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  1. Article ; Online: Pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia.

    Reines, Brandon P / Ninham, Barry W

    The Lancet Rheumatology

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 8, Page(s) e458–e459

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2665-9913
    ISSN (online) 2665-9913
    DOI 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30181-8
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  2. Article ; Online: Fear and Not Science Guides Our Current Approach to Covid-19

    Brandon P. Reines

    Substantia, Vol 4, Iss

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: Are Anthony Fauci, the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization our best guides through current events? Are we so confident in their opinions\models of COVID-19 spread that we are willing to risk whole economies? Is it possible that ... ...

    Abstract Are Anthony Fauci, the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization our best guides through current events? Are we so confident in their opinions\models of COVID-19 spread that we are willing to risk whole economies? Is it possible that those authorities not only miscalculate, but see such a small piece of the overall biomedical/social picture that they are creating worse problems—by shouting “fire” in a crowded world theater? I have reason to believe that they will: as a postdoctoral fellow at Fauci’s NIAID from 2004-2009, and one of its few theoretical biologists, I found Dr. Fauci to be exceptionally knowledgeable about all aspects of virus biology and immunity. So it is difficult to understand why he and others are promoting models of COVID-19 spread which all but completely ignore the likelihood that most people will have powerful natural resistance against the virus (unless they are quite old, have hypertension, smoke, or have other pre-existing lung or immunological damage).
    Keywords Covid-19 ; Coronavirus ; US ; models ; History (General) and history of Europe ; D ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; covid19
    Subject code 501
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Firenze University Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia

    Reines, Brandon P / Ninham, Barry W

    The Lancet Rheumatology

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 8, Page(s) e458–e459

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2665-9913
    DOI 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30181-8
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Structure and function of the endothelial surface layer: unraveling the nanoarchitecture of biological surfaces.

    Reines, Brandon P / Ninham, Barry W

    Quarterly reviews of biophysics

    2019  Volume 52, Page(s) e13

    Abstract: Among the unsolved mysteries of modern biology is the nature of a lining of blood vessels called the 'endothelial surface layer' or ESL. In venous micro-vessels, it is half a micron in thickness. The ESL is 10 times thicker than the endothelial ... ...

    Abstract Among the unsolved mysteries of modern biology is the nature of a lining of blood vessels called the 'endothelial surface layer' or ESL. In venous micro-vessels, it is half a micron in thickness. The ESL is 10 times thicker than the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) at its base, has been presumed to be comprised mainly of water, yet is rigid enough to exclude red blood cells. How is this possible? Developments in physical chemistry suggest that the venous ESL is actually comprised of nanobubbles of CO2, generated from tissue metabolism, in a foam nucleated in the eGC. For arteries, the ESL is dominated by nanobubbles of O2 and N2 from inspired air. The bubbles of the foam are separated and stabilized by thin layers of serum electrolyte and proteins, and a palisade of charged polymer strands of the eGC. The ESL seems to be a respiratory organ contiguous with the flowing blood, an extension of, and a 'lung' in miniature. This interpretation may have far-reaching consequences for physiology.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Glycocalyx/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Surface Properties
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209912-3
    ISSN 1469-8994 ; 0033-5835
    ISSN (online) 1469-8994
    ISSN 0033-5835
    DOI 10.1017/S0033583519000118
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  6. Article: Resurrecting FUS: Adrenal Androgens as an Ultimate Cause of Hematuria, Periuria, Pollakuria, Stranguria, Urolithiasis and Obstruction in Neutered Cats.

    Reines, Brandon P / Wagner, Robert A

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2018  Volume 5, Page(s) 207

    Abstract: Although many authors have doubted that "feline urological syndrome" (FUS) describes a real pathogenetic entity, because it subsumes such a large variety of signs, Sumner's recent finding that urethral obstruction occurs most frequently in springtime ... ...

    Abstract Although many authors have doubted that "feline urological syndrome" (FUS) describes a real pathogenetic entity, because it subsumes such a large variety of signs, Sumner's recent finding that urethral obstruction occurs most frequently in springtime adds to a large body of evidence that lower urinary tract problems occur most commonly in late winter and spring. This suggests that FUS may be a unitary disorder, with a hormonal basis, driven by increasing day length. We argue that rising adrenal androgens (AA) in neutered cats induce stress, and other more concrete manifestations of FUS through androgen-driven mechanisms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2018.00207
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  7. Article ; Online: Pulmonary surfactant and COVID-19: A new synthesis.

    Ninham, Barry / Reines, Brandon / Battye, Matthew / Thomas, Paul

    QRB discovery

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) e6

    Abstract: Chapter 1: COVID-19 pathogenesis poses paradoxes difficult to explain with traditional physiology. For instance, since type II pneumocytes are considered the primary cellular target of SARS-CoV-2; as these produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), the ... ...

    Abstract Chapter 1: COVID-19 pathogenesis poses paradoxes difficult to explain with traditional physiology. For instance, since type II pneumocytes are considered the primary cellular target of SARS-CoV-2; as these produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), the possibility that insufficient PS plays a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis has been raised. However, the opposite of predicted
    Chapter 2: For a long time, physical, colloid and surface chemistry have not intersected with physiology and cell biology as much as we might have hoped. The reasons are starting to become clear. The discipline of physical chemistry suffered from serious unrecognised omissions that rendered it ineffective. These foundational defects included omission of specific ion molecular forces and hydration effects. The discipline lacked a predictive theory of self-assembly of lipids and proteins. Worse, theory omitted any role for dissolved gases, O
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2633-2892
    ISSN (online) 2633-2892
    DOI 10.1017/qrd.2022.1
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  8. Article ; Online: Resurrecting FUS

    Brandon P. Reines / Robert A. Wagner

    Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

    Adrenal Androgens as an Ultimate Cause of Hematuria, Periuria, Pollakuria, Stranguria, Urolithiasis and Obstruction in Neutered Cats

    2018  Volume 5

    Abstract: Although many authors have doubted that “feline urological syndrome” (FUS) describes a real pathogenetic entity, because it subsumes such a large variety of signs, Sumner's recent finding that urethral obstruction occurs most frequently in springtime ... ...

    Abstract Although many authors have doubted that “feline urological syndrome” (FUS) describes a real pathogenetic entity, because it subsumes such a large variety of signs, Sumner's recent finding that urethral obstruction occurs most frequently in springtime adds to a large body of evidence that lower urinary tract problems occur most commonly in late winter and spring. This suggests that FUS may be a unitary disorder, with a hormonal basis, driven by increasing day length. We argue that rising adrenal androgens (AA) in neutered cats induce stress, and other more concrete manifestations of FUS through androgen-driven mechanisms.
    Keywords cats ; animals ; androgens ; urethral obstruction ; urologic diseases ; seasons ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
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  9. Article: Is rheumatoid arthritis premature osteoarthritis with fetal-like healing?

    Reines, Brandon P

    Autoimmunity reviews

    2004  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 305–311

    Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is now known to share many pathogenetic features with osteoarthritis including synovial activation with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the synovial fluid. As premature chondrocyte aging and dedifferentiation is ... ...

    Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is now known to share many pathogenetic features with osteoarthritis including synovial activation with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the synovial fluid. As premature chondrocyte aging and dedifferentiation is increasingly accepted as integral to OA pathogenesis, premature aging of chondrocytes and perhaps subchondral bone may underlie RA. This hypothesis explains many otherwise enigmatic features of RA joint pathology such as the homing of pannus to cartilage. In addition, the surprising finding of mesenchymal precursor cells in RA joints has led to speculation that some aspect of RA pathogenesis involves an attempt to recapitulate the embryonic limb development program. In its totality, RA seems to consist of an attempt to regenerate damaged cartilage and subchondral bone in an adult organism. Since this is impossible, the best the pannus can do is to crawl through empty cartilage lacunae and replace the cartilage and subchondral bone with scar tissue. As opposed to fetal healing, inflammation is necessary to sustain and control the fibroproliferation. Two recently-discovered blood cell types seem to maintain and regulate fibroplastic states in humans: (1) CD34+ and/or monocytoid stem-cell precursors replace aging mesenchymal cells, and (2) regulatory-type adherent CD4+CD28-T cells control growth of those increasingly apoptosis-resistant mesenchymal cells. Such cells occur at multiple sites in AID patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Animals ; Antigens, CD34/genetics ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology ; CD28 Antigens/genetics ; CD28 Antigens/metabolism ; CD4 Antigens/genetics ; CD4 Antigens/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Immunological ; Osteoarthritis/metabolism ; Osteoarthritis/pathology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD34 ; CD28 Antigens ; CD4 Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2144145-5
    ISSN 1568-9972
    ISSN 1568-9972
    DOI 10.1016/j.autrev.2003.11.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5913: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article: Unexpected regeneration in middle-aged mice.

    Reines, Brandon / Cheng, Lily I / Matzinger, Polly

    Rejuvenation research

    2009  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–52

    Abstract: Complete regeneration of damaged extremities, including both the epithelium and the underlying tissues, is thought to occur mainly in embryos, fetuses, and juvenile mammals, but only very rarely in adult mammals. Surprisingly, we found that common ... ...

    Abstract Complete regeneration of damaged extremities, including both the epithelium and the underlying tissues, is thought to occur mainly in embryos, fetuses, and juvenile mammals, but only very rarely in adult mammals. Surprisingly, we found that common strains of mice are able to regenerate all of the tissues necessary to completely fill experimentally punched ear holes, but only if punched at middle age. Although young postweaning mice regrew the epithelium without typical pre-scar granulation tissue, they showed only minimal regeneration of connective tissues. In contrast, mice punched at 5-11 months of age showed true amphibian-like blastema formation and regrowth of cartilage, fat, and dermis, with blood vessels, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and, in black mice, melanocytes. These data suggest that at least partial appendage regeneration may be more common in adult mammals than previously thought and call into question the common view that regenerative ability is lost with age. The data suggest that the age at which various inbred mouse strains become capable of epimorphic regeneration may be correlated with adult body weight.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Dermis/physiology ; Ear/injuries ; Ear/physiology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Regeneration/physiology ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Wound Healing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2150779-X
    ISSN 1557-8577 ; 1549-1684
    ISSN (online) 1557-8577
    ISSN 1549-1684
    DOI 10.1089/rej.2008.0792
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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