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  1. Book: Staffing levels and responsibilities of physicists in diagnostic radiology

    Nickoloff, Edward L.

    report of Task Group 5, Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee

    (AAPM report ; 33)

    1991  

    Institution American Association of Physicists in Medicine / Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee
    Author's details Edward L. Nickoloff (chair)
    Series title AAPM report ; 33
    Collection
    Keywords Radiology / manpower ; Allied Health Personnel / supply & distribution
    Language English
    Size 30 S.
    Publisher American Inst. of Physics
    Publishing place New York, NY
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT006221149
    ISBN 0-88318-913-5 ; 978-0-88318-913-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    1994 B 608 order for loan Magazin

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  2. Book: Radiology review

    Nickoloff, Edward L

    radiologic physics

    2005  

    Author's details Edward L. Nickoloff ; consulting editor, Naveed Ahmad
    MeSH term(s) Radiography ; Radiation
    Language English
    Size xii, 249 p. :, ill. +
    Publisher Elsevier Saunders
    Publishing place Philadelphia
    Document type Book
    Note Includes index.
    Accompanying material 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    ISBN 9781416022602 ; 1416022600
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  3. Article: Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past 50 years.

    Huda, Walter / Nickoloff, Edward L / Boone, John M

    Medical physics

    2008  Volume 35, Issue 12, Page(s) 5713–5728

    Abstract: This review covers the role of medical physics in addressing issues directly related to patient dosimetry in radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and CT. The sections on radiography and fluoroscopy radiation doses review the changes that have occurred ... ...

    Abstract This review covers the role of medical physics in addressing issues directly related to patient dosimetry in radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and CT. The sections on radiography and fluoroscopy radiation doses review the changes that have occurred during the last 50 to 60 years. A number of technological improvements have contributed to both a significant reduction in patient and staff radiation doses and improvements to the image quality during this period of time. There has been a transition from film-screen radiography with hand dip film processing to electronic digital imaging utilizing CR and DR. Similarly, fluoroscopy has progressed by directly viewing image intensifiers in darkened rooms to modern flat panel image receptor systems utilizing pulsed radiation, automated variable filtration, and digitally processed images. Mammography is one of the most highly optimized imaging procedures performed, because it is a repetitive screening procedure that results in annual radiation exposure. Mammography is also the only imaging procedure in the United States in which the radiation dose is regulated by the federal government. Consequently, many medical physicists have studied the dosimetry associated with screen-film and digital mammography. In this review, a brief history of mammography dose assessment by medical physicists is discussed. CT was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1970s, and has grown into one of the most important modalities available for diagnostic imaging. CT dose quantities and measurement techniques are described, and values of radiation dose for different types of scanner are presented. Organ and effective doses to adult patients are surveyed from the earliest single slice scanners, to the latest versions that include up to two x-ray tubes and can incorporate as many as 256 detector channels. An overview is provided of doses received by pediatric patients undergoing CT examinations, as well as methods, and results, of studies performed to assess the radiation absorbed by the conceptus of pregnant patients.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Mammography/methods ; Monte Carlo Method ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Radiography/methods ; Radiology/methods ; Radiometry/methods ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; United States ; X-Rays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 0094-2405
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1118/1.3013604
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  4. Article ; Online: Radiation dose descriptors: BERT, COD, DAP, and other strange creatures.

    Nickoloff, Edward L / Lu, Zheng Feng / Dutta, Ajoy K / So, James C

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2008  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 1439–1450

    Abstract: Over the years, a number of terms have been used to describe radiation dose. Eight common radiation dose descriptors include background equivalent radiation time (BERT), critical organ dose (COD), surface absorbed dose (SAD), dose area product (DAP), ... ...

    Abstract Over the years, a number of terms have been used to describe radiation dose. Eight common radiation dose descriptors include background equivalent radiation time (BERT), critical organ dose (COD), surface absorbed dose (SAD), dose area product (DAP), diagnostic acceptable reference level (DARLing), effective dose (ED), fetal absorbed dose (FAD), and total imparted energy (TIE). BERT is compared to the annual natural background radiation (about 3 mSv per year) and is easily understandable for the general public. COD refers to the radiation dose delivered to an individual critical organ. SAD is the radiation dose delivered at the skin surface. DAP is a product of the irradiated surface area multiplied by the radiation dose at the surface. DARLing is usually the radiation level that encompasses 75% (the third quartile) of the data derived from a nationwide or regional survey. DARLings are meant for voluntary guidance. Consistently higher patient doses should be investigated for possible equipment deficiencies or suboptimal protocols. ED is obtained by multiplying the radiation dose delivered to each organ by its weighting factor and then by adding those values to get the sum. It can be used to assess the risk of radiation-induced cancers and serious hereditary effects to future generations, regardless of the procedure being performed, and is the most useful radiation dose descriptor. FAD is the radiation dose delivered to the fetus, and TIE is the sum of the energy imparted to all irradiated tissue. Each of these descriptors is intended to relate radiation dose ultimately to potential biologic effects. To avoid confusion, the key is to avoid using the terms interchangeably. It is important to understand each of the radiation dose descriptors and their derivation in order to correctly evaluate radiation dose and to consult with patients concerned about the risks of radiation.
    MeSH term(s) Body Burden ; Radiometry/classification ; Radiometry/methods ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.285075748
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  5. Article: Influence of phantom diameter, kVp and scan mode upon computed tomography dose index.

    Nickoloff, Edward L / Dutta, Ajoy K / Lu, Zheng F

    Medical physics

    2003  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 395–402

    Abstract: The computed tomography (CT) radiation dose to pediatric patients has received considerable attention recently. Moreover, it is important to be able to determine CT radiation doses for various patient sizes ranging from infants to large adults. The ... ...

    Abstract The computed tomography (CT) radiation dose to pediatric patients has received considerable attention recently. Moreover, it is important to be able to determine CT radiation doses for various patient sizes ranging from infants to large adults. The current AAPM protocol only measures CT radiation dose using a 16 cm acrylic phantom to represent an adult head and a 32 cm acrylic phantom to represent an adult body. The goal of this paper is to study the dependence of the computed tomography dose index (CTDI) upon the size of the phantom, the kVp selected and the scan mode employed. Our measurements were done on phantom sizes ranging from 6 cm to 32 cm. The x-ray tube potential ranged from 80 to 140 kVp. The scan modes utilized for the measurements included: consecutive axial scans, single-slice helical scans with variable pitch and multislice helical scans with variable pitch. The results were consolidated into simplified equations which related the phantom diameter and kVp to the measured CTDI. Some generalizations were made about the relationship between the scan modes of the various CT units to the measured radiation doses. The CTDI appears to be an exponential function of phantom diameter. For the same kVp and mAs, the radiation doses for smaller phantoms are much greater than for larger sizes. The derived relationship can be used to estimate the radiation doses for a variety of scan conditions and modes from measurements with the two standard reference phantoms. A method was also given for converting axial CT dose measurements to appropriate MSAD values for helical CT scans.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Phantoms, Imaging/standards ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Injuries/etiology ; Radiation Injuries/prevention & control ; Radiation Protection/methods ; Radiometry/instrumentation ; Radiometry/methods ; Radiometry/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/standards ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Validation Studies
    ZDB-ID 188780-4
    ISSN 0094-2405
    ISSN 0094-2405
    DOI 10.1118/1.1543149
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  6. Article ; Online: AAPM/SNMMI Joint Task Force: report on the current state of nuclear medicine physics training.

    Harkness, Beth A / Allison, Jerry D / Clements, Jessica B / Coffey, Charles W / Fahey, Frederic H / Gress, Dustin A / Kinahan, Paul E / Nickoloff, Edward L / Mawlawi, Osama R / MacDougall, Robert D / Pizzutiello, Robert J

    Journal of applied clinical medical physics

    2015  Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 3–13

    Abstract: The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) recognized the need for a review of the current state of nuclear  medicine physics training and the need to explore pathways for ... ...

    Abstract The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) recognized the need for a review of the current state of nuclear  medicine physics training and the need to explore pathways for improving nuclear medicine physics training opportunities. For these reasons, the two organizations formed a joint AAPM/SNMMI Ad Hoc Task Force on Nuclear Medicine Physics  Training. The mission of this task force was to assemble a representative group of stakeholders to:• Estimate the demand for board-certified nuclear medicine physicists in the next 5-10 years,• Identify the critical issues related to supplying an adequate number of physicists who have received the appropriate level of training in nuclear medicine physics, and• Identify approaches that may be considered to facilitate the training of nuclear medicine physicists.As a result, a task force was appointed and chaired by an active member of both organizations that included representation from the AAPM, SNMMI, the American Board of Radiology (ABR), the American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine (ABSNM), and the Commission for the Accreditation of Medical Physics Educational Programs (CAMPEP). The Task Force first met at the AAPM Annual Meeting in Charlotte in July 2012 and has met regularly face-to-face, online, and by conference calls. This manuscript reports the findings of the Task Force, as well as recommendations to achieve the stated mission.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Diagnostic Imaging/standards ; Education, Medical/standards ; Health Physics/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency/standards ; Nuclear Medicine/education ; Radiation Oncology/education ; Research Report
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015--08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010347-5
    ISSN 1526-9914 ; 1526-9914
    ISSN (online) 1526-9914
    ISSN 1526-9914
    DOI 10.1120/jacmp.v16i5.5661
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  7. Article: Influence of flat-panel fluoroscopic equipment variables on cardiac radiation doses.

    Nickoloff, Edward L / Lu, Zheng Feng / Dutta, Ajoy / So, James / Balter, Stephen / Moses, Jeffrey

    Cardiovascular and interventional radiology

    2007  Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 169–176

    Abstract: Purpose: To assess the influence of physician-selectable equipment variables on the potential radiation dose reductions during cardiac catheterization examinations using modern imaging equipment.: Materials: A modern bi-plane angiography unit with ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To assess the influence of physician-selectable equipment variables on the potential radiation dose reductions during cardiac catheterization examinations using modern imaging equipment.
    Materials: A modern bi-plane angiography unit with flat-panel image receptors was used. Patients were simulated with 15-30 cm of acrylic plastic. The variables studied were: patient thickness, fluoroscopy pulse rates, record mode frame rates, image receptor field-of-view (FoV), automatic dose control (ADC) mode, SID/SSD geometry setting, automatic collimation, automatic positioning, and others.
    Results: Patient radiation doses double for every additional 3.5-4.5 cm of soft tissue. The dose is directly related to the imaging frame rate; a decrease from 30 pps to 15 pps reduces the dose by about 50%. The dose is related to [(FoV)(-N )] where 2.0 < N < 3.0. Suboptimal positioning of the patient can nearly double the dose. The ADC system provides three selections that can vary the radiation level by 50%. For pediatric studies (2-5 years old), the selection of equipment variables can result in entrance radiation doses that range between 6 and 60 cGy for diagnostic cases and between 15 and 140 cGy for interventional cases. For adult studies, the equipment variables can produce entrance radiation doses that range between 13 and 130 cGy for diagnostic cases and between 30 and 400 cGy for interventional cases.
    Conclusions: Overall dose reductions of 70-90% can be achieved with pediatric patients and about 90% with adult patients solely through optimal selection of equipment variables.
    MeSH term(s) Acrylic Resins ; Adult ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods ; Catheter Ablation ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Angiography ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Fluoroscopy/instrumentation ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Heart/radiation effects ; Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Diseases/surgery ; Humans ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiography, Interventional ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Acrylic Resins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603082-8
    ISSN 1432-086X ; 0174-1551 ; 0342-7196
    ISSN (online) 1432-086X
    ISSN 0174-1551 ; 0342-7196
    DOI 10.1007/s00270-006-0096-6
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  8. Book: 1998 syllabus

    Nickoloff, Edward L / Strauss, Keith J

    categorical course in diagnostic radiology physics : cardiac catheterization imaging

    1998  

    Title variant Nineteen ninety-eight syllabus ; Categorical course in diagnostic radiology physics
    Institution Radiological Society of North America. / Scientific Assembly
    Author's details editors, Edward L. Nickoloff, Keith J. Strauss
    MeSH term(s) Cardiac Catheterization ; Diagnostic Imaging
    Language English
    Size 260 p. :, ill. ;, 29 cm.
    Publisher The Society
    Publishing place Oak Brook, IL
    Document type Book
    Note "Presented at the 84th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, November 29-December 4, 1998."
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  9. Article ; Online: Metnase mediates chromosome decatenation in acute leukemia cells.

    Wray, Justin / Williamson, Elizabeth A / Sheema, Sheema / Lee, Suk-Hee / Libby, Edward / Willman, Cheryl L / Nickoloff, Jac A / Hromas, Robert

    Blood

    2009  Volume 114, Issue 9, Page(s) 1852–1858

    Abstract: After DNA replication, sister chromatids must be untangled, or decatenated, before mitosis so that chromatids do not tear during anaphase. Topoisomerase IIalpha (Topo IIalpha) is the major decatenating enzyme. Topo IIalpha inhibitors prevent decatenation, ...

    Abstract After DNA replication, sister chromatids must be untangled, or decatenated, before mitosis so that chromatids do not tear during anaphase. Topoisomerase IIalpha (Topo IIalpha) is the major decatenating enzyme. Topo IIalpha inhibitors prevent decatenation, causing cells to arrest during mitosis. Here we report that acute myeloid leukemia cells fail to arrest at the mitotic decatenation checkpoint, and their progression through this checkpoint is regulated by the DNA repair component Metnase (also termed SETMAR). Metnase contains a SET histone methylase and transposase nuclease domain, and is a component of the nonhomologous end-joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Metnase interacts with Topo IIalpha and enhances its decatenation activity. Here we show that multiple types of acute leukemia cells have an attenuated mitotic arrest when decatenation is inhibited and that in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line this is mediated by Metnase. Of further importance, Metnase permits continued proliferation of these AML cells even in the presence of the clinical Topo IIalpha inhibitor VP-16. In vitro, purified Metnase prevents VP-16 inhibition of Topo IIalpha decatenation of tangled DNA. Thus, Metnase expression levels may predict AML resistance to Topo IIalpha inhibitors, and Metnase is a potential therapeutic target for small molecule interference.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; DNA/drug effects ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Etoposide (6PLQ3CP4P3) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.43) ; SETMAR protein, human (EC 2.1.1.43) ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II (EC 5.99.1.3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80069-7
    ISSN 1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
    ISSN (online) 1528-0020
    ISSN 0006-4971
    DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-08-175760
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  10. Article ; Online: New automated fluoroscopic systems for pediatric applications.

    Lu, Zheng Feng / Nickoloff, Edward L / Ruzal-Shapiro, Carrie B / So, James C / Dutta, Ajoy K

    Journal of applied clinical medical physics

    2005  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 88–105

    Abstract: Pediatric patients are at higher risk to the adverse effects from exposure to ionizing radiation than adults. The smaller sizes of the anatomy and the reduced X-ray attenuation of the tissues provide special challenges. The goal of this effort is to ... ...

    Abstract Pediatric patients are at higher risk to the adverse effects from exposure to ionizing radiation than adults. The smaller sizes of the anatomy and the reduced X-ray attenuation of the tissues provide special challenges. The goal of this effort is to investigate strategies for pediatric fluoroscopy in order to minimize the radiation exposure to these individuals, while maintaining effective diagnostic image quality. Modern fluoroscopy systems are often entirely automated and computer controlled. In this paper, various selectable and automated modes are examined to determine the influence of the fluoroscopy parameters upon the patient radiation exposures and image quality. These parameters include variable X-ray beam filters, automatic brightness control programs, starting kilovolt peak levels, fluoroscopic pulse rates, and other factors. Typical values of radiation exposure rates have been measured for a range of phantom thicknesses from 5 cm to 20 cm of acrylic. Other factors that have been assessed include spatial resolution, low contrast discrimination, and temporal resolution. The selection menu for various procedures is based upon the examination type, anatomical region, and patient size. For pediatric patients, the automated system can employ additional filtration, special automatic brightness control curves, pulsed fluoroscopy, and other features to reduce the patient radiation exposures without significantly compromising the image quality. The benefits gained from an optimal selection of automated programs and settings for fluoroscopy include ease of operation, better image quality, and lower patient radiation exposures.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Fluoroscopy/instrumentation ; Fluoroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods ; Pediatrics/instrumentation ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-11-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010347-5
    ISSN 1526-9914 ; 1526-9914
    ISSN (online) 1526-9914
    ISSN 1526-9914
    DOI 10.1120/jacmp.v6i4.2065
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