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Article ; Online: Dendrobine: A neuroprotective Sesquiterpenic Alkaloid for the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases: A Review.

Bhardwaj, Kanchan / Bhargav, Rashi / Patocka, Jiri / Sharma, Ruchi / Navratilova, Zdenka / Oleksak, Patrik / Kuca, Kamil

Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry

2024

Abstract: A sesquiterpenic alkaloid dendrobine is the major bioactive compound extracted from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. This compound was structurally very similar to picrotoxinin (neurotoxin) containing bicyclic or tricyclic ring while dendrobine containing ... ...

Abstract	A sesquiterpenic alkaloid dendrobine is the major bioactive compound extracted from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. This compound was structurally very similar to picrotoxinin (neurotoxin) containing bicyclic or tricyclic ring while dendrobine containing tetracyclic rings with up to 7 stereogenic centers showing numerous neuroprotective effects. Several sesquiterpenic alkaloids such as (+)-(1R,5R,6S,8R,9R)- 8,12-dihydroxy-copacamphan-3-en-2-one, dendrobine, denrine B, (+)- (1R,2S,3R,4S,5R,6S,9R)-3,11,12-trihydroxypicrotoxane-2(15)-lactone, dendroxine B, nobilonine, 13-Hydroxy-14-oxodendrobine, 6-Hydroxy-nobilonine and (-)-(1S,2R,3S,4R,5S,6R,9S,12R)- 3,11,13-trihydroxypicrotoxane-2(15)-lactone were isolated from D. nobile This comprehensive review summarizes the necessary information on the morphology, biochemistry and pharmacology of dendrobine. The phytochemical profile had potent in-vivo and in-vitro efficacy in neuroprotection, nerve function, memory enhancement, cognitive disorders, anxiety and depression, anti-oxidant, psychological conditions, increasing serotonin concentration in synapse anxiolytic, tranquilizing, anti-stress, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson), anti-inflammatory and analgesic. The compound dendrobine activates neuro synapses, serotonergic synapse and signaling pathways during neurotransmission playing important role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety and long-term depression.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104081-3
ISSN	1875-5607 ; 1389-5575
ISSN (online)	1875-5607
ISSN	1389-5575
DOI	10.2174/0113895575274314240125105120
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Zs.A 5891: Show issues

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Article: Health and Environmental Hazards of the Toxic

Malík, Matěj / Mika, Otakar Jiří / Navrátilová, Zdeňka / Killi, Uday Kumar / Tlustoš, Pavel / Patočka, Jiří

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1

Abstract: Bracken fern ( ...

Abstract	Bracken fern (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13010018
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Article: Fentanyl and its derivatives: Pain-killers or man-killers?

Patocka, Jiri / Wu, Wenda / Oleksak, Patrik / Jelinkova, Romana / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Spicanova, Lenka / Springerova, Pavlina / Alomar, Suliman / Long, Miao / Kuca, Kamil

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e28795

Abstract: Fentanyl is a synthetic μ-opioid receptor agonist approved to treat severe to moderate pain with faster onset of action and about 100 times more potent than morphine. Over last two decades, abuse of fentanyl and its derivatives has an increased trend, ... ...

Abstract	Fentanyl is a synthetic μ-opioid receptor agonist approved to treat severe to moderate pain with faster onset of action and about 100 times more potent than morphine. Over last two decades, abuse of fentanyl and its derivatives has an increased trend, globally. Currently, the United States (US) faces the most serious situation related to fentanyl overdose, commonly referred to as the opioid epidemic. Nowadays, fentanyl is considered as the number one cause of death for adults aged 18-45 in the US. Synthesis and derivatization of fentanyl is inexpensive to manufacture and easily achievable. Indeed, more than 1400 fentanyl derivatives have been described in the scientific literature and patents. In addition, accessibility and efficacy of fentanyl and its derivatives can play a potential role in misuse of these compounds as a chemical weapon. In this review, the properties, general pharmacology, and overdose death cases associated with fentanyl and selected derivatives are presented. Moreover, current opioid epidemic in the US, Moscow theatre hostage crisis, and potential misuse of fentanyl and its derivatives as a chemical weapon are disclosed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28795
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Digoxin: Pharmacology and toxicology-A review.

Patocka, Jiri / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Wu, Wenda / Kuca, Kamil

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2020 Volume 79, Page(s) 103400

Abstract: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used as drug in case of heart problems, including congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It has a very narrow therapeutic window of the medication. Digoxin is toxic ... ...

Abstract	Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used as drug in case of heart problems, including congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It has a very narrow therapeutic window of the medication. Digoxin is toxic substance with well known cardiotoxic effect. In this work, pharmacology and toxicology of digoxin are summarized; Its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, available acute toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) are summarized in this article. Moreover, its treatment side effect and human poisonings are thoroughly discussed. Finally, appropriate therapy regimen is proposed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Digoxin/adverse effects ; Digoxin/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Poisoning/therapy
Chemical Substances	Digoxin (73K4184T59)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1872-7077 ; 1382-6689
ISSN (online)	1872-7077
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2020.103400
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Zs.A 4490: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cyclosporine A: Chemistry and Toxicity - A Review.

Patocka, Jiri / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Kuca, Kamil / Wu, Wenda

Current medicinal chemistry

2020 Volume 28, Issue 20, Page(s) 3925–3934

Abstract: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with strong immunosuppressive potency. Firstly marketed in the mid-1980s, CsA was widely used in transplantation and greatly improved the survival rates of patients and grafts after solid-organ ... ...

Abstract	Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with strong immunosuppressive potency. Firstly marketed in the mid-1980s, CsA was widely used in transplantation and greatly improved the survival rates of patients and grafts after solid-organ transplantation. Unfortunately, CsA administration can be associated with a number of side effects due to its high toxicity. These side effects seriously limited the clinical use of CsA. Therefore, it is important to understand the serious side effects of CsA in patients, especially in transplantation. In this review article, the chemistry and most known toxic effects of CsA, including the nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects, are summarized. Its available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes), published formerly, are also summarized. In addition, the molecular pathways of toxicity induced by CsA are also discussed in detail. It is hoped that this review will help to further understand the source, chemistry, and clinical application of CsA in patients as well as the potential mechanisms of CsA-induced toxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Cyclosporine/toxicity ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Immunosuppressive Agents ; Cyclosporine (83HN0GTJ6D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1319315-6
ISSN	1875-533X ; 0929-8673
ISSN (online)	1875-533X
ISSN	0929-8673
DOI	10.2174/0929867327666201006153202
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Zs.A 4432: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Phenytoin - An anti-seizure drug: Overview of its chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.

Patocka, Jiri / Wu, Qinghua / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Kuca, Kamil

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

2020 Volume 142, Page(s) 111393

Abstract: Phenytoin is a long-standing, anti-seizure drug widely used in clinical practice. It has also been evaluated in the context of many other illnesses in addition to its original epilepsy indication. The narrow therapeutic index of phenytoin and its ... ...

Abstract	Phenytoin is a long-standing, anti-seizure drug widely used in clinical practice. It has also been evaluated in the context of many other illnesses in addition to its original epilepsy indication. The narrow therapeutic index of phenytoin and its ubiquitous daily use pose a high risk of poisoning. This review article focuses on the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of phenytoin, with a special focus on its mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. The side effects on human health associated with phenytoin use are thoroughly described. In particular, DRESS syndrome and cerebellar atrophy are addressed. This review will help in further understanding the benefits phenytoin use in the treatment of epilepsy.
MeSH term(s)	Anticonvulsants/chemistry ; Anticonvulsants/pharmacology ; Anticonvulsants/toxicity ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Humans ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Phenytoin/chemistry ; Phenytoin/pharmacology ; Phenytoin/toxicity ; Teratogens/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants ; Teratogens ; Phenytoin (6158TKW0C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	782617-5
ISSN	1873-6351 ; 0278-6915
ISSN (online)	1873-6351
ISSN	0278-6915
DOI	10.1016/j.fct.2020.111393
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Zs.A 529: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Contemporary mTOR inhibitor scaffolds to diseases breakdown: A patent review (2015-2021).

Oleksak, Patrik / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Chrienova, Zofia / Musilek, Kamil / Patocka, Jiri / Kuca, Kamil

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2022 Volume 238, Page(s) 114498

Abstract: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved protein kinase acting as a central regulator of cell functions. The kinase forms two distinct mTOR complexes termed as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Dysregulation of mTOR activity is associated with ... ...

Abstract	Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved protein kinase acting as a central regulator of cell functions. The kinase forms two distinct mTOR complexes termed as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Dysregulation of mTOR activity is associated with various pathological conditions. Inhibition of overactivated mTOR represent a rational approach in the treatment of numerous human diseases. Rapamycin is a potent natural inhibitor of mTOR exhibiting significant antitumor and immunosuppressive activity. Derivatization of rapamycin provided rapalogs, the first generation of mTOR inhibitors that selectively inhibit mTORC1 activity. Further interest of research community resulted in creation of the second generation of mTOR inhibitors involving both, mTOR kinase inhibitors and dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitors. Recently, combining advances of first and second generation of mTOR inhibitors yielded in the third generation of inhibitors termed as rapalinks. Nowadays, novel inhibitors belonging to all of the three generations are still under development. These inhibitors help us better to understand role of mTOR in mTOR signaling pathway as well as in diverse human diseases. In this review, we summarize recent reported mTOR inhibitors or methods of use thereof in the treatment of various diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; MTOR Inhibitors ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Chemical Substances	MTOR Inhibitors ; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; MTOR protein, human (EC 2.7.1.1) ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Sirolimus (W36ZG6FT64)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114498
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Zs.B 784: Show issues

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Article: A Review on the Synthesis and Bioactivity Aspects of Beauvericin, a

Wu, Qinghua / Patocka, Jiri / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Kuca, Kamil

Frontiers in pharmacology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 1338

Abstract: Beauvericin (BEA) is an ... ...

Abstract	Beauvericin (BEA) is an emerging
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2018.01338
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Article: Organic lead toxicology.

Patocka, Jirí

Acta medica (Hradec Kralove)

2008 Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 209–213

Abstract: Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental poison. Despite intensive study, there is still debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental ... ...

Abstract	Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental poison. Despite intensive study, there is still debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting. Significant position have organic lead compounds used more than 60 years as antiknock additives in gasoline. Chemical and toxicological characteristics of main tetraalkyl leads used as gasoline additives are discussed in this article. The majority of industries historically associated with high lead exposure have made dramatic advances in their control of occupational exposure. However, cases of unacceptably high exposure and even of frank lead poisoning are still seen, predominantly in the demolition and tank cleaning industries. Nevertheless, in most industries blood lead levels have declined below levels at which signs or symptoms are seen and the current focus of attention is on the subclinical effects of exposure. The significance of some of these effects for the overt health of the workers is often the subject of debate. Inevitably there is pressure to reduce lead exposure in the general population and in working environments, because current studies show that no level of lead exposure appears to be a 'safe' and even the current 'low' levels of exposure, especially in children, are associated with neurodevelopmental deficits.
MeSH term(s)	Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lead/chemistry ; Lead Poisoning/diagnosis ; Lead Poisoning/etiology ; Occupational Diseases/diagnosis ; Occupational Diseases/etiology
Chemical Substances	Lead (2P299V784P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1360995-6
ISSN	1211-4286
ISSN	1211-4286
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Zs.B 908: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. and its biologically active metabolites: A mini review.

Wu, Qinghua / Patocka, Jiri / Nepovimova, Eugenie / Kuca, Kamil

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2019 Volume 234, Page(s) 197–203

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known as bellyache bush or black physic nut and is widely used in local / traditional medicine due to the various biological activities attributed to its different ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is popularly known as bellyache bush or black physic nut and is widely used in local / traditional medicine due to the various biological activities attributed to its different parts, including its leaves, roots, and latex. Aim of the study: In this review, we aim to update and discuss the chemistry, specific pharmacology, and toxicological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia and its bioactive metabolites. Materials and methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched with the name "Jatropha gossypiifolia" and the term "bioactive metabolites". All studies on the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant up to December 2018 were included in this review. Results: Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves are considered to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. The root and stem have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The seeds and fruits can be used against influenza and as a sedative, analgesic or anti-diarrheal agents. The latex is bactericidal and molluscicidal. Topical application of latex is used to treat wounds and bites of venomous animals. The diluted form is usually used for the treatment of diarrhoea by indigenous peoples. Conclusions: The main pharmacological activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia include anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase, and antihypertensive activities. Species of Jatropha are notably known for their toxic potential, and their toxicity is primarily related to the latex and seed contents. However, the potential mechanisms of these pharmacological activities have not been fully explored. We hope this review will help to further inform the potential utilization of Jatropha gossypiifolia in complementary and alternative medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ethnopharmacology ; Humans ; Jatropha/chemistry ; Jatropha/metabolism ; Medicine, Traditional/adverse effects ; Medicine, Traditional/methods ; Plant Extracts/adverse effects ; Plant Extracts/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Leaves
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-26
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.022
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