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Article ; Online: Comment on P. Nouvellet, J.P. Bacon, D. Waxman, "Testing the level of ant activity associated with quorum sensing: An empirical approach leading to the establishment and test of a null-model".

Richardson, T O / Robinson, E J H / Christensen, K / Jensen, J H / Jensen, H J / Franks, N R / Sendova-Franks, A B

2011 Volume 269, Issue 1, Page(s) 356–358

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ants/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Nesting Behavior ; Quorum Sensing/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	2972-5
ISSN	1095-8541 ; 0022-5193
ISSN (online)	1095-8541
ISSN	0022-5193
DOI	10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.11.004
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Article ; Online: Amplification and Quantitation of Telomeric Extrachromosomal Circles.

Robinson, Nathaniel J / Schiemann, William P

Bio-protocol

2023 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e4627

Abstract: Telomeres are structures that cap the ends of linear chromosomes and play critical roles in maintaining genome integrity and establishing the replicative lifespan of cells. In stem and cancer cells, telomeres are actively elongated by either telomerase ... ...

Abstract	Telomeres are structures that cap the ends of linear chromosomes and play critical roles in maintaining genome integrity and establishing the replicative lifespan of cells. In stem and cancer cells, telomeres are actively elongated by either telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. This pathway is characterized by several hallmark features, including extrachromosomal C-rich circular DNAs that can be probed to assess ALT activity. These so-called C-circles are the product of ALT-associated DNA damage repair processes and simultaneously serve as potential templates for iterative telomere extension. This bifunctional nature makes C-circles highly sensitive and specific markers of ALT. Here, we describe a C-circle assay, adapted from previous reports, that enables the quantitation of C-circle abundance in mammalian cells subjected to a wide range of experimental perturbations. This protocol combines the Quick C-circle Preparation (QCP) method for DNA isolation with fluorometry-based DNA quantification, rolling circle amplification (RCA), and detection of C-circles using quantitative PCR. Moreover, the inclusion of internal standards with well-characterized telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) allows for the reliable benchmarking of cells with unknown TMM status. Overall, our work builds upon existing protocols to create a generalizable workflow for in vitro C-circle quantitation and ascertainment of TMM identity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.4627
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Article ; Online: The carbon footprint of surgical operations: a systematic review update.

Robinson, P N / Surendran, Ksb / Lim, S J / Robinson, M

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

2023 Volume 105, Issue 8, Page(s) 692–708

Abstract: Introduction: Sustainability in healthcare is a rapidly developing area of research with recent formal recognition from institutions around the world. We completed an update of a systematic review published in 2020. The aims of this review were to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Sustainability in healthcare is a rapidly developing area of research with recent formal recognition from institutions around the world. We completed an update of a systematic review published in 2020. The aims of this review were to determine the reported carbon footprints of surgical operations in hospitals worldwide, identify variations in reported carbon footprints and highlight carbon hotspots associated with surgery. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The MEDLINE Results: 1,308 articles were identified and 7 met the inclusion criteria for the review. The carbon footprint ranged from 28.49kg to 505.1kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO Conclusions: This systematic review identifies medical devices and consumables as the largest carbon hotspot where healthcare providers should target their sustainability initiatives. Nevertheless, the number of studies was limited and the quality of the evidence was weak. We recommend that researchers in healthcare sustainability develop international standards for conducting and reporting such studies. This would allow for comparison of individual studies and facilitate meta-analysis of cumulative evidence. A reliable evidence base is a prerequisite for identifying optimal interventions to ensure societal benefits.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carbon Footprint ; Hospitals ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	80044-2
ISSN	1478-7083 ; 0035-8843
ISSN (online)	1478-7083
ISSN	0035-8843
DOI	10.1308/rcsann.2023.0057
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Article ; Online: Correction: Measuring cognitive effort without difficulty.

Fleming, Hugo / Robinson, Oliver J / Roiser, Jonathan P

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 457

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-023-01078-4
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Zs.A 5947: Show issues

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Article: Telomerase in Cancer: Function, Regulation, and Clinical Translation.

Robinson, Nathaniel J / Schiemann, William P

Cancers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: During the process of malignant transformation, cells undergo a series of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic alterations, including the acquisition and propagation of genomic aberrations that impart survival and proliferative advantages. These changes ... ...

Abstract	During the process of malignant transformation, cells undergo a series of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic alterations, including the acquisition and propagation of genomic aberrations that impart survival and proliferative advantages. These changes are mediated in part by the induction of replicative immortality that is accompanied by active telomere elongation. Indeed, telomeres undergo dynamic changes to their lengths and higher-order structures throughout tumor formation and progression, processes overseen in most cancers by telomerase. Telomerase is a multimeric enzyme whose function is exquisitely regulated through diverse transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms to facilitate telomere extension. In turn, telomerase function depends not only on its core components, but also on a suite of binding partners, transcription factors, and intra- and extracellular signaling effectors. Additionally, telomerase exhibits telomere-independent regulation of cancer cell growth by participating directly in cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and the regulation of gene expression in ways that are critical for tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the complex mechanisms underlying telomere maintenance, with a particular focus on both the telomeric and extratelomeric functions of telomerase. We also explore the clinical utility of telomeres and telomerase in the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of targeted therapies for primary, metastatic, and recurrent cancers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14030808
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Article ; Online: Measuring cognitive effort without difficulty.

Fleming, Hugo / Robinson, Oliver J / Roiser, Jonathan P

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 290–305

Abstract: An important finding in the cognitive effort literature has been that sensitivity to the costs of effort varies between individuals, suggesting that some people find effort more aversive than others. It has been suggested this may explain individual ... ...

Abstract	An important finding in the cognitive effort literature has been that sensitivity to the costs of effort varies between individuals, suggesting that some people find effort more aversive than others. It has been suggested this may explain individual differences in other aspects of cognition; in particular that greater effort sensitivity may underlie some of the symptoms of conditions such as depression and schizophrenia. In this paper, we highlight a major problem with existing measures of cognitive effort that hampers this line of research, specifically the confounding of effort and difficulty. This means that behaviour thought to reveal effort costs could equally be explained by cognitive capacity, which influences the frequency of success and thereby the chance of obtaining reward. To address this shortcoming, we introduce a new test, the Number Switching Task (NST), specially designed such that difficulty will be unaffected by the effort manipulation and can easily be standardised across participants. In a large, online sample, we show that these criteria are met successfully and reproduce classic effort discounting results with the NST. We also demonstrate the use of Bayesian modelling with this task, producing behavioural parameters which can be associated with other measures, and report a preliminary association with the Need for Cognition scale.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Decision Making ; Bayes Theorem ; Motivation ; Cognition ; Reward
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-023-01065-9
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Article ; Online: Approach-avoidance reinforcement learning as a translational and computational model of anxiety-related avoidance.

Yamamori, Yumeya / Robinson, Oliver J / Roiser, Jonathan P

eLife

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Although avoidance is a prevalent feature of anxiety-related psychopathology, differences in the measurement of avoidance between humans and non-human animals hinder our progress in its theoretical understanding and treatment. To address this, we ... ...

Abstract	Although avoidance is a prevalent feature of anxiety-related psychopathology, differences in the measurement of avoidance between humans and non-human animals hinder our progress in its theoretical understanding and treatment. To address this, we developed a novel translational measure of anxiety-related avoidance in the form of an approach-avoidance reinforcement learning task, by adapting a paradigm from the non-human animal literature to study the same cognitive processes in human participants. We used computational modelling to probe the putative cognitive mechanisms underlying approach-avoidance behaviour in this task and investigated how they relate to subjective task-induced anxiety. In a large online study (n = 372), participants who experienced greater task-induced anxiety avoided choices associated with punishment, even when this resulted in lower overall reward. Computational modelling revealed that this effect was explained by greater individual sensitivities to punishment relative to rewards. We replicated these findings in an independent sample (n = 627) and we also found fair-to-excellent reliability of measures of task performance in a sub-sample retested 1 week later (n = 57). Our findings demonstrate the potential of approach-avoidance reinforcement learning tasks as translational and computational models of anxiety-related avoidance. Future studies should assess the predictive validity of this approach in clinical samples and experimental manipulations of anxiety.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Avoidance Learning ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Reward ; Anxiety/psychology ; Computer Simulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.87720
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Article ; Online: The long-term expansion and recession of human populations.

Freeman, Jacob / Robinson, Erick / Bird, Darcy / Hard, Robert J / Mauldin, Raymond P / Anderies, John M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2024 Volume 121, Issue 12, Page(s) e2312207121

Abstract: Over the last 12,000 y, human populations have expanded and transformed critical earth systems. Yet, a key unresolved question in the environmental and social sciences remains: Why did human populations grow and, sometimes, decline in the first place? ... ...

Abstract	Over the last 12,000 y, human populations have expanded and transformed critical earth systems. Yet, a key unresolved question in the environmental and social sciences remains: Why did human populations grow and, sometimes, decline in the first place? Our research builds on 20 y of archaeological research studying the deep time dynamics of human populations to propose an explanation for the long-term growth and stability of human populations. Innovations in the productive capacity of populations fuels exponential-like growth over thousands of years; however, innovations saturate over time and, often, may leave populations vulnerable to large recessions in their well-being and population density. Empirically, we find a trade-off between changes in land use that increase the production and consumption of carbohydrates, driving repeated waves of population growth over thousands of years, and the susceptibility of populations to large recessions due to a lag in the impact of humans on resources. These results shed light on the long-term drivers of human population growth and decline.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Population Growth ; Social Sciences ; Population Density ; Archaeology ; Population Dynamics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2312207121
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Article ; Online: Similar muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of resistance training to momentary muscular failure or with repetitions-in-reserve in resistance-trained individuals.

Refalo, Martin C / Helms, Eric R / Robinson, Zac P / Hamilton, D Lee / Fyfe, Jackson J

Journal of sports sciences

2024 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–101

Abstract: This study examined the influence of resistance training (RT) proximity-to-failure, determined by repetitions-in-reserve (RIR), on quadriceps hypertrophy and neuromuscular fatigue. Resistance-trained males ( ...

Abstract	This study examined the influence of resistance training (RT) proximity-to-failure, determined by repetitions-in-reserve (RIR), on quadriceps hypertrophy and neuromuscular fatigue. Resistance-trained males (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Resistance Training/methods ; Bayes Theorem ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology ; Hypertrophy ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	995528-8
ISSN	1466-447X ; 0264-0414
ISSN (online)	1466-447X
ISSN	0264-0414
DOI	10.1080/02640414.2024.2321021
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Article ; Online: Goals and Reasons for Entering Inpatient Withdrawal Treatment, and Perceptions of Help Received.

Wang, Jing / Deane, Frank P / Kelly, Peter J / D Robinson, Laura

Journal of dual diagnosis

2023 Volume 19, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 166–176

Abstract: Objective: Abstinence has been the primary treatment goal for alcohol and other drug (AOD) users attending withdrawal treatment. However, other outcomes including harm reduction have also been identified. This observational study aimed to describe ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Abstinence has been the primary treatment goal for alcohol and other drug (AOD) users attending withdrawal treatment. However, other outcomes including harm reduction have also been identified. This observational study aimed to describe participants' goals and reasons for seeking inpatient withdrawal treatment and compare the needs of clients with comorbid mental health problems and those without. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires at intake and discharge. Questionnaires assessed reasons for entering withdrawal treatment, goals, comorbidity, and perceived help received. Results: The sample comprised 1746 participants (69.4% male). Participants endorsed diverse reasons for entering withdrawal treatment. The most and least endorsed reasons were "stop using" (97.9%) and "legal reasons" (43.1%). Comorbidity groups varied significantly in their endorsement of reasons for mental health, physical health, harm reduction, financial, and legal. Conclusion: AOD users enter withdrawal treatment with a variety of reasons and goals including harm reduction. Variations in rates of endorsement highlight the importance of identifying individual needs dependent on mental health comorbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Goals ; Inpatients ; Alcohol Drinking ; Hospitalization ; Antisocial Personality Disorder
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2179549-6
ISSN	1550-4271 ; 1550-4263
ISSN (online)	1550-4271
ISSN	1550-4263
DOI	10.1080/15504263.2023.2221980
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