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Article ; Online: Sniffing out what Australians know and believe about Drug Detector Dogs.

Oliva, Jessica Lee / Cobb, Mia L

Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS

2022 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: The ways in which drugs are policed, differs from country to country, with Drug Detector Dogs (DDDs) a commonly used detection strategy in Australia. However, their effectiveness has been scrutinized by Australian media and research. Despite this, their ... ...

Abstract	The ways in which drugs are policed, differs from country to country, with Drug Detector Dogs (DDDs) a commonly used detection strategy in Australia. However, their effectiveness has been scrutinized by Australian media and research. Despite this, their work and lives "on the job" continue to be portrayed in a positive light on popular television shows such as Border Security. The aim of the current study was to ascertain public perceptions and knowledge surrounding DDDs using a sample of 129 Australians. Results revealed participants believed DDDs were equally as interesting and as happy as companion dogs. However, while there was general support for both dog roles in human lives, participants were relatively less supportive of the use of DDDs. Importantly, findings suggest general Australians have little awareness of the lives of DDDs "off the job," including housing and handling practices that directly impact animal welfare. We suggest that greater transparency around these aspects of the dogs' lives and welfare experience be made publicly available so that the DDD industry can maintain their social license to operate.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1532-7604
ISSN (online)	1532-7604
DOI	10.1080/10888705.2022.2116582
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Public Perceptions of Australian Assistance Dogs: Happier and Better Used Than Companion Dogs.

Gibson, Paris Emmanuelle / Oliva, Jessica Lee

Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS

2021 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–30

Abstract: Previous studies have revealed cultural differences in perceptions of assistance dogs, but this has not been investigated in almost 20 years. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the Australian public's perceptions toward both assistance and ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have revealed cultural differences in perceptions of assistance dogs, but this has not been investigated in almost 20 years. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the Australian public's perceptions toward both assistance and companion dogs. A questionnaire was completed by 258 Australians asking about their interest in, attitudes towards, and perceived happiness of the two types of dogs. Results revealed participants were equally interested in them, but More supportive of the use of assistance dogs, and perceived them as happier. Qualitative analyses revealed participants commonly endorsed the practical benefits of assistance dogs and the emotional benefits of companion dogs. Differences in happiness ratings can potentially be explained by the common endorsement that companion dogs are sometimes neglected while assistance dogs enjoy working and constant companionship with their handler. However, several participants expressed concern regarding the restrictive nature of the assistance work. There was an increase in concerns raised for the welfare of both dogs as compared to previous studies, suggesting a rise in concern about dog welfare and the ethics of keeping dogs for human benefits.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia ; Dogs ; Happiness ; Pets ; Public Opinion ; Service Animals
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1532-7604
ISSN (online)	1532-7604
DOI	10.1080/10888705.2021.1931869
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Article: Dog Tales: Mindful Dog Interactions Evoke Similar Experiences to Dog Assisted Mindfulness Meditations.

Oliva, Jessica Lee / Green, Tim Robert

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: Stay-at-home regulations in response to COVID-19 have put humans at increased risk of loneliness. Some studies support dog ownership as a protection against loneliness, while other studies have suggested the lockdowns can be used to reflect upon the ... ...

Abstract	Stay-at-home regulations in response to COVID-19 have put humans at increased risk of loneliness. Some studies support dog ownership as a protection against loneliness, while other studies have suggested the lockdowns can be used to reflect upon the similar restrictions owners impose on their pets on a daily basis. This study evaluated two novel ways to enrich the lives of pet dogs in the home, while also providing benefits to owners. It was hypothesized that a six-week Dog Assisted Mindfulness (DAM) intervention and a Dog Interactions (DI) intervention would positively impact owner-rated loneliness, mindfulness, and owner-dog emotional attachment, compared to a control group. Seventy-three participants were randomly assigned to each group. Mixed methods ANOVAs found no significant main effects of group, nor any group × time interaction effects. Qualitative analyses revealed common experiences among participants in the two active interventions, including enhanced owner-dog connection, and feelings of relaxation, happiness and engagement both during and after participating in the weekly activities. There was also an added benefit of 'dog happiness' in the interactions group. Future studies should investigate this in a more objective manner and in the meantime, regular owner-dog interactions should be encouraged, especially during times of extended lockdown.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11072104
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Article ; Online: Woeful Walks? Dog Walking Not Associated with Mindfulness or Loneliness in Australians Living Alone During a COVID-19 Lockdown

Qian Lau, Rachel Rou / Oliva, Jessica Lee

Anthrozoös. 2023 Jan. 02, v. 36, no. 1 p.99-115

2023

Abstract: Australian dog owners living alone were less likely to be lonely than non-dog owners living alone during the first COVID-19 government-enforced lockdown. Qualitative insights suggested this might be due to dog owners leaving the house more to walk their ... ...

Abstract	Australian dog owners living alone were less likely to be lonely than non-dog owners living alone during the first COVID-19 government-enforced lockdown. Qualitative insights suggested this might be due to dog owners leaving the house more to walk their dogs. The current study aimed to replicate and extend these findings by exploring whether the relationship between dog-walking frequency and loneliness is mediated by mindfulness. Dog owners in the Australian state of Victoria, who were experiencing a second lockdown, were studied. The research also aimed to compare loneliness between Victorians experiencing a second lockdown and non-Victorians who remained out of lockdown. Comparisons between dog owners, cat owners, and non-owners were also made. Participants were 534 Australians living alone (281 from Victoria and 253 from other Australian states and territories) who completed an online self-report questionnaire. As expected, Victorians under lockdown were significantly lonelier than non-Victorians out of lockdown, with medium effect size, highlighting the second lockdown’s negative impact on mental well-being. For Victorians under lockdown, dog owners demonstrated less loneliness than non-owners, with a small effect. In contrast, for non-Victorians not under lockdown, both dog and cat owners demonstrated less loneliness than non-owners, with a small effect for cats and a small-medium effect for dogs, depending on the measure used. Contrary to expectations, mindfulness in locked-down dog owners did not mediate the relationship between dog-walking frequency and loneliness after adjusting for previous mindfulness experience. However, a significant direct effect of mindfulness on loneliness signified that mindfulness could effectively alleviate loneliness. Findings suggest that mindfulness might protect individuals living alone from loneliness, but dog walking alone may not increase mindfulness nor decrease loneliness. Hence, alternative ways to increase mindfulness during lockdowns should be explored.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; dogs ; questionnaires ; Victoria (Australia) ; Cat ; connectedness ; Corona ; human–animal interaction ; meditation ; pet
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0102
Size	p. 99-115.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1753-0377
DOI	10.1080/08927936.2022.2074191
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Development of the Pet Owner Connectedness Scale (POCS)

Oliva, Jessica Lee / Johnston, Kim Louise

Anthrozoös. 2022 July 04, v. 35, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Studies that have reported on the loneliness protective effect of pet ownership have recently been called into question owing to methodological drawbacks, including the use of inappropriate scales of measurement for loneliness in pet owner samples. It ... ...

Abstract	Studies that have reported on the loneliness protective effect of pet ownership have recently been called into question owing to methodological drawbacks, including the use of inappropriate scales of measurement for loneliness in pet owner samples. It has also been recently demonstrated that pet interactions may only influence positive, not negative, human affect. In light of these recent advances, the current study aimed to create a new scale focusing on the inverse experience of loneliness: connectedness. An initial 24-item scale was developed using qualitative data collected from our previous study investigating the impact of pet ownership for Australians living alone during a government-enforced lockdown in response to COVID-19. Study 1 included 934 dog and cat owners who self-selected into the online study. Factor analyses revealed two distinct factors, and only items that loaded uniquely on one factor were retained. Study 2 included 526 dog and cat owners who self-selected into the online study, which confirmed the two-factor structure and established validity and reliability of the scale. The result was a 14-item Pet Owner Connectedness Scale (POCS) with two subscales: (i) owner–pet connection, and (ii) connectedness through pet. Hence, we present evidence for a new scale that can be used to measure the positive social states of connectedness that owners may gain from their pets. This may provide a good alternative to more traditional methods such as measuring the buffering effect pets have on negative social states such as loneliness. It may also offer a more robust method to measure the impact of pet interactions on their owners.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; dogs ; humans ; pet ownership ; pets ; protective effect
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0704
Size	p. 545-557.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ISSN	1753-0377
DOI	10.1080/08927936.2022.2027095
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Puppy love in the time of Corona: Dog ownership protects against loneliness for those living alone during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Oliva, Jessica Lee / Johnston, Kim Louise

The International journal of social psychiatry

2020 Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 232–242

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many countries enforcing a 'lockdown', whereby people are instructed to stay at home.: Aim: The aim of this study was to capture the experience of such a lockdown in Australians living alone, with and ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many countries enforcing a 'lockdown', whereby people are instructed to stay at home. Aim: The aim of this study was to capture the experience of such a lockdown in Australians living alone, with and without a dog or a cat. Method: Three hundred and eighty-four participants completed an online survey evaluating their levels of loneliness, mindfulness and mood. For participants who owned a dog or a cat, a measure of dog/cat interactions was also administered as well as two open-ended questions about how being a pet owner affected their experience of COVID-19 and how COVID-19 affected their pet. Results: Contrary to expectations, cat owners were found to be less mindful than non-owners and pet interactions did not account for levels of loneliness or levels of mindfulness. In line with our expectations, however, stress and depression positively predicted loneliness, while mindfulness and being a dog owner were protective against it. Insights from qualitative responses suggest that this might be due to the fact that dogs encourage a routine which involves getting out of the house and walking, which itself offers opportunities to socialise with other people doing the same thing. Conclusion: These findings add to the emerging literature on mental well-being during a lockdown and the unique role that pets play in their owners' experiences.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cats ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Dogs ; Female ; Human-Animal Bond ; Humans ; Loneliness/psychology ; Male ; Mental Health/trends ; Physical Distancing ; Protective Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/etiology ; Stress, Psychological/prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3062-4
ISSN	1741-2854 ; 0020-7640
ISSN (online)	1741-2854
ISSN	0020-7640
DOI	10.1177/0020764020944195
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Public Perceptions of Australian Assistance Dogs: Happier and Better Used Than Companion Dogs

Gibson, Paris Emmanuelle / Oliva, Jessica Lee

Journal of applied animal welfare science. 2022 Jan. 02, v. 25, no. 1

2022

Abstract	Previous studies have revealed cultural differences in perceptions of assistance dogs, but this has not been investigated in almost 20 years. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the Australian public’s perceptions toward both assistance and companion dogs. A questionnaire was completed by 258 Australians asking about their interest in, attitudes towards, and perceived happiness of the two types of dogs. Results revealed participants were equally interested in them, but More supportive of the use of assistance dogs, and perceived them as happier. Qualitative analyses revealed participants commonly endorsed the practical benefits of assistance dogs and the emotional benefits of companion dogs. Differences in happiness ratings can potentially be explained by the common endorsement that companion dogs are sometimes neglected while assistance dogs enjoy working and constant companionship with their handler. However, several participants expressed concern regarding the restrictive nature of the assistance work. There was an increase in concerns raised for the welfare of both dogs as compared to previous studies, suggesting a rise in concern about dog welfare and the ethics of keeping dogs for human benefits.
Keywords	animal welfare ; ethics ; humans ; questionnaires
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0102
Size	p. 18-30.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1532-7604
DOI	10.1080/10888705.2021.1931869
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Dog Tales: Mindful Dog Interactions Evoke Similar Experiences to Dog Assisted Mindfulness Meditations

Oliva, Jessica Lee / Green, Tim Robert

Animals. 2021 July 15, v. 11, no. 7

2021

Abstract	Stay-at-home regulations in response to COVID-19 have put humans at increased risk of loneliness. Some studies support dog ownership as a protection against loneliness, while other studies have suggested the lockdowns can be used to reflect upon the similar restrictions owners impose on their pets on a daily basis. This study evaluated two novel ways to enrich the lives of pet dogs in the home, while also providing benefits to owners. It was hypothesized that a six-week Dog Assisted Mindfulness (DAM) intervention and a Dog Interactions (DI) intervention would positively impact owner-rated loneliness, mindfulness, and owner–dog emotional attachment, compared to a control group. Seventy-three participants were randomly assigned to each group. Mixed methods ANOVAs found no significant main effects of group, nor any group × time interaction effects. Qualitative analyses revealed common experiences among participants in the two active interventions, including enhanced owner–dog connection, and feelings of relaxation, happiness and engagement both during and after participating in the weekly activities. There was also an added benefit of ‘dog happiness’ in the interactions group. Future studies should investigate this in a more objective manner and in the meantime, regular owner–dog interactions should be encouraged, especially during times of extended lockdown.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; dogs ; ownership ; risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0715
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11072104
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Dog Tales

Jessica Lee Oliva / Tim Robert Green

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 2104, p

Mindful Dog Interactions Evoke Similar Experiences to Dog Assisted Mindfulness Meditations

2021 Volume 2104

Abstract	Stay-at-home regulations in response to COVID-19 have put humans at increased risk of loneliness. Some studies support dog ownership as a protection against loneliness, while other studies have suggested the lockdowns can be used to reflect upon the similar restrictions owners impose on their pets on a daily basis. This study evaluated two novel ways to enrich the lives of pet dogs in the home, while also providing benefits to owners. It was hypothesized that a six-week Dog Assisted Mindfulness (DAM) intervention and a Dog Interactions (DI) intervention would positively impact owner-rated loneliness, mindfulness, and owner–dog emotional attachment, compared to a control group. Seventy-three participants were randomly assigned to each group. Mixed methods ANOVAs found no significant main effects of group, nor any group × time interaction effects. Qualitative analyses revealed common experiences among participants in the two active interventions, including enhanced owner–dog connection, and feelings of relaxation, happiness and engagement both during and after participating in the weekly activities. There was also an added benefit of ‘dog happiness’ in the interactions group. Future studies should investigate this in a more objective manner and in the meantime, regular owner–dog interactions should be encouraged, especially during times of extended lockdown.
Keywords	dog ; mindfulness ; meditation ; COVID-19 ; AAI ; interactions ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Web-based treatment for depression in pregnancy: a feasibility study of Mum2BMoodBooster.

Gemmill, Alan W / Oliva, Jessica Lee / Ericksen, Jennifer / Holt, Charlene / Holt, Christopher J / Milgrom, Jeannette

BMC psychiatry

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 476

Abstract: Background: Depression in pregnancy is prevalent, under-treated, and has serious impacts on the wellbeing of women and on child development. Internet programs can reach women who may not access traditional treatments due to distance, stigma or concern ... ...

Abstract	Background: Depression in pregnancy is prevalent, under-treated, and has serious impacts on the wellbeing of women and on child development. Internet programs can reach women who may not access traditional treatments due to distance, stigma or concern about taking medication. We adapted our online postnatal depression program, MumMoodBooster, for antenatal use. We aimed to trial feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the new Mum2BMoodBooster intervention with depressed pregnant women. Methods: Twenty-seven pregnant women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score > 11 used the program in a feasibility trial. Twenty-one had current diagnoses of major or minor depression on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. Assessment of symptoms occurred at screening/baseline, post-test (8 weeks post-enrollment), and at follow-up (3 months postpartum) using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Results: In this feasibility trial, depression scores on both the PHQ-9 and the DASS-21, showed significant reductions representing large effects, with average symptom scores reduced by > 50%, and maintained in the 'minimal or no depression' range at 3 month follow-up. Anxiety scores also decreased significantly. Program usage was high with 74% of women visiting all six sessions. Program acceptability ratings were moderate to high. Conclusions: Findings paralleled the magnitude of symptom reductions seen in randomised trials of the postnatal MumMoodBooster program, suggesting that Mum2BMoodBooster is an effective treatment for depressed pregnant women. Effective internet therapies are likely to become increasingly important as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to make face-to-face access to health care problematic during 'lockdowns'.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-022-04111-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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