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Article ; Online: Exploring the Correlation Between Preexisting Knowledge and Public Perception of Self-Driving Cars

Kareem Othman

Transactions on Transport Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 3, Pp 61-

2023 Volume 68

Abstract: Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) possess the potential to provide novel benefits while also presenting new risks. Consequently, SDVs are expected to not only influence the transportation network but also reshape urban landscapes, markets, economies, and ... ...

Abstract	Self-driving vehicles (SDVs) possess the potential to provide novel benefits while also presenting new risks. Consequently, SDVs are expected to not only influence the transportation network but also reshape urban landscapes, markets, economies, and public behavior. The public's willingness to utilize or ride in SDVs is a critical factor determining the extent to which their implications can be realized. Previous research has indicated that awareness of SDVs is a key factor influencing the public's decision-making and attitude toward this nascent technology. However, none of these studies have exclusively examined the relationship between the public's level of knowledge about SDVs and their attitudes. Thus, this study employs a questionnaire survey to investigate the relationship between the public's attitudes and their knowledge of SDVs. The study analyzes 2447 complete responses collected from participants in the United States. The findings suggest that individuals possessing prior knowledge of SDVs are more likely to use them. However, participants with intermediate knowledge were the most likely to use SDVs compared to those with no knowledge and those with extensive knowledge. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that the relationship between the level of knowledge and acceptance of SDVs is non-linear and peaks at the intermediate knowledge level.
Keywords	interest ; trust ; concern ; self-driving cars ; knowledge ; public attitude ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99 ; Transportation and communications ; HE1-9990
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Palacký University Olomouc
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prediction of the hot asphalt mix properties using deep neural networks

Kareem Othman

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Marshall design process is the most common method used for estimating the Optimum asphalt content (OAC) and this process is called the asphalt mix design. However, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and its results are ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Marshall design process is the most common method used for estimating the Optimum asphalt content (OAC) and this process is called the asphalt mix design. However, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and its results are subjected to variations. Results This paper employs artificial neural network (ANN) for the estimation of Marshall test parameters (OAC, Stability, Flow, Air voids, Voids in mineral aggregate) using the aggregate gradation as the input of the prediction process. Multiple ANNs are tested in order to optimize the NN hyperparameters and produce accurate predictions. Different activation functions, number of hidden layers, and number of neurons per hidden layer are tested and heatmaps are generated to compare the performance of every ANN. Results show that the optimum ANN hyperparameters change depending on the predicted parameter. Finally, the deep NN can predict the OAC, stability, flow, density, air voids, and voids in mineral aggregate with R values of 0.91, 0.8, 0.53, 0.65, 0.77, and 0.66. Conclusion The linear activation function is the most efficient activation function and generates more accurate results than the logistic and the hyperbolic tangent functions. Additionally, it is shown that the deep neural network approach represents a major innovative tool for the prediction of the asphalt mix properties as results of this approach outperforms results of the shallow ANN that consists of a single hidden layer which is the only approach used in the literature. Thus, the use of the deep ANN can be useful during the phase of the design of the asphalt mix process because of its ability to predict variables with high accuracy. For example, the ANN with 3 hidden layers and 16 neurons per layer with the linear activation function can predict the OAC with high accuracy (R = 0.91), which can be helpful in the design process as the ANN can be employed for the prediction of the OAC of the asphalt mix.
Keywords	Artificial neural networks ; Early stopping technique ; Hot asphalt mix ; Marshall mix design ; Mechanical properties ; Optimum asphalt content ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Public acceptance and perception of autonomous vehicles: a comprehensive review.

Othman, Kareem

AI and ethics

2021 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 355–387

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) or self-driving cars have the potential to provide many benefits such as improving mobility and reducing the energy and emissions consumed, travel time, and vehicle ownership. Thus, in the last few years, both research and ... ...

Abstract	Autonomous vehicles (AVs) or self-driving cars have the potential to provide many benefits such as improving mobility and reducing the energy and emissions consumed, travel time, and vehicle ownership. Thus, in the last few years, both research and industry have put significant efforts to develop AVs. However, laws and regulations are not ready yet for this switch and the legal sector is unable to take the lead but follow the development of AVs. Besides, the social acceptance is considered as a main key factor for the success of any new technology. Despite the enthusiastic speculation of AVs, little is known about the public acceptance and perception of the AVs technology or the factors that influence the public acceptance. This paper reviews the previous studies that focuses on testing the public acceptance and perception of AVs and sketches out the main trends in this area to provide some directions and recommendations for the future. This paper focuses on the influence of safety, ethics, liability, regulations, and the recent pandemic on the public acceptance of AVs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2730-5961
ISSN (online)	2730-5961
DOI	10.1007/s43681-021-00041-8
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Article ; Online: Heavy metals concentrations in some Kurdish rice (Oryza sativa L.) short grains cultivated in Iraqi Kurdistan region and its health risk assessment.

Othman Kareem Qadir

Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol 35, Iss

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the heavy metals contamination in Kurdish rice from the main rice-producing areas in Kurdistan and its health risk assessment. The Kurdish rice samples were collected from different locations and the ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the current research was to evaluate the heavy metals contamination in Kurdish rice from the main rice-producing areas in Kurdistan and its health risk assessment. The Kurdish rice samples were collected from different locations and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) was also calculated to evaluate the potential health risk assessment for the Kurdish local population through rice consumption. The mean EDI values from the rice consumption of most Kurdish rice samples were significantly higher than the safe limits set by FAO/WHO. The heavy metals were detected in the descending order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Co > Cd in the rice samples. The results demonstrate that Kurdish rice from the investigated region has been contaminated with some heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn and Ni) which is probably linked to the used wastewater for irrigation, fertilisers and soil contamination. Overall, the local population's health might be at risk due to the combination of various metals. Therefore, strict food safety regulations are recommended for cereal crops, as well as, regular monitoring of soil contamination, water quality, application of fertilisers and pesticides in the agricultural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Keywords	heavy metals ; kurdish rice ; estimated daily intake ; health risk assessment ; Technology ; T ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Salahaddin University-Erbil
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Determination of some heavy metals in imported rice grains (Oryza sativa) available in Sulaymaniyah market and evaluation of their health risk assessment

Shkofa Radha Ahmad, Othman Kareem Qadir

Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol 35, Iss

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: This investigation was conducted to assess the levels of some heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, and manganese in imported rice sold on the Sulaymaniyah market – Iraqi Kurdistan. The potential human health ... ...

Abstract	This investigation was conducted to assess the levels of some heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, and manganese in imported rice sold on the Sulaymaniyah market – Iraqi Kurdistan. The potential human health risk assessment was conducted by considering estimated weekly intake (EWI) of heavy metals from eating rice and calculated values compared with provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The mean values for copper, manganese and zinc were considerably higher than allowable limits set by FAO/WHO. While the lead value in the entire rice types were lower than allowable limits set by FAO/WHO except (Uruguayan rice R9 and R12, Iranian rice R20, American rice R24, and Russian rice R26). The concentration of iron and nickel in some rice brands were less than the standard limit, and the chromium value was within the safe limit except for these (Indian rice R1, Uruguayan rice R12, Iranian rice R20, Chinese rice R33) brands, which were higher than the acceptable limit. EWI for chromium and nickel in most samples were higher than the PTWI. Also, EWI for zinc, manganese, and copper was higher than the PTWI set by FAO/WHO. Moreover, the EWI for lead were considerably higher than other measured toxic metals, and the highest mean level of EWI for lead was observed in some imported rice samples. Thus, the high consumption of rice contaminated with heavy metals can cause potential health risks to the Kurdish population in Kurdistan. More consideration should be given to contaminated rice and prevention and control measures should be taken.
Keywords	rice ; imported rice ; heavy metals ; health risk assessment ; estimated weekly intake ; Technology ; T ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Salahaddin University-Erbil
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rice husk ash based growing media impact on cucumber and melon growth and quality.

Li, Meng / Ning, Xian-Peng / Gao, Tian-Tian / Fazry, Shazrul / Othman, Babul Airianah / Najm, Ahmad Abdul Kareem / Law, Douglas

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5147

Abstract: Rice husk, an agricultural waste from the rice industry, can cause serious environmental pollution if not properly managed. However, rice husk ash (RHA) has been found to have many positive properties, making it a potential replacement for non-renewable ... ...

Abstract	Rice husk, an agricultural waste from the rice industry, can cause serious environmental pollution if not properly managed. However, rice husk ash (RHA) has been found to have many positive properties, making it a potential replacement for non-renewable peat in soilless planting. Thus, this study investigated the impact of a RHA composite substrate on the growth, photosynthetic parameters, and fruit quality of cucumber (Yuyi longxiang variety) and melon (Yutian yangjiaomi variety). The RHA, peat, vermiculite, and perlite were blended in varying proportions, with the conventional seedling substrate (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 1:1:1 volume ratio) serving as the control (CK). All plants were cultivated in barrels filled with 10L of the mixed substrates. The results from this study found that RHA 40 (RHA:peat:vermiculite:perlite = 4:4:1:1 volume ratio) significantly enhanced substrate ventilation and positively influenced the stem diameter, root activity, seedling index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of cucumber and melon plants. Additionally, plant planted using RHA 40, the individual fruit weight of cucumber and melon found to increase by 34.62% and 21.67%, respectively, as compared to the control. Aside from that, both cucumber and melon fruits had significantly higher sucrose, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, and soluble protein levels. This subsequently improved the activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in both cucumber and melon. In conclusion, the RHA 40 found to best promote cucumber and melon plant growth, increase plant leaf photosynthesis, and improve cucumber and melon fruit quality, making it a suitable substrate formula for cucumber and melon cultivation in place of peat.
MeSH term(s)	Cucumis sativus ; Cucurbitaceae ; Oryza ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Soil ; Aluminum Oxide ; Aluminum Silicates ; Silicon Dioxide
Chemical Substances	Perlite (0SG101ZGK9) ; vermiculite (1318-00-9) ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Soil ; Aluminum Oxide (LMI26O6933) ; Aluminum Silicates ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-55622-4
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Article ; Online: The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Different Doses of Aliskiren in Rat Models of Inflammation.

Aziz, Tavga Ahmed / Kareem, Ahmed Azad / Othman, Hemn Hassan / Ahmed, Zheen Aorahman

Drug design, development and therapy

2020 Volume 14, Page(s) 2841–2851

Abstract: Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of different doses of aliskiren in two animal models of inflammation.: Methodology: Sixty-six Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: the first group (six rats) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of different doses of aliskiren in two animal models of inflammation. Methodology: Sixty-six Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: the first group (six rats) was treated with the vehicle only, without induction of paw edema and granulomatous inflammation, and served as a negative control; the second group (12 rats) was allocated into two subgroups and treated with the vehicle only, with induction of paw edema and granulomatous inflammation, and served as a positive control; the third group (36 rats) was allocated into six subgroups and treated with different doses of aliskiren (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) in both models; the fourth group (12 rats) was treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) in both models of inflammation. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Skin samples were also sent for histopathological examination. Results: Aliskiren, in a dose-dependent pattern, significantly decreased inflammation in rat models of inflammation, by attenuating the percentage of exudate, granuloma, and paw edema. Furthermore, it significantly reduced serum concentrations of TNF-α, VCAM-1, and hs-CRP and restored the serum concentration of IL-10. Additionally, significant improvement was seen in the histopathological findings. Conclusion: In the current study, aliskiren was successful in decreasing inflammation in both models. These findings suggest that aliskiren is a good candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Amides/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Edema/chemically induced ; Edema/drug therapy ; Edema/pathology ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Fumarates/therapeutic use ; Inflammation/chemically induced ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin/drug effects ; Skin/metabolism ; Skin/pathology
Chemical Substances	Amides ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Fumarates ; Formaldehyde (1HG84L3525) ; aliskiren (502FWN4Q32)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2451346-5
ISSN	1177-8881 ; 1177-8881
ISSN (online)	1177-8881
ISSN	1177-8881
DOI	10.2147/DDDT.S255607
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Article ; Online: Challenges and successful management of subglottic tracheal stenosis in a 2‑year‑old child: A case report and a mini‑review of the literature.

Kakamad, Fahmi H / Fatah, Mariwan L / Rashid, Rezheen J / Hasan, Karzan M / Mohammed, Bilal A / Kareem, Honar Othman / San Ahmed, Sarwat T / Khoshnaw, Khdir Hussein Hamad / Karim, Sanaa O / Abdalla, Berun A / Abdullah, Sarhang Sedeeq

Medicine international

2023 Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 53

Abstract: Tracheal stenosis is a narrowing of the windpipe that can lead to shortness of breath, stridor and even suffocation. The present study reports the clinical course of a patient with this condition in an aim to help clinicians obtain more information about ...

Abstract	Tracheal stenosis is a narrowing of the windpipe that can lead to shortness of breath, stridor and even suffocation. The present study reports the clinical course of a patient with this condition in an aim to help clinicians obtain more information about this rare condition and identify potential treatment options. A 2-year-old female child presented with progressive shortness of breath and stridor. She was initially managed with tracheostomy; however, this was unsuccessful in relieving the stenosis. Subsequent interventions, including rigid bronchoscopy and dilatation were successful in relieving the condition. A benign hypertrophy of the bronchial wall was identified through biopsy. The patient was treated with steroids and antibiotics, and she experienced a marked improvement in symptoms and remained asymptomatic after a 1-year follow-up. Tracheal stenosis is a rare, yet serious condition that may be life-threatening. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition are essential in order to improve outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2754-1304
ISSN (online)	2754-1304
DOI	10.3892/mi.2023.113
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Article: Giant sacrococcygeal teratoma in an infant: a case report with a literature review.

Sabir, Wirya N / Ahmed, Sasan M / Hasan, Karzan M / Mohammed, Bilal A / Kareem, Honar Othman / Najmadden, Zana B / Abdalla, Berun A / Salih, Rawezh Q / Mohammed, Shvan H / Kakamad, Fahmi H / Azaldeen, Hevar A

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2023 Volume 85, Issue 11, Page(s) 5666–5669

Abstract: Introduction and importance: A sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare embryonal tumor that emerges in the sacrococcygeal area. It affects one in every 35 000-40 000 live births. Herein, we report a case of a substantial SCT in a neonate.: Case ... ...

Abstract	Introduction and importance: A sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare embryonal tumor that emerges in the sacrococcygeal area. It affects one in every 35 000-40 000 live births. Herein, we report a case of a substantial SCT in a neonate. Case presentation: A neonate girl from consanguineous parents was delivered by cesarean section with a large mass (18×17 cm) in the sacrococcygeal area. The baby's birth weight was 5 kg, of which 2.5 belonged to the mass. The vital signs were within normal ranges and she had weak movement with bluish peripheral limbs. Oxygen saturation was around 85% for a short period after birth. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Surgical Section, the tumor was type I. After the fifth day of delivery, a complete resection was done through a chevron incision. The patient was put on 'nil by mouth' for about 24 h and given intravenous fluid. Clinical discussion: The histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed extragonadal immature teratoma. The histological classification of SCT is divided into three types: malignant teratomas (consisting of malignant germ cells); immature teratomas (incompletely differentiated structures with a high risk of malignancy or embryonal components); and mature teratomas (fully differentiated tissues). Conclusion: SCT has rarely been reported as a giant mass. Radiologic examinations in the early stages of pregnancy may be essential to the early diagnosis of the condition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000001274
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Article ; Online: Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of

Jabbar, Ahmed Aj / Abdullah, Fuad O / Hassan, Abdullah Othman / Galali, Yaseen / Hassan, Rawaz Rizgar / Rashid, Essa Q / Salih, Musher Ismael / Aziz, Kareem Fattah

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 24

Abstract: ... The ... ...

Abstract	The genus
MeSH term(s)	Phytotherapy ; Boraginaceae ; Ethnobotany ; Ethnopharmacology ; Medicine, Traditional ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Phytochemicals/chemistry ; Rosmarinic Acid
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts ; Phytochemicals
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27248687
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