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Article ; Online: Effects of the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on infections and on hospitalizations in European countries.

Greiner, Alfred / Owusu, Benjamin

SN business & economics

2023 Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 67

Abstract: Since December 2020 vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been available. However, little is known regarding their effects on infections and on hospitalizations. To gain insight into this topic we empirically analyze the effects of the vaccinations ... ...

Abstract	Since December 2020 vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been available. However, little is known regarding their effects on infections and on hospitalizations. To gain insight into this topic we empirically analyze the effects of the vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 for European countries beginning 2021 to February 2022 with weekly data. We perform panel fixed effects estimations, GMM estimations and nonlinear penalized spline estimations. We find a statistically significant and positive relationship between the share of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the share of vaccinated people in nine estimations while one estimation output was insignificant. Regarding hospitalizations, six out of ten estimations yielded a statistically insignificant relationship, and three estimation results were weakly statistically significant with a negative coefficient and one indicated a statistically significant negative relation. Hence, there is empirical evidence for a positive relationship between infections and the share of vaccinated people whereas we find weak empirical evidence for a negative relation between vaccinations and hospitalizations. The implication of our analysis is that vaccinations alone cannot end the pandemic. Rather developing effective medicines should be seen as an additional measure. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-023-00445-0.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-9399
ISSN (online)	2662-9399
DOI	10.1007/s43546-023-00445-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influenza Vaccination Uptake Trends by Age, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States Between 2017 and 2020.

Greiner, Benjamin / Hartwell, Micah

Journal of primary care & community health

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 21501319221104917

MeSH term(s)	Ethnicity ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; United States ; Vaccination ; Whites
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2550221-9
ISSN	2150-1327 ; 2150-1319
ISSN (online)	2150-1327
ISSN	2150-1319
DOI	10.1177/21501319221104917
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and associations among metabolically unhealthy obesity, asthma exacerbations, and emergency department use.

Greiner, Benjamin / Hartwell, Micah

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2022 Volume 129, Issue 5, Page(s) 580–584.e2

Abstract: Background: Helper type 1 T cell polarization and monocyte cell activation influence forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and are affected by body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, and serum lipoproteins. No study has assessed ... ...

Abstract	Background: Helper type 1 T cell polarization and monocyte cell activation influence forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and are affected by body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, and serum lipoproteins. No study has assessed the impact of metabolic syndrome components on asthma symptom control. Objective: To determine the prevalence of patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and asthma. Our secondary objective was to compare the strength of associations among asthma outcomes in patients with obesity measured by BMI, waist circumference, and MUO. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the combined 2011 to 2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was performed among persons with asthma. Metabolically unhealthy obesity was defined as a BMI of at least 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and one of the following: increased waist circumference, insulin resistance, low physical activity, hyperlipidemia, or hypertension. Multiple logistic regression models were computed to assess asthma exacerbations and emergency department use for asthma in patients with MUO compared with unhealthy obesity. Results: Among respondents with MUO, 50.09% (n = 543; N = 17,011,880) had asthma compared with 7.91% in those with metabolically healthy obesity (n = 77; N = 2,685,858). Persons with MUO were significantly more likely to report the use of an emergency department for their asthma symptoms within the past 12 months (odds ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.54-8.09; P < .05). Persons with elevated waist circumference were more likely to report asthma exacerbations (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.26). No significant difference existed in reported asthma exacerbations or emergency department use in patients measured by BMI. Conclusion: MUO is associated with increased emergency department use for asthma and is better at predicting exacerbations and emergency department use than BMI alone.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
DOI	10.1016/j.anai.2022.07.005
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Article ; Online: Influenza Vaccination Uptake Trends by Age, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States Between 2017 and 2020

Benjamin Greiner / Micah Hartwell

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, Vol

2022 Volume 13

Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Readability and quality of patient education material for asthma.

Reddy, Amogh / Dunivin, Garet / Garlapati, Rishitha / Reddy, Sriya / Greiner, Benjamin

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2023 Volume 131, Issue 3, Page(s) 378–380

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Comprehension ; Patient Education as Topic ; Health Literacy ; Societies, Medical ; Asthma/therapy ; Internet
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
DOI	10.1016/j.anai.2023.03.021
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Article ; Online: [Case Report] Challenging Detection of Latent Tuberculosis in a Patient Undergoing High-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy for Acute Hemolytic Anemia and Rhupus Arthropathy

Frederick Ditmars / John Davis / Benjamin Greiner / David Reynoso

Qeios (2023)

2023

Abstract: Acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia requires rapid stabilization, typically through the administration of high-dose corticosteroids. However, it is important to consider reactivation of latent infection and how immune suppression can interfere with ... ...

Abstract	Acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia requires rapid stabilization, typically through the administration of high-dose corticosteroids. However, it is important to consider reactivation of latent infection and how immune suppression can interfere with molecular screening tools. In this case report, we present a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis/Systemic Lupus Erythematosus experiencing severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicated by an unknown latent tuberculosis infection.
Keywords	Case report ; Tuberculosis ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Hemolytic anemia ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Qeios Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Asthma-related disparities in emergency department use and clinical outcomes among Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients.

Greiner, Benjamin / Cronin, Kelly / Salazar, Leonardo / Hartwell, Micah

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2022 Volume 130, Issue 2, Page(s) 254–255

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/therapy ; Hispanic or Latino ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
DOI	10.1016/j.anai.2022.11.002
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Article ; Online: Increased serum cotinine and obesity negatively impact asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations

Benjamin Greiner / Covenant Elenwo / Micah Hartwell

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Vol

A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES

2023 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Background: Asthma is the most common non-communicable chronic airway disease worldwide. Obesity and cigarette use independently increase asthma morbidity and mortality. Current literature suggests that obesity and smoking synergistically ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background: Asthma is the most common non-communicable chronic airway disease worldwide. Obesity and cigarette use independently increase asthma morbidity and mortality. Current literature suggests that obesity and smoking synergistically increase asthma-related wheezing. Objective: To assess whether increased serum cotinine and obesity act synergistically to increase the likelihood of having an asthma exacerbation, emergency department (ED) visit, or hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2011–2015 iterations of NHANES database was performed. Patients aged 18 years or greater with asthma were included. Serum cotinine was utilized as an accurate measurement of cigarette use. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine whether elevated serum cotinine and obesity were associated with self-reported asthma exacerbations, asthma-specific ED usage, and hospitalizations for any reason in the past year. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Interactions were assessed by multiplying the adjusted effect sizes for elevated cotinine and obesity. Results: We identified 2179 (N = 32,839,290) patients with asthma, of which 32.2% were active smokers and 42.7% were obese. Patients with an elevated cotinine and asthma were significantly more likely to have had an asthma-related ED visit in the past year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.82; 95% CI 1.19–2.79), have a physician-prescribed asthma medication (AOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.11–3.74), and have a hospitalization for any reason (AOR 3.65; 95% CI 1.88–7.07) compared to those with low cotinine. Patients with asthma and obesity were more likely to have an asthma-related ED visit (AOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.06–2.62) or hospitalization for any reason in the past year compared to non-obese patients (AOR 2.76; 95% CI 1.69–4.5). However, a statistically significant interaction between obesity and cotinine was only identified in patients who currently have asthma compared to a previous asthma diagnosis (AOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.10–2.82). ...
Keywords	Asthma ; cotinine ; obesity ; smoking ; exacerbations ; emergency department usage ; interactions ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Public Interest in Myocarditis during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Perkins, Del / Wilkins, Rachel / Kerr, Randi / Greiner, Benjamin / Hartwell, Micah

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) e349

Abstract: Objective: Public interest in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has been rising with regard to associated myocarditis. Thus, the objective of our study was to assess trends in public interest in myocarditis during ...

Abstract	Objective: Public interest in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has been rising with regard to associated myocarditis. Thus, the objective of our study was to assess trends in public interest in myocarditis during the course of the pandemic and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout in the United States. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal assessment of public interest in myocarditis, and its association with actual coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -related myocarditis during the first wave of the pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related myocarditis following vaccine rollout. To complete this objective, we used data from 3 sources: a report from the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting database, and from Google Trends. Results: Results show that Relative Search Interest (RSI) was low before and during the initial phase of the pandemic and peaked in April 2021, during the initial vaccine push. The ratio of myocarditis related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was considerably lower than the ratio of myocarditis from natural infection. Conclusions: Search interest in myocarditis was low until SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were rolled out, in which media coverage intensely focused on a relatively small number of cases. This study highlights both the benefits of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and the impact of the media on public interest.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Myocarditis/epidemiology ; Myocarditis/etiology ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375268-3
ISSN	1938-744X ; 1935-7893
ISSN (online)	1938-744X
ISSN	1935-7893
DOI	10.1017/dmp.2022.307
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Article ; Online: Trends of colorectal cancer screening methods: an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2018-2020.

Balcerak, Gregory / Garrett, Morgan / Greiner, Benjamin H / Hartwell, Micah

Journal of osteopathic medicine

2023 Volume 123, Issue 6, Page(s) 317–323

Abstract: Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality rate and a large financial burden. Therefore, it is imperative to screen appropriately for this disease. By evaluating trends in different CRC screening methods and evaluating screening methods based ...

Abstract	Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality rate and a large financial burden. Therefore, it is imperative to screen appropriately for this disease. By evaluating trends in different CRC screening methods and evaluating screening methods based on sex and race, improvements in screening can be made. Objectives: By analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), our primary objective was to evaluate trends in CRC screening methods from 2018 through 2020. Our secondary objectives were to investigate deviations in screening rates by sex and race/ethnicity. Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized to analyze trends in CRC screening methods utilizing data from the BRFSS for the years 2018 through 2020. Sex and race were also analyzed to evaluate for deviations in screening rates. Results: All race/ethnicity groups most often completed colonoscopies, with all but individuals identifying as Hispanic having higher than 56% completion rates. Individuals reporting as Hispanic received more blood stool tests than other races at 23.4%. Average CRC screening among all methods showed that 89.7% of individuals who reported as being White completed screening, with 91.3% of individuals reporting as Black, and 81.9% with race not listed, completed screening. Individuals identifying as Asian (74.4%), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN [79.2%]) and Hispanic (78.1%) had lower rates of screening overall. Conclusions: Our study found that trends in CRC screening were similar across years for individuals who reported as being White or Black. We also found that those identifying as Asian, AI/AN, Hispanic, and those whose identifying race was not listed deviated across years. These latter groups were also less likely to have received colonoscopies, the gold standard of screening. Because CRC is oftentimes a preventable disease, the importance of appropriate screening cannot be emphasized enough.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Ethnicity ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2702-3648
ISSN (online)	2702-3648
DOI	10.1515/jom-2022-0167
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