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Article ; Online: Home modifications and disability outcomes: A longitudinal study of older adults living in England.

Chandola, Tarani / Rouxel, Patrick

The Lancet regional health. Europe

2022 Volume 18, Page(s) 100397

Abstract: Background: There is limited evidence on the protective effect of housing modifications on disability outcomes among older adults. We examined whether external and internal housing modifications reduce the risk of a range of disability outcomes among ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is limited evidence on the protective effect of housing modifications on disability outcomes among older adults. We examined whether external and internal housing modifications reduce the risk of a range of disability outcomes among older adults living in England. Methods: We analysed adults aged 60 and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, initially recruited in 2002/03. The longitudinal sample consisted of 32,126 repeated observations from 10,459 individuals across 6 waves with an average follow-up of 11·3 years. Participants were asked if their homes had external (widened doorways, ramps, automatic doors, parking and lift) and internal (rails, bathroom/kitchen modifications, chair lift) housing modifications. Mobility impairment was measured through reported difficulties in 10 activities including walking, climbing, getting up, reaching and lifting. Five disability outcomes were analysed (falls in the previous two years, pain, poor self-rated health, no social activities, and moving home within next two years) using two-way fixed effect models, controlling for key risk factors for disability. Findings: Greater mobility impairments increased the probability of falls, pain and poor self-rated health although this effect was significantly moderated by external housing modifications. Among older adults with severe mobility impairments, external housing modifications reduced the probability of falls by 3% (1%-6%), pain by 6% (4%-8%), and poor health by 4% (2%-5%). Moreover, external housing modifications reduced the probability of no social activities by 6% (5%-7%) and moving home by 4% (2%-5%) even among those without any mobility impairments. Internal housing modifications had similar, but less consistent effects on the disability outcomes. Interpretation: There was strong evidence that external housing modifications protected against a range of disability outcomes. Studies on reducing disability in ageing populations need to consider the role of housing modifications as key interventions to promote healthy ageing in place. Funding: Economic and Social Research Council ES/R008930/1 and ES/S012567/1.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-7762
ISSN (online)	2666-7762
DOI	10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100397
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bedtime negative affect, sleep quality and subjective health in rural China.

Sun, Jiyao / Zhang, Nan / Carter, Jackie / Vanhoutte, Bram / Wang, Jian / Chandola, Tarani

BMC public health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 280

Abstract: Background: The overall level of negative affect (NeA) has been linked to impaired health. However, whether the diurnal timing of NeA matters and whether the NeA-health relationship is mediated by sleep quality remain unclear.: Methods: Using a ... ...

Abstract	Background: The overall level of negative affect (NeA) has been linked to impaired health. However, whether the diurnal timing of NeA matters and whether the NeA-health relationship is mediated by sleep quality remain unclear. Methods: Using a longitudinal dataset (2006, 2009 and 2014 waves) consisting of 1959 participants, we examined the within-person impact of both bedtime NeA and non-bedtime NeA measured by Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) on subjective health measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the mediating effect of sleep quality on the NeA-health relationships by fixed effect models. Results: Bedtime NeA predicted poorer health, while non-bedtime NeA was unrelated to health. The deleterious impact of bedtime NeA reduced and became non-significant after sleep quality was controlled for. Bedtime NeA also significantly predicted impaired sleep quality. Conclusions: Bedtime NeA is a stronger predictor of poorer health than non-bedtime NeA, and the deleterious influence of bedtime NeA on health seems to operate through poor sleep quality. Therefore, interventions to reduce bedtime NeA could potentially improve subsequent sleep quality, thereby protecting people to some extent from impaired health status.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Sleep Quality ; China ; Health Status ; Pain Measurement
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-17779-5
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Article ; Online: The role of workplace accommodations in explaining the disability employment gap in the UK.

Chandola, Tarani / Rouxel, Patrick

Social science & medicine (1982)

2021 Volume 285, Page(s) 114313

Abstract: There has been limited theoretical and empirical research into the role of workplace accommodations in enabling workers with and without impairments to remain in work. This study used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ...

Abstract	There has been limited theoretical and empirical research into the role of workplace accommodations in enabling workers with and without impairments to remain in work. This study used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model to examine (a) whether workplace accommodations enable workers, particularly those with different impairments, to remain economically active; and (b) the predictors of the onset of work accommodations. Data from two waves of a large-scale longitudinal survey of disability in Great Britain, the Life Opportunities Survey (2009-2012) were analysed. 2307 workers with an impairment and 4308 workers without an impairment were followed up for a year. Work accommodations appear to enable workers with impairments to remain economically active, especially those with mental impairments. There was no difference in the employment rates of workers with and without mental impairments who had two or more work accommodations, in contrast to the 10% employment gap between workers with and without mental impairments who did not have any work accommodations. While there was no gender difference in the disability employment gap, barriers to employment related to caregiving were much greater for women compared to men. Moreover, only workers with incident pain impairments were associated with an increase in their work accommodations, not workers with incident mental impairments. Despite the evidence that workers with mental impairments could benefit considerably from workplace accommodations, they are less likely to have their workplace adjusted. The ICF model is particularly useful in analysing the role of work accommodations because it considers a much wider range of factors that are relevant not just to workers with different types of impairments, but are also relevant to the wider group of workers who use workplace accommodations.
MeSH term(s)	Disabled Persons ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; United Kingdom ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114313
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Book: Measuring stress at work

Chandola, Tarani

combining biological and social science data

(SAGE video case studies)

2017

Abstract: Professor Tarani Chandola explains how stress at work can be measured. He discusses different ...

Series title	SAGE video case studies
Abstract	Professor Tarani Chandola explains how stress at work can be measured. He discusses different methods for collecting data about the stress levels of workers, and he points out inaccuracies that can occur when performing stress research.
Keywords	Job stress/Research.
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (1 video file (18 min., 24 sec.)) :, sound, colour.
Document type	Book
Note	Closed-captions in English.
ISBN	9781473966789 ; 1473966787
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Understanding the longitudinal dynamics of rural-urban mental health disparities in later life in China.

Zhang, Jingwen / Chandola, Tarani / Zhang, Nan

Aging & mental health

2022 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1419–1428

Abstract: Objectives: Understanding longitudinal patterns of rural-urban mental health disparities is vital for effective intervention and policy development in China. However, few studies have estimated separate effects of birth-cohort and ageing and examined ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Understanding longitudinal patterns of rural-urban mental health disparities is vital for effective intervention and policy development in China. However, few studies have estimated separate effects of birth-cohort and ageing and examined the role of community resources on health inequalities. Methods: Drawing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), this study employed multilevel modelling to identify the mental health trajectories of rural, peri-urban, urban older adults by cohort and the community effects. Results: The changes in the mental health gap between rural, peri-urban and urban older adults over time varied by birth cohorts. Among younger cohorts aged under 65, the mental health disparities between rural, peri-urban and urban residents increased as they got older. Underdeveloped community infrastructure greatly explained the rural health disadvantage. Conclusion: The study indicates increasing rural-urban health disparities at the onset of later life. Improving community infrastructure in rural and peri-urban areas is vital to minimise rural-urban health gaps.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1474804-6
ISSN	1364-6915 ; 1360-7863
ISSN (online)	1364-6915
ISSN	1360-7863
DOI	10.1080/13607863.2022.2098912
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Zs.A 5081: Show issues

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Article: Genetic Variants Associated With Resilience in Human and Animal Studies.

Cahill, Stephanie / Chandola, Tarani / Hager, Reinmar

Frontiers in psychiatry

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 840120

Abstract: Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The identification of specific genetic factors and their biological pathways underpinning ...

Abstract	Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The identification of specific genetic factors and their biological pathways underpinning resilient functioning can help in the identification of common key factors, but heterogeneities in the operationalisation of resilience have hampered advances. We conducted a systematic review of genetic variants associated with resilience to enable the identification of general resilience mechanisms. We adopted broad inclusion criteria for the definition of resilience to capture both human and animal model studies, which use a wide range of resilience definitions and measure very different outcomes. Analyzing 158 studies, we found 71 candidate genes associated with resilience. OPRM1 (Opioid receptor mu 1), NPY (neuropeptide Y), CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C), DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), and FKBP5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5) had both animal and human variants associated with resilience, supporting the idea of shared biological pathways. Further, for OPRM1, OXTR (oxytocin receptor), CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1), COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), APOE (apolipoprotein E), and SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4), the same allele was associated with resilience across divergent resilience definitions, which suggests these genes may therefore provide a starting point for further research examining commonality in resilience pathways.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840120
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Article: The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences.

Cahill, Stephanie / Hager, Reinmar / Chandola, Tarani

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health

2022 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 18

Abstract: Background: Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial ... ...

Abstract	Background: Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial functioning that remains after accounting for adversity exposure. However, there have been no published studies that have formally investigated the validity of this approach. Considering this, we examine the construct and predictive validity of the residuals approach using participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a multigenerational, longitudinal cohort study. Methods: We regressed exposures of adolescent adversity on adolescent psychopathology scores using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and obtained the residual variance. We investigated construct validity by analysing whether previously identified demographic and resilience factors significantly predicted resilience. Predictive validity of resilience was investigated by comparing the predictive power of resilience with other determinants of psychosocial functioning on two developmental outcomes: depressive symptoms at 18 years, measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status at 17 and 23 years. The associations between depressive symptoms at 18, resilience, ACEs and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression. NEET status at 17 and 23 were run as separate binary multiple logistic regression models to test associations with resilience and known demographics previously associated with NEET status. Results: Seven previously identified protective factors, including self-esteem, positive sibling relationship, temperament, and positive perception of school, significantly predicted resilience to adolescent psychopathology, thus providing strong construct validity. Resilience significantly predicted a reduction in depressive symptoms at 18 years, and significantly decreased the likelihood of having NEET status at both 17 years and 23 years, even after taking into account early childhood adversity and other risk factors. None of the socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with resilience. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the residuals method of operationalising resilience has good construct and predictive validity yet recommend replication studies. It has the potential to advance research into the mechanisms and modifiability of resilience. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2379599-2
ISSN	1753-2000
ISSN	1753-2000
DOI	10.1186/s13034-022-00449-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A prospective analysis examining frailty remission and the association with future falls risk in older adults in England.

Davies, Katie / Maharani, Asri / Chandola, Tarani / O'Neill, Terence W / Todd, Chris / Pendleton, Neil

Age and ageing

2023 Volume 52, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: Previous research has shown older adults experience dynamic changes in frailty status. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of sustained frailty remission and how remission is associated with falls risk.: Methods: Participants who ...

Abstract	Background: Previous research has shown older adults experience dynamic changes in frailty status. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of sustained frailty remission and how remission is associated with falls risk. Methods: Participants who contributed data to the analysis were in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing from Waves 1 to 8 (2002-2017). Frailty was defined across waves using the frailty index and categorised into robust, pre-frail and frail. We classified participants who improved their frailty category from Wave 1 (2002) to Wave 2 (2004) and sustained/improved category again into Wave 3 (2006) and compared them with those who were either robust or frail across Waves 1-3. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to determine the risk of incident falls reported at Waves 4-8, with results expressed as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 2,564 participants, 389 (15·2%) improved frailty category and sustained this during Waves 2-3, 1,489 (58·1%) remained robust and 686 (26·8%) remained frail during Waves 1-3. During the 10-year period (Waves 4-8), a total of 549 participants reported a fall. Compared with those who remained frail during Waves 1-3, those who with sustained frailty remission had a lower risk of future falls (HR 0·41; 95% CI = 0·36-0·45). Conclusions: Frailty remission is possible and can be sustained across 5 years. There is a lower risk of future falls in those who sustain frailty remission compared with those who remain frail.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Frail Elderly ; Accidental Falls/prevention & control ; England/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186788-x
ISSN	1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
ISSN	0002-0729
DOI	10.1093/ageing/afad003
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Article ; Online: Does the association between cognition and education differ between older adults with gradual or rapid trajectories of cognitive decline?

Williams, Benjamin David / Pendleton, Neil / Chandola, Tarani

Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition

2021 , Page(s) 1–21

Abstract: Education is associated with improved baseline cognitive performance in older adults, but the association with maintenance of cognitive function is less clear. Education may be associated with different types of active cognitive reserve in those ... ...

Abstract	Education is associated with improved baseline cognitive performance in older adults, but the association with maintenance of cognitive function is less clear. Education may be associated with different types of active cognitive reserve in those following different cognitive trajectories. We used data on n = 5642 adults aged >60 from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) over 5 waves (8 years). We used growth mixture models to test if the association between educational attainment and rate of change in verbal fluency or immediate recall varied by latent class trajectory. For recall, 91.5% (n = 5164) of participants were in a gradual decline class and 8.5% (n = 478) in a rapid decline class. For fluency, 90.0% (n = 4907) were in a gradual decline class and 10.0% (n = 561) were in a rapid decline class. Educational attainment was associated with improved baseline performance for both verbal fluency and recall. In the rapidly declining classes, educational attainment was not associated with rate of change for either outcome. In the verbal fluency gradual decline class, education was associated with higher (an additional 0.05-0.38 words per 2 years) or degree level education (an additional 0.04-0.42 words per 2 years) when compared to those with no formal qualifications. We identified no evidence of a protective effect of education against rapid cognitive decline. There was some evidence of active cognitive reserve for verbal fluency but not recall, which may reflect a small degree of domain-specific protection against age-related cognitive decline.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1482447-4
ISSN	1744-4128 ; 1382-5585
ISSN (online)	1744-4128
ISSN	1382-5585
DOI	10.1080/13825585.2021.1889958
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Subjective Wellbeing in Rural China: How Social Environments Influence the Diurnal Rhythms of Affect.

Sun, Jiyao / Zhang, Nan / Vanhoutte, Bram / Wang, Jian / Chandola, Tarani

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 8

Abstract: Although the diurnal rhythms of affect influence people's health and behavior, there is a lack of evidence from rural China, where the types and timing of social activities may differ from Western contexts. In this study, a total of 2847 Chinese rural ... ...

Abstract	Although the diurnal rhythms of affect influence people's health and behavior, there is a lack of evidence from rural China, where the types and timing of social activities may differ from Western contexts. In this study, a total of 2847 Chinese rural residents from three provinces of China are interviewed using the abbreviated Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) questionnaire. Diurnal rhythms of three affective subjective wellbeing (SWB) indicators-positive affect (PoA), negative affect (NeA), and net affect are analyzed by multilevel models. Our results show PoA and net affect generally increase in magnitude throughout the day with two peaks around noon and in the evening, respectively; whereas, there is an overall decline in NeA as the day passes with two troughs occurring at lunchtime and in the evening. These patterns, however, flatten considerably, with the lunchtime peaks in PoA and net affect (and trough in NeA) disappearing entirely, after further controlling for two social environmental factors-activity type and the quality of social interaction. This study, set in rural China, corroborates the diurnal rhythms of affect from prior Western research to some extent, and highlights that social environmental factors have a significant effect on diurnal rhythms of affect in the rural Chinese context. It is possible that the diurnal rhythms of affect could change in response to stimulation from the environment. Improving some social environmental factors, such as organizing pleasant activities and creating a friendly interactive environment, could contribute to the increase in positive affect and decline in negative affect, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Rural Population ; Social Environment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18084132
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