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Article ; Online: Gender and Racialization Status of Medical Eponym Namesakes: Cross-sectional Study.

Bhambra, Nishaant / Waicus, Sarah / Persaud, Navindra

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2024

Abstract: Background: Many medical eponyms were established when women and racialized individuals were excluded from medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the gender and racialization status of individuals whose names are incorporated in medical ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many medical eponyms were established when women and racialized individuals were excluded from medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the gender and racialization status of individuals whose names are incorporated in medical eponyms. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of gender and racialization of medical eponym namesakes. The main outcome measures were the study of gender and racialization of medical eponym namesakes found in Whonamedit, Mosby's Medical Dictionary, and the International Classification of Diseases (version 10). The gender and whether the individual was a racialized person were determined using pictures and other available information. Results: We identified 3484 unique eponyms. White men represented the majority of medical eponym namesakes (2190 of 2327, 94.1%) followed by white women (85 of 2327, 3.7%), racialized men (49 of 2327, 2.1%), and racialized women (3 of 2327, 0.1%). In the ICD-10 sub-analysis, white men represented the majority of medical eponym namesakes (476 of 514, 92.6%) followed by white women (22 of 514, 4.3%), racialized men (14 of 514, 2.7%), and racialized women (2 of 514, 0.4%). Conclusion: Most medical eponyms represent men and white individuals, highlighting the underrepresentation of women and racialized individuals. This indicates a need to re-examine the ongoing use of medical eponyms which may entrench sexism and racism in medicine and contribute to an environment that makes some feel unwelcome or undervalued.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-024-01961-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Shared health governance, mutual collective accountability, and transparency in COVAX: A qualitative study triangulating data from document sampling and key informant interviews.

Gorodensky, Ariel / Grundy, Quinn / Persaud, Navindra / Kohler, Jillian C

Journal of global health

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 4165

Abstract: Background: To facilitate global COVID-19 vaccine equity, the World Health Organization, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, and the United Nations Children's Fund supported the COVID- ... ...

Abstract	Background: To facilitate global COVID-19 vaccine equity, the World Health Organization, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, and the United Nations Children's Fund supported the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) partnership. COVAX's goals may have best been pursued through shared health governance - a theory of global health governance based on six premises, in which global health actors collaborate to achieve a shared goal. Shared health governance employs a framework for accountability termed "mutual collective accountability", in which actors hold each other accountable for achieving their goal, thus relying on transparency with one another. Methods: We conducted a multi-method qualitative study triangulating document analysis and key informant interviews to address the question: To what extent did COVAX employ shared health governance, mutual collective accountability, and transparency? We thus aimed to explore the governance structures and accountability and transparency mechanisms in COVAX and determine whether these constituted shared health governance and mutual collective accountability. Results: We identified 117 documents and interviewed 20 key informants. Our findings suggest that COVAX's co-convening organisations were governed by their individual formal governance mechanisms, while each was formally accountable to its own leadership team, resulting in challenges when activities and decisions involved collaboration between organisations. Furthermore, COVAX's governance lacked transparency, as there was little public information about their decision-making processes and operations, including information about the algorithm with which they make vaccine allocation decision, possibly contributing to its inability to achieve its goals. Conclusions: The COVAX partnership only achieved four of the six premises of shared health governance. Since actors involved in COVAX did not hold one another accountable for their role in the partnership, it did not employ mutual collective accountability, while also lacking in transparency. Although these results do not entirely explain COVAX's shortcomings, they contribute to evidence about the roles of good governance, transparency, and accountability in large global health initiatives and underscore failures of the current global governance system.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; World Health Organization ; Global Health ; United Nations ; Social Responsibility
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.13.04165
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Advocating for Policy Change: Examples Emerging From a Medical-Legal Partnership in Primary Care.

Shah, Nishwa / Radford, Kim / Durant, Steve / Shoucri, Rami / Stone, Jennifer / Persaud, Navindra / Pinto, Andrew D

Journal of health care for the poor and underserved

2024 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–17

Abstract: Medical-legal partnerships bring legal services directly into clinical settings. Policy advocacy is often opportunistic and varies across partnerships. Our objective was to study policy advocacy that emerged from a medical-legal partnership in Toronto ... ...

Abstract	Medical-legal partnerships bring legal services directly into clinical settings. Policy advocacy is often opportunistic and varies across partnerships. Our objective was to study policy advocacy that emerged from a medical-legal partnership in Toronto over a four-year period. This study consisted of a document review and thematic analysis, triangulated with data from interviews with legal team members and health providers. We defined policy advocacy as actions associated with attempts to change policy or legislation. The medical-legal partnership engaged in seven distinct cases of policy advocacy: disability support form requirements, changing workplace review, challenging barriers to citizenship, housing, publicly funded medication program (pharma care), safe injection sites, and the need for increased social assistance. Actions taken included presentations at conferences and submissions of briefs to government. We found that a medical-legal partnership resulted in policy advocacy with issues arising from both the health and the legal team with impacts likely greater than if each group had acted alone.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Primary Health Care/organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Ontario
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1142637-8
ISSN	1548-6869 ; 1049-2089
ISSN (online)	1548-6869
ISSN	1049-2089
DOI	10.1353/hpu.2024.a919804
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Article ; Online: Reporting of Sociodemographic Variables in Randomized Clinical Trials, 2014-2020.

Orkin, Aaron M / Nicoll, Gina / Persaud, Navindra / Pinto, Andrew D

JAMA network open

2021 Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) e2110700

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design/standards ; Risk Factors ; Selection Bias ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10700
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: The social contract and human rights bases for promoting access to effective, novel, high-priced medicines

Lemmens, Trudo / Ghimire, Kanksha Mahadevia / Perehudoff, Katrina / Persaud, Navindra

2022

Keywords	Europe ; Human Rights ; Medicine ; Health Services Accessibility ; Price List ; Pharmacies
Language	English
Publisher	World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Questionable content of an industry-supported medical school lecture series: a case study.

Persaud, Navindra

Journal of medical ethics

2013 Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 414–418

Abstract: Background: Medical schools are grappling with how best to manage industry involvement in medical education.: Objective: To describe a case study of industry-supported undergraduate medical education related to opioid analgesics.: Method: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Medical schools are grappling with how best to manage industry involvement in medical education. Objective: To describe a case study of industry-supported undergraduate medical education related to opioid analgesics. Method: Institutional case study. Results: As part of their regular curriculum, Canadian medical students attended pain pharmacotherapy lectures that contained questionable content about the use of opioids for pain management. The lectures were supported by pharmaceutical companies that market opioid analgesics in Canada and the guest lecturer was a member of speakers bureaus of the same companies. These conflicts of interests were not fully disclosed. A reference book that reinforced some of the information in the lectures and that was paid for by a sponsoring company was made available to students. This is the first report of an association between industry sponsorship and the dissemination of potentially dangerous information to medical students. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the need for better strategies for preventing, identifying and dealing with problematic interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and undergraduate medical education. These might include the avoidance of unnecessary conflicts of interest, more disclosure of conflicts, an open process for dealing with recognised problems and internationally harmonised conflict of interest policies.
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Conflict of Interest ; Curriculum/standards ; Disclosure/ethics ; Drug Industry/ethics ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/ethics ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations/ethics ; Schools, Medical/ethics
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194927-5
ISSN	1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
ISSN (online)	1473-4257
ISSN	0306-6800
DOI	10.1136/medethics-2013-101343
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Canadian list of essential medications: Potential and uncertainties.

Persaud, Navindra / Ahmad, Haroon

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien

2017 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 266–268

MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Drugs, Essential/supply & distribution ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data ; World Health Organization
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Essential
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603565-6
ISSN	1715-5258 ; 0008-350X
ISSN (online)	1715-5258
ISSN	0008-350X
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Article ; Online: Acceptability of a short list of essential medicines to patients and prescribers: Multimethod study.

Ally, Muhamad Z / Woods, Hannah / Adekoya, Itunuoluwa / Bali, Anjli / Persaud, Navindra

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien

2022 Volume 68, Issue 7, Page(s) e204–e214

Abstract: Objective: To determine the acceptability of providing free access to only a short list of medicines used in the Carefully seLected and Easily Accessible at No charge Medications (CLEAN Meds) trial.: Design: A multimethod explanatory sequential ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the acceptability of providing free access to only a short list of medicines used in the Carefully seLected and Easily Accessible at No charge Medications (CLEAN Meds) trial. Design: A multimethod explanatory sequential design including interviews with trial participants and focus groups with prescribers. Setting: Ontario. Participants: Participants in the intervention arm of the CLEAN Meds trial and primary care providers who prescribed medicines to those in the intervention arm of the trial. Main outcome measures: The number of trial participants in each prescription category (ie, prescribed no off-list medicine, prescribed 1 off-list medicine, or prescribed 2 or more off-list medicines) and the acceptability of the list to both participants and prescribers. Results: There were 395 participants in the intervention group of the CLEAN Meds trial, but 16 participants withdrew consent or were not prescribed any medicines during the first 12 months of the trial, resulting in a total of 379 participants in the quantitative component of this study. Of the 2648 total prescriptions, 2349 (89%) were for medications that were on or had an equivalent covered by the list. Random sampling was used to select 5 participants to interview from each prescription category. A total of 19 prescribers participated in the focus groups. Themes from participant interviews included the following: having access to medicines on the list was a relief, participants trusted health care professionals to switch medicines and to decide which medicines should be on a publicly funded list, and a short list of essential medicines should be publicly funded. Major themes from the prescribers' focus groups related to the process of developing the list, support for the list, and publicly funding a short list of essential medicines in Canada. Conclusion: The consensus among trial participants and prescribers is that the short list of medicines used in the trial is comprehensive and provides access to medicines commonly prescribed.
MeSH term(s)	Drugs, Essential ; Humans ; Ontario
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Essential
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-13
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603565-6
ISSN	1715-5258 ; 0008-350X
ISSN (online)	1715-5258
ISSN	0008-350X
DOI	10.46747/cfp.6807e204
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Health equity considerations in guideline development: a rapid scoping review.

Shaver, Nicole / Bennett, Alexandria / Beck, Andrew / Skidmore, Becky / Traversy, Gregory / Brouwers, Melissa / Little, Julian / Moher, David / Moore, Ainsley / Persaud, Navindra

CMAJ open

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) E357–E371

Abstract: Background: Systematic guidance for considering health equity in guidelines is lacking. This scoping review aims to synthesize current best practices for integrating health equity into guideline development and the benefits or drawbacks of these ... ...

Abstract	Background: Systematic guidance for considering health equity in guidelines is lacking. This scoping review aims to synthesize current best practices for integrating health equity into guideline development and the benefits or drawbacks of these practices. Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE ALL and Embase Classic+Embase on the Ovid platform, CINAHL on EBSCO, and Web of Science (Core Collection) from 2010 to 2022. We searched grey literature from 2015 to 2022, using the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Grey Matters checklist and searches of potentially relevant websites. Articles were screened independently by 1 reviewer. Proposed best practices, advantages and disadvantages, and tools were extracted independently by 1 reviewer and qualitatively synthesized based on the relevant steps of a comprehensive checklist covering the stages of guideline development. Results: We included 26 articles that proposed best practices for incorporating health equity within the guideline development process. These practices were organized under different stages of the development process, including guideline planning, evidence review, guideline development and dissemination. Included studies provided best practices from guideline producers, articles discussing health equity in current guidelines, articles addressing strategies to increase equity in the guideline implementation process, and literature reviews of promising health equity practices. Interpretation: Our scoping review identified best practices to incorporate health equity considerations at each phase of guideline development. Identified practices may be used to inform equity-promoting strategies with the guideline development process; however, guideline producers should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of best practices when integrating health equity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Health Equity ; Canada ; Checklist
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701622-5
ISSN	2291-0026 ; 2291-0026
ISSN (online)	2291-0026
ISSN	2291-0026
DOI	10.9778/cmajo.20220130
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Supporting Evidence of Medical Cannabis Claims Made on Clinic Websites: Cross-Sectional Study.

O'Neill, Braden / Ferguson, Jacob / Dalueg, Lauren / Yusuf, Abban / Kirubarajan, Abirami / Lloyd, Taryn / Mollanji, Eisi / Persaud, Navindra

Journal of medical Internet research

2023 Volume 25, Page(s) e45550

Abstract: Background: Since the legalization of medical cannabis in Canada in 2013, prescription of cannabis for medical purposes has become commonplace and a multibillion dollar industry has formed. Much of the media coverage surrounding medical cannabis has ... ...

Abstract	Background: Since the legalization of medical cannabis in Canada in 2013, prescription of cannabis for medical purposes has become commonplace and a multibillion dollar industry has formed. Much of the media coverage surrounding medical cannabis has been positive in nature, leading to Canadians potentially underestimating the adverse effects of medical cannabis use. In recent years, there has been a large increase in clinic websites advertising the use of medical cannabis for health indications. However, little is known about the quality of the evidence used by these clinic websites to describe the effectiveness of cannabis used for medical purposes. Objective: We aimed to identify the indications for medical cannabis reported by cannabis clinics in Ontario, Canada, and the evidence these clinics cited to support cannabis prescription. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web search to identify all cannabis clinic websites within Ontario, Canada, that had physician involvement and identified their primary purpose as cannabis prescription. Two reviewers independently searched these websites to identify all medical indications for which cannabis was promoted and reviewed and critically appraised all studies cited using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence rubric. Results: A total of 29 clinics were identified, promoting cannabis for 20 different medical indications including migraines, insomnia, and fibromyalgia. There were 235 unique studies cited on these websites to support the effectiveness of cannabis for these indications. A high proportion (36/235, 15.3%) of the studies were identified to be at the lowest level of evidence (level 5). Only 4 clinic websites included any mention of harms associated with cannabis. Conclusions: Cannabis clinic websites generally promote cannabis use as medically effective but cite low-quality evidence to support these claims and rarely discuss harms. The recommendation of cannabis as a general therapeutic for many indications unsupported by high-quality evidence is potentially misleading for medical practitioners and patients. This disparity should be carefully evaluated in context of the specific medical indication and an individualized patient risk assessment. Our work illustrates the need to increase the quality of research performed on the medical effects of cannabis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Medical Marijuana/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cannabis ; Ontario ; Advertising
Chemical Substances	Medical Marijuana
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1438-8871
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1438-8871
DOI	10.2196/45550
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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