transition to compulsion with overarching learning theories, to outline how compulsion develops in addiction. Importantly, we emphasize the conceptual distinctions between compulsive drug-seeking behaviour and compulsive drug-taking behaviour (that is, use). In the latter, an individual cannot stop using a drug despite major negative consequences, possibly reflecting an imbalance in frontostriatal circuits that encode reward and aversion. By contrast, an individual may compulsively seek drugs (that is, persist in seeking drugs despite the negative consequences of doing so) when the neural systems that underlie habitual behaviour dominate goal-directed behavioural systems, and when executive control over this maladaptive behaviour is diminished. This distinction between different aspects of addiction may help to identify its neural substrates and new treatment strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Compulsive Behavior/psychology ; Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Neural Pathways ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2034150-7
    ISSN 1471-0048 ; 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
    ISSN (online) 1471-0048
    ISSN 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
    DOI 10.1038/s41583-020-0289-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book: Essential reproduction

    Johnson, Martin H. / Everitt, Barry J.

    2000  

    Author's details Martin H. Johnson ; Barry J. Everitt
    Keywords Fortpflanzung
    Subject Reproduktion
    Language English
    Size XVI, 285 S. : zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition 5. ed.
    Publisher Blackwell Science
    Publishing place Oxford u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT011265384
    ISBN 0-632-04287-7 ; 978-0-632-04287-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  6. Article ; Online: Compulsive Alcohol Seeking Results from a Failure to Disengage Dorsolateral Striatal Control over Behavior.

    Giuliano, Chiara / Belin, David / Everitt, Barry J

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2019  Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 1744–1754

    Abstract: The acquisition of drug, including alcohol, use is associated with activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. However, over the course of drug exposure the control over drug seeking progressively devolves to anterior dorsal striatum (aDLS) dopamine- ... ...

    Abstract The acquisition of drug, including alcohol, use is associated with activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. However, over the course of drug exposure the control over drug seeking progressively devolves to anterior dorsal striatum (aDLS) dopamine-dependent mechanisms. The causal importance of this functional recruitment of aDLS in the switch from controlled to compulsive drug use in vulnerable individuals remains to be established. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in the susceptibility to aDLS dopamine-dependent control over alcohol seeking predicts and underlies the development of compulsive alcohol seeking. Male alcohol-preferring rats, the alcohol-preferring phenotype of which was confirmed in an intermittent two-bottle choice procedure, were implanted bilaterally with cannulae above the aDLS and trained instrumentally on a seeking-taking chained schedule of alcohol reinforcement until some individuals developed compulsive seeking behavior. The susceptibility to aDLS dopamine control over behavior was investigated before and after the development of compulsivity by measuring the extent to which bilateral aDLS infusions of the dopamine receptor antagonist α-flupenthixol (0, 5, 10, and 15 μg/side) decreased alcohol seeking at different stages of training, as follows: (1) after acquisition of instrumental taking responses for alcohol; (2) after alcohol-seeking behavior was well established; and (3) after the development of punishment-resistant alcohol seeking. Only alcohol-seeking, not alcohol-taking, responses became dependent on aDLS dopamine. Further, marked individual differences in the susceptibility of alcohol seeking to aDLS dopamine receptor blockade actually predicted the vulnerability to develop compulsive alcohol seeking, but only in subjects dependent on aDLS dopamine-dependent control.
    MeSH term(s) Alcoholism/metabolism ; Alcoholism/physiopathology ; Animals ; Compulsive Behavior/metabolism ; Compulsive Behavior/physiopathology ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects ; Corpus Striatum/physiopathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Flupenthixol/pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Reward
    Chemical Substances Dopamine Antagonists ; Flupenthixol (FA0UYH6QUO) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2615-18.2018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Addiction in focus: molecular mechanisms, model systems, circuit maps, risk prediction and the quest for effective interventions.

    Goldstein, Rita Z / Barrot, Michel / Everitt, Barry J / Foxe, John J

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2019  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 2007–2013

    MeSH term(s) Brain/drug effects ; Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Research Design ; Risk Assessment ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-06
    Publishing country France
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.14544
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Individual differences in the engagement of habitual control over alcohol seeking predict the development of compulsive alcohol seeking and drinking.

    Giuliano, Chiara / Puaud, Mickaël / Cardinal, Rudolf N / Belin, David / Everitt, Barry J

    Addiction biology

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) e13041

    Abstract: Excessive drinking is an important behavioural characteristic of alcohol addiction, but not the only one. Individuals addicted to alcohol crave alcoholic beverages, spend time seeking alcohol despite negative consequences and eventually drink to ... ...

    Abstract Excessive drinking is an important behavioural characteristic of alcohol addiction, but not the only one. Individuals addicted to alcohol crave alcoholic beverages, spend time seeking alcohol despite negative consequences and eventually drink to intoxication. With prolonged use, control over alcohol seeking devolves to anterior dorsolateral striatum, dopamine-dependent mechanisms implicated in habit learning and individuals in whom alcohol seeking relies more on these mechanisms are more likely to persist in seeking alcohol despite the risk of punishment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the development of habitual alcohol seeking predicts the development of compulsive seeking and that, once developed, it is associated with compulsive alcohol drinking. Male alcohol-preferring rats were pre-exposed intermittently to a two-bottle choice procedure and trained on a seeking-taking chained schedule of alcohol reinforcement until some individuals developed punishment-resistant seeking behaviour. The associative basis of their seeking responses was probed with an outcome-devaluation procedure, early or late in training. After seeking behaviour was well established, subjects that had developed greater resistance to outcome devaluation (were more habitual) were more likely to show punishment-resistant (compulsive) alcohol seeking. These individuals also drank more alcohol, despite quinine adulteration, even though having similar alcohol preference and intake before and during instrumental training. They were also less sensitive to changes in the contingency between seeking responses and alcohol outcome, providing further evidence of recruitment of the habit system. We therefore provide direct behavioural evidence that compulsive alcohol seeking emerges alongside compulsive drinking in individuals who have preferentially engaged the habit system.
    MeSH term(s) Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology ; Alcoholism/physiopathology ; Animals ; Compulsive Behavior/physiopathology ; Conditioning, Operant ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Drug-Seeking Behavior/physiology ; Habits ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Self Administration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1324314-7
    ISSN 1369-1600 ; 1355-6215
    ISSN (online) 1369-1600
    ISSN 1355-6215
    DOI 10.1111/adb.13041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Neurobehavioral Precursors of Compulsive Cocaine Seeking in Dual Frontostriatal Circuits.

    Jones, Jolyon A / Belin-Rauscent, Aude / Jupp, Bianca / Fouyssac, Maxime / Sawiak, Stephen J / Zuhlsdorff, Katharina / Zhukovsky, Peter / Hebdon, Lara / Velazquez Sanchez, Clara / Robbins, Trevor W / Everitt, Barry J / Belin, David / Dalley, Jeffrey W

    Biological psychiatry global open science

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 194–202

    Abstract: Background: Only some individuals who use drugs recreationally eventually develop a substance use disorder, characterized in part by the rigid engagement in drug foraging behavior (drug seeking), which is often maintained in the face of adverse ... ...

    Abstract Background: Only some individuals who use drugs recreationally eventually develop a substance use disorder, characterized in part by the rigid engagement in drug foraging behavior (drug seeking), which is often maintained in the face of adverse consequences (i.e., is compulsive). The neurobehavioral determinants of this individual vulnerability have not been fully elucidated.
    Methods: Using a prospective longitudinal study involving 39 male rats, we combined multidimensional characterization of behavioral traits of vulnerability to stimulant use disorder (impulsivity and stickiness) and resilience (sign tracking and sensation seeking/locomotor reactivity to novelty) with magnetic resonance imaging to identify the structural and functional brain correlates of the later emergence of compulsive drug seeking in drug-naïve subjects. We developed a novel behavioral procedure to investigate the individual tendency to persist in drug-seeking behavior in the face of punishment in a drug-free state in subjects with a prolonged history of cocaine seeking under the control of the conditioned reinforcing properties of a drug-paired Pavlovian conditioned stimulus.
    Results: In drug-naïve rats, the tendency to develop compulsive cocaine seeking was characterized by behavioral stickiness-related functional hypoconnectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior dorsomedial striatum in combination with impulsivity-related structural alterations in the infralimbic cortex, anterior insula, and nucleus accumbens.
    Conclusions: These findings show that the vulnerability to developing compulsive cocaine-seeking behavior stems from preexisting structural or functional changes in two distinct corticostriatal systems that underlie deficits in impulse control and goal-directed behavior.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-1743
    ISSN (online) 2667-1743
    DOI 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.06.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Addictive behaviour in experimental animals: prospects for translation.

    Everitt, Barry J / Giuliano, Chiara / Belin, David

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2018  Volume 373, Issue 1742

    Abstract: Since the introduction of intravenous drug self-administration methodology over 50 years ago, experimental investigation of addictive behaviour has delivered an enormous body of data on the neural, psychological and molecular mechanisms of drug reward ... ...

    Abstract Since the introduction of intravenous drug self-administration methodology over 50 years ago, experimental investigation of addictive behaviour has delivered an enormous body of data on the neural, psychological and molecular mechanisms of drug reward and reinforcement and the neuroadaptations to chronic use. Whether or not these behavioural and molecular studies are viewed as modelling the underpinnings of addiction in humans, the discussion presented here highlights two areas-the impact of drug-associated conditioned stimuli-or drug cues-on drug seeking and relapse, and compulsive cocaine seeking. The degree to which these findings translate to the clinical state of addiction is considered in terms of the underlying neural circuitry and also the ways in which this understanding has helped develop new treatments for addiction. The psychological and neural mechanisms underlying drug memory reconsolidation and extinction established in animal experiments show particular promise in delivering new treatments for relapse prevention to the clinic.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine ; Conditioning, Operant ; Cues ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Memory ; Mice/psychology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Primates/psychology ; Rats/psychology ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reward ; Translational Medical Research
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2017.0027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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