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  1. Article ; Online: Une philosophie de terrain ? Réflexion critique à partir de deux journées d’étude

    Marine Bedon / Maud Benetreau / Marion Bérard / Margaux Dubar

    Astérion, Vol

    2021  Volume 24

    Abstract: In recent years, more and more philosophy scholars have been practicing what social sciences commonly refer to as “fieldwork”. However, what one may call “field philosophy” raises a number of specific issues. What is fieldwork in philosophy? Why should ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, more and more philosophy scholars have been practicing what social sciences commonly refer to as “fieldwork”. However, what one may call “field philosophy” raises a number of specific issues. What is fieldwork in philosophy? Why should philosophers engage in fieldwork? How can they proceed both in theory and in practice? The present paper draws on the two-day conference that took place in Lyon in 2019 bringing together philosophy scholars and PhD students who conducted fieldwork in the domains of health and ecology. Based on these discussions, we question the objects, forms, methods, and aims of this approach, while proposing some methodological milestones. As a method that is rooted in the philosophical tradition all the while being concerned with its ongoing topicality, field philosophy as we understand it contributes to enriching the philosophical discipline in its bibliographical and historian traditions, and to elucidating the relationship between philosophy and society. We believe that a community of inquiry is thus crucial in fostering methodological creativity and in continuing to elaborate on the aims and methods of this practice.
    Keywords field philosophy ; fieldwork ; philosophical method ; health ; ecology ; contemporary philosophy ; History (General) and history of Europe ; D ; Philosophy (General) ; B1-5802
    Subject code 100
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Microbiota-induced active translocation of peptidoglycan across the intestinal barrier dictates its within-host dissemination.

    Wheeler, Richard / Bastos, Paulo André Dias / Disson, Olivier / Rifflet, Aline / Gabanyi, Ilana / Spielbauer, Julia / Bérard, Marion / Lecuit, Marc / Boneca, Ivo Gomperts

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 4, Page(s) e2209936120

    Abstract: Peptidoglycan, the major structural polymer forming the cell wall of bacteria, is an important mediator of physiological and behavioral effects in mammalian hosts. These effects are frequently linked to its translocation from the intestinal lumen to host ...

    Abstract Peptidoglycan, the major structural polymer forming the cell wall of bacteria, is an important mediator of physiological and behavioral effects in mammalian hosts. These effects are frequently linked to its translocation from the intestinal lumen to host tissues. However, the modality and regulation of this translocation across the gut barrier has not been precisely addressed. In this study, we characterized the absorption of peptidoglycan across the intestine and its systemic dissemination. We report that peptidoglycan has a distinct tropism for host organs when absorbed via the gut, most notably by favoring access to the brain. We demonstrate that intestinal translocation of peptidoglycan occurs through a microbiota-induced active process. This process is regulated by the parasympathetic pathway via the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Together, this study reveals fundamental parameters concerning the uptake of a major microbiota molecular signal from the steady-state gut.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Peptidoglycan/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Peptidoglycan
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2209936120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Deciphering the mechanisms underlying brain alterations and cognitive impairment in congenital myotonic dystrophy.

    De Serres-Bérard, Thiéry / Pierre, Marion / Chahine, Mohamed / Puymirat, Jack

    Neurobiology of disease

    2021  Volume 160, Page(s) 105532

    Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic and heterogeneous disorder caused by the expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' UTR of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. There is a congenital form (CDM1) of the disease characterized by ... ...

    Abstract Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic and heterogeneous disorder caused by the expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' UTR of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. There is a congenital form (CDM1) of the disease characterized by severe hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency as well as developmental delays and intellectual disabilities. CDM1 infants manifest important brain structure abnormalities present from birth while, in contrast, older patients with adult-onset DM1 often present neurodegenerative features and milder progressive cognitive deficits. Promising therapies targeting central molecular mechanisms contributing to the symptoms of adult-onset DM1 are currently in development, but their relevance for treating cognitive impairment in CDM1, which seems to be a partially distinct neurodevelopmental disorder, remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide an update on the clinical presentation of CDM1 and review recent in vitro and in vivo models that have provided meaningful insights on its consequences in development, with a particular focus on the brain. We discuss how enhanced toxic gain-of-function of the mutated DMPK transcripts with larger CUG repeats and the resulting dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins may affect the developing cortex in utero. Because the methylation of CpG islets flanking the trinucleotide repeats has emerged as a strong biomarker of CDM1, we highlight the need to investigate the tissue-specific impacts of these chromatin modifications in the brain. Finally, we outline promising potential therapeutic treatments for CDM1 and propose future in vitro and in vivo models with great potential to shed light on this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/metabolism ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics ; Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism ; Humans ; Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnostic imaging ; Myotonic Dystrophy/genetics ; Myotonic Dystrophy/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1211786-9
    ISSN 1095-953X ; 0969-9961
    ISSN (online) 1095-953X
    ISSN 0969-9961
    DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105532
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: More than ticking boxes: Training Lyme disease education ambassadors to meet outreach and surveillance challenges in Québec, Canada.

    Forest-Bérard, Karl / Ripoche, Marion / Irace-Cima, Alejandra / Thivierge, Karine / Adam-Poupart, Ariane

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) e0258466

    Abstract: Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging public health threat in Canada, associated with the northward range expansion of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To address this, public health authorities have been carrying out surveillance activities and ... ...

    Abstract Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging public health threat in Canada, associated with the northward range expansion of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To address this, public health authorities have been carrying out surveillance activities and awareness campaigns targeting vulnerable populations such as outdoor workers. Implementing these measures is time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting the assessment of alternatives. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of a training-of-trainers-inspired approach in raising awareness about LD risk and prevention among workers and general population, as well as to evaluate its potential to contribute to provincial LD surveillance efforts. We trained a group of workers from publicly-accessible outdoor parks of the province of Québec to become "LD education ambassadors". Ambassadors were trained to raise tick and LD awareness, share information on preventive measures in their respective communities, and lead tick sampling activities using a standardised protocol similar to that used by Public Health authorities. Ambassador-led outreach activities, public reach, sampling activities and collected ticks were documented, as well as ambassadors' satisfaction with the training using forms and semi-structured interviews. In total, 18 ambassadors from 12 organizations were trained. Between June and September 2019, they led 28 independent outreach activities, reaching over 1 860 individuals (from occupational and general public settings) in seven public health units. Ambassadors led 28 tick samplings, together collecting 11 I. scapularis ticks. This study suggests that an adapted training-of-trainers is a feasible approach to raising tick and LD risk awareness among Québec outdoor workers and public. Trained ambassadors have the potential of reaching a large portion of the population visiting or working in outdoor parks while also providing much-needed outreach regarding risk and prevention. Pushing this concept further to include other types of workers and jurisdictions may contribute to national LD surveillance efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Canada ; Female ; Humans ; Ixodes/physiology ; Lyme Disease/parasitology ; Lyme Disease/prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Quebec ; Volunteers/education
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0258466
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Dedicated Program for Adolescent and Young Adults With Cancer: A Better Way to Inform About Sexual and Fertility Issues.

    Bertrand, Amandine / Aho, Simon / Rousset-Jablonski, Christine / Cessot, Marion / Christophe, Véronique / Marec-Bérard, Perrine / Ray-Coquard, Isabelle

    JCO oncology practice

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 642

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility/therapy ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Sexual Behavior ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3028198-2
    ISSN 2688-1535 ; 2688-1527
    ISSN (online) 2688-1535
    ISSN 2688-1527
    DOI 10.1200/OP.21.00452
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: More than ticking boxes

    Karl Forest-Bérard / Marion Ripoche / Alejandra Irace-Cima / Karine Thivierge / Ariane Adam-Poupart

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e

    Training Lyme disease education ambassadors to meet outreach and surveillance challenges in Québec, Canada.

    2021  Volume 0258466

    Abstract: Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging public health threat in Canada, associated with the northward range expansion of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To address this, public health authorities have been carrying out surveillance activities and ... ...

    Abstract Lyme disease (LD) is an emerging public health threat in Canada, associated with the northward range expansion of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). To address this, public health authorities have been carrying out surveillance activities and awareness campaigns targeting vulnerable populations such as outdoor workers. Implementing these measures is time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting the assessment of alternatives. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of a training-of-trainers-inspired approach in raising awareness about LD risk and prevention among workers and general population, as well as to evaluate its potential to contribute to provincial LD surveillance efforts. We trained a group of workers from publicly-accessible outdoor parks of the province of Québec to become "LD education ambassadors". Ambassadors were trained to raise tick and LD awareness, share information on preventive measures in their respective communities, and lead tick sampling activities using a standardised protocol similar to that used by Public Health authorities. Ambassador-led outreach activities, public reach, sampling activities and collected ticks were documented, as well as ambassadors' satisfaction with the training using forms and semi-structured interviews. In total, 18 ambassadors from 12 organizations were trained. Between June and September 2019, they led 28 independent outreach activities, reaching over 1 860 individuals (from occupational and general public settings) in seven public health units. Ambassadors led 28 tick samplings, together collecting 11 I. scapularis ticks. This study suggests that an adapted training-of-trainers is a feasible approach to raising tick and LD risk awareness among Québec outdoor workers and public. Trained ambassadors have the potential of reaching a large portion of the population visiting or working in outdoor parks while also providing much-needed outreach regarding risk and prevention. Pushing this concept further to include other types of ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Mice humanized for MHC and hACE2 with high permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 omicron replication.

    Le Chevalier, Fabien / Authié, Pierre / Chardenoux, Sébastien / Bourgine, Maryline / Vesin, Benjamin / Cussigh, Delphine / Sassier, Yohann / Fert, Ingrid / Noirat, Amandine / Nemirov, Kirill / Anna, François / Bérard, Marion / Guinet, Françoise / Hardy, David / Charneau, Pierre / Lemonnier, François / Langa-Vives, Francina / Majlessi, Laleh

    Microbes and infection

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 105142

    Abstract: Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the major receptor enabling host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with Spike. The murine ACE2 does not interact efficiently with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and therefore the laboratory mouse strains are ... ...

    Abstract Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the major receptor enabling host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with Spike. The murine ACE2 does not interact efficiently with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and therefore the laboratory mouse strains are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we generated new hACE2 transgenic mice, which harbor the hACE2 gene under the human keratin 18 promoter, in "HHD-DR1" background. HHD-DR1 mice are fully devoid of murine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of class-I and -II and express only MHC molecules from Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) HLA 02.01, DRA01.01, DRB1.01.01 alleles, widely expressed in human populations. We selected three transgenic strains, with various hACE2 mRNA expression levels and distinctive profiles of lung and/or brain permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 replication. These new hACE2 transgenic strains display high permissiveness to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants, while the previously available B6.K18-ACE2
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Permissiveness ; COVID-19 ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice, Transgenic
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-19
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1465093-9
    ISSN 1769-714X ; 1286-4579
    ISSN (online) 1769-714X
    ISSN 1286-4579
    DOI 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105142
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The gut environment regulates bacterial gene expression which modulates susceptibility to bacteriophage infection.

    Lourenço, Marta / Chaffringeon, Lorenzo / Lamy-Besnier, Quentin / Titécat, Marie / Pédron, Thierry / Sismeiro, Odile / Legendre, Rachel / Varet, Hugo / Coppée, Jean-Yves / Bérard, Marion / De Sordi, Luisa / Debarbieux, Laurent

    Cell host & microbe

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 556–569.e5

    Abstract: Abundance and diversity of bacteria and their viral predators, bacteriophages (phages), in the digestive tract are associated with human health. Particularly intriguing is the long-term coexistence of these two antagonistic populations. We performed ... ...

    Abstract Abundance and diversity of bacteria and their viral predators, bacteriophages (phages), in the digestive tract are associated with human health. Particularly intriguing is the long-term coexistence of these two antagonistic populations. We performed genome-wide RNA sequencing on a human enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolate to identify genes differentially expressed between in vitro conditions and in murine intestines. We experimentally demonstrated that four of these differentially expressed genes modified the interactions between E. coli and three virulent phages by either increasing or decreasing its susceptibility/resistance pattern and also by interfering with biofilm formation. Therefore, the regulation of bacterial genes expression during the colonization of the digestive tract influences the coexistence of phages and bacteria, highlighting the intricacy of tripartite relationships between phages, bacteria, and the animal host in intestinal homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteriophages/physiology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Age-associated gut microbiota impair hippocampus-dependent memory in a vagus-dependent manner.

    Rei, Damien / Saha, Soham / Haddad, Marianne / Rubio, Anna Haider / Perlaza, Blanca Liliana / Berard, Marion / Ungeheuer, Marie-Noelle / Sokol, Harry / Lledo, Pierre-Marie

    JCI insight

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 15

    Abstract: Aging is known to be associated with hippocampus-dependent memory decline, but the underlying causes of this age-related memory impairment remain highly debated. Here, we show that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from aged, but not young, animal ... ...

    Abstract Aging is known to be associated with hippocampus-dependent memory decline, but the underlying causes of this age-related memory impairment remain highly debated. Here, we show that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from aged, but not young, animal donors into young mice is sufficient to trigger profound hippocampal alterations, including astrogliosis, decreased adult neurogenesis, decreased novelty-induced neuronal activation, and impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, similar alterations were reported when mice were subjected to an FMT from aged human donors. To decipher the mechanisms involved in mediating these microbiota-induced effects on brain function, we mapped the vagus nerve-related (VN-related) neuronal activity patterns and report that aged FMT animals showed a reduction in neuronal activity in the ascending-VN output brain structure, whether under basal condition or after VN stimulation. Targeted pharmacogenetic manipulation of VN-ascending neurons demonstrated that the decrease in vagal activity is detrimental to hippocampal functions. In contrast, increasing vagal ascending activity alleviated the adverse effects of aged mouse FMT on hippocampal functions and had a promnesic effect in aged mice. Thus, pharmacogenetic VN stimulation is a potential therapeutic strategy to lessen microbiota-dependent age-associated impairments in hippocampal functions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurogenesis ; Vagus Nerve
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2379-3708
    ISSN (online) 2379-3708
    DOI 10.1172/jci.insight.147700
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Antisense oligonucleotides as a potential treatment for brain deficits observed in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

    Ait Benichou, Siham / Jauvin, Dominic / De Serres-Bérard, Thiéry / Pierre, Marion / Ling, Karen K / Bennett, C Frank / Rigo, Frank / Gourdon, Genevieve / Chahine, Mohamed / Puymirat, Jack

    Gene therapy

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 698–709

    Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy, or dystrophia myotonica type 1 (DM1), is a multi-systemic disorder and is the most common adult form of muscular dystrophy. It affects not only muscles but also many organs, including the brain. Cerebral impairments include cognitive ... ...

    Abstract Myotonic dystrophy, or dystrophia myotonica type 1 (DM1), is a multi-systemic disorder and is the most common adult form of muscular dystrophy. It affects not only muscles but also many organs, including the brain. Cerebral impairments include cognitive deficits, daytime sleepiness, and loss of visuospatial and memory functions. The expression of mutated transcripts with CUG repeats results in a gain of toxic mRNA function. The antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy to treat DM1 brain deficits is limited by the fact that ASOs do not cross the blood-brain barrier after systemic administration, indicating that other methods of delivery should be considered. ASO technology has emerged as a powerful tool for developing potential new therapies for a wide variety of human diseases, and its potential has been proven in a recent clinical trial. Targeting DMPK mRNA in neural cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from a DM1 patient with the IONIS 486178 ASO abolished CUG-expanded foci, enabled nuclear redistribution of MBNL1/2, and corrected aberrant splicing. Intracerebroventricular injection of the IONIS 486178 ASO in DMSXL mice decreased the levels of mutant DMPK mRNAs by up to 70% throughout different brain regions. It also reversed behavioral abnormalities following neonatal administration. The present study indicated that the IONIS 486178 ASO targets mutant DMPK mRNAs in the brain and strongly supports the feasibility of a therapy for DM1 patients based on the intrathecal injection of an ASO.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Myotonic Dystrophy/therapy ; Myotonic Dystrophy/drug therapy ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase/genetics ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Myotonin-Protein Kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Oligonucleotides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1191036-7
    ISSN 1476-5462 ; 0969-7128
    ISSN (online) 1476-5462
    ISSN 0969-7128
    DOI 10.1038/s41434-022-00316-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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