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Article ; Online: Tobacco Quitlines May Help Exclusive Vapers Quit: An Analysis of Data From an Employer-Sponsored Quitline.

Short, Etta / Carpenter, Kelly M / Mullis, Kristina / Nash, Chelsea / Vickerman, Katrina A

2023 Volume 20, Page(s) E46

Abstract: Numerous studies have supported the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of quitlines for cigarette smoking cessation, but how effective they are for vaping cessation has not been established. Our secondary analysis examined quitline data on participants ...

Abstract	Numerous studies have supported the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of quitlines for cigarette smoking cessation, but how effective they are for vaping cessation has not been established. Our secondary analysis examined quitline data on participants in employer-sponsored quitlines in the US run by Optum, Inc to compare quit rates among callers who were exclusive vapers (n = 1,194) with those who were exclusive smokers (n = 22,845). We examined data from the time of quitline enrollment, January 2017, through October 2020. Before adjusting for differences in demographics, quitline treatment engagement, and unadjusted quit rates, the quit rates for vapers were significantly higher. However, after adjusting for demographic and treatment engagement variables, 6-month quit rates among vapers did not differ significantly from rates among smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smokers ; Counseling ; Smoking Cessation ; Hotlines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd20.220300
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Article ; Online: Dual Use of E-Cigarettes and Cannabis Among Young People in America: A New Public Health Hurdle?

Roberts, Megan E / Tackett, Alayna P / Singer, Jill M / Wagner, Dylan D / Lu, Bo / Wagener, Theodore L / Brinkman, Marielle / Klein, Elizabeth G / Vickerman, Katrina A / Wold, Loren E / Gumina, Richard J / Mohler, Peter J

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

2022 Volume 83, Issue 5, Page(s) 768–770

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cannabis ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Hallucinogens ; Humans ; Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology ; Public Health
Chemical Substances	Hallucinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Letter
ZDB-ID	2266450-6
ISSN	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683 ; 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
ISSN (online)	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683
ISSN	1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
DOI	10.15288/jsad.2022.83.768
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Article ; Online: Vaping and E-Cigarettes Within the Evolving Tobacco Quitline Landscape.

Vickerman, Katrina A / Carpenter, Kelly M / Raskob, Margaret K / Nash, Chelsea M / Vargas-Belcher, Robert A / Beebe, Laura A

American journal of preventive medicine

2021 Volume 60, Issue 3 Suppl 2, Page(s) S142–S153

Abstract: This article summarizes the vaping research literature as it pertains to tobacco quitlines and describes vaping assessment, treatment, and evaluation quitline practices. It also presents 2014-2018 registration data (vaping in the past 30 days, number of ... ...

Abstract	This article summarizes the vaping research literature as it pertains to tobacco quitlines and describes vaping assessment, treatment, and evaluation quitline practices. It also presents 2014-2018 registration data (vaping in the past 30 days, number of use days, use for quitting smoking, and intentions to quit vaping) from 24 public quitlines (23 states and District of Columbia) and 110,295 enrollees to employer-sponsored quitlines. Trends in vaping rates over time, by state, and by age group are described. Approximately 57,000 adult public quitline enrollees in the U.S. reported vaping at registration in 2018 (14.7% of enrollees). Most quitline participants who vape also smoke cigarettes and contact the quitline for smoking cessation support. Rates of reporting vaping and no combustible or smokeless tobacco use in the past 30 days are 0.5% of all public quitline participants (<3% of public quitline vaping product users). Data are not systematically available regarding the number of quitline participants who are seeking help quitting vaping and only vape (do not use combustible or smokeless tobacco). Few quitline participants (<1%) are youth aged <18 years, but more than a third (35%) report vaping. This paper outlines research and evaluation priorities to inform the future quitline treatment landscape with respect to vaping. The quitline community is positioned to increase the likelihood that vaping has a positive impact for adults who smoke through harm reduction or supporting cessation and has opportunities to expand impacts on youth and young adult vaping prevention and cessation.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Aged ; District of Columbia ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.013
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Article ; Online: Dual Use of E-cigarettes and Cannabis among Young People in America: A New Public Health Hurdle?

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

2022

Abstract: In this commentary, we discuss the concerning prevalence of cannabis use among young people who use e-cigarettes. National data in the U.S., as well as our own local data, indicate that dual use (i.e., nicotine e-cigarette use and cannabis use) is more ... ...

Abstract	In this commentary, we discuss the concerning prevalence of cannabis use among young people who use e-cigarettes. National data in the U.S., as well as our own local data, indicate that dual use (i.e., nicotine e-cigarette use and cannabis use) is more common than e-cigarette use alone. Our commentary discusses why this dual use is a major concern for public health. We argue that continuing to examine e-cigarettes in isolation is not only impractical but also problematic, as it misses out on opportunities to understand additive and multiplicative health impacts, to share cross-knowledge, and to inform prevention and treatment. This commentary calls for more attention to dual use and concerted, equity-enhancing efforts from funders and researchers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2266450-6
ISSN	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683 ; 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
ISSN (online)	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683
ISSN	1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
DOI	10.15288/jsad.22-00027
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Article ; Online: Feasibility and Early Outcomes of a Tailored Quitline Protocol for Smokers With Mental Health Conditions.

Carpenter, Kelly M / Nash, Chelsea M / Vargas-Belcher, Robert A / Vickerman, Katrina A / Haufle, Vincent

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2019 Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 584–591

Abstract: Introduction: Adults with mental health conditions (MHCs) smoke at higher rates, are more nicotine dependent, and have more trouble quitting smoking than those without MHCs. About half of smokers who call state-funded quitlines report MHCs, and those ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Adults with mental health conditions (MHCs) smoke at higher rates, are more nicotine dependent, and have more trouble quitting smoking than those without MHCs. About half of smokers who call state-funded quitlines report MHCs, and those with such conditions have cessation rates 8%-10% lower than those without MHCs. This article describes a clinical pilot of a tailored protocol for quitline callers with MHCs. Methods: Callers to the Texas Tobacco Quit Line who self-reported MHCs were offered a tailored quitline program, offering up to 12 weeks of combination nicotine replacement (nicotine patch plus gum or lozenge) and seven counseling calls. Characteristics, program engagement, and 7-month outcomes for these pilot participants were compared to callers in the standard Texas Tobacco Quit Line program with and without MHCs not offered the tailored program. Results: Eighty-eight percent of eligible quitline callers accepted enrollment in the tailored pilot. Pilot enrollees (n = 311) had high rates of comorbidity and serious mental illness, including bipolar disorder (59%). Those in the pilot sample participated in more coaching calls and used more nicotine replacement versus comparison groups. Early cessation outcomes showed numerically higher quit rates for pilot participants than those with MHCs in the standard program, but small sample size and low response rates prevent definitive statements about efficacy. Conclusions: Offering a tailored quitline protocol for callers with MHCs was feasible and acceptable to quitline callers and increased engagement in treatment. A larger study is needed to determine if the protocol increases cessation among this group. Implications: Nearly half of all quitline callers report a MHC. This clinical quality improvement pilot shows that delivering a tailored tobacco cessation program for smokers with MHCs is feasible and acceptable to quitline callers. Participants in the pilot group had higher engagement in treatment, doubling the number of coaching calls received and using more nicotine replacement than comparison groups. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of this program on cessation rates, although preliminary outcomes are promising.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Counseling/methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Hotlines/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Self Report ; Smokers/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Texas/epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoking/psychology ; Tobacco Smoking/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntz023
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Article ; Online: Successful Optimization of Tobacco Dependence Treatment in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy.

Bernstein, Steven L / Dziura, James / Weiss, June / Brooks, Avis H / Miller, Ted / Vickerman, Katrina A / Grau, Lauretta E / Pantalon, Michael V / Abroms, Lorien / Collins, Linda M / Toll, Benjamin

Annals of emergency medicine

2022 Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 209–221

Abstract: Study objective: Tobacco dependence treatment initiated in the hospital emergency department (ED) is effective. However, trials typically use multicomponent interventions, making it difficult to distinguish specific components that are effective. In ... ...

Abstract	Study objective: Tobacco dependence treatment initiated in the hospital emergency department (ED) is effective. However, trials typically use multicomponent interventions, making it difficult to distinguish specific components that are effective. In addition, interactions between components cannot be assessed. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy allows investigators to identify these effects. Methods: We conducted a full-factorial, 2 Results: Between February 2017 and May 2019, we enrolled 1,056 adult smokers visiting the ED. Odd ratios (95% confidence intervals) from the primary analysis of biochemically confirmed abstinence rates at 3 months for each intervention, versus control, were: brief negotiation interview, 1.8 (1.1, 2.8); nicotine replacement therapy, 2.1 (1.3, 3.2); quitline, 1.4 (0.9, 2.2); SmokefreeTXT, 1.1 (0.7, 1.7). There were no statistically significant interactions among components. Economic and qualitative analyses are in progress. Conclusion: The brief negotiation interview and nicotine replacement therapy were efficacious. This study is the first to identify components of ED-initiated tobacco dependence treatment that are individually effective. Future work will address the scalability of the brief negotiation interview and nicotine replacement therapy by offering provider-delivered brief negotiation interviews and nicotine replacement therapy prescriptions.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Treatment Outcome ; Alcoholism ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603080-4
ISSN	1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
ISSN (online)	1097-6760
ISSN	0196-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.018
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Article ; Online: A Randomized Pilot of a Tailored Smoking Cessation Quitline Intervention for Individuals Who Smoke and Vape.

Vickerman, Katrina A / Carpenter, Kelly M / Miles, Lyndsay N / Hsu, Johnathan M / Watt, Karen A / Brandon, Thomas H / Hart, Jonathan T / Javitz, Harold S / Wagener, Theodore L

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2022 Volume 24, Issue 11, Page(s) 1811–1820

Abstract: Introduction: Although e-cigarettes are not a federally approved tobacco cessation aid in the United States, many smokers use them to quit or cut down on smoking. Tailored behavioral support could improve rates of complete smoking cessation for those ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although e-cigarettes are not a federally approved tobacco cessation aid in the United States, many smokers use them to quit or cut down on smoking. Tailored behavioral support could improve rates of complete smoking cessation for those individuals. Aims and methods: A novel behavioral treatment to help dual cigarette and e-cigarette users quit smoking was tested in a randomized pilot with a state tobacco quitline. Ninety-six dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were recruited from incoming state quitline callers and randomized to receive enhanced e-cigarette coaching (EEC) or quitline treatment as usual (TAU) to examine EEC feasibility and acceptability. Outcomes at 3 months were treatment satisfaction, engagement, beliefs, and smoking cessation. This pilot was not powered to detect differences in quit rates. Results: Sixty-nine percent responded to the 3-month survey. EEC treatment satisfaction was noninferior to TAU: 93.8% (30/32) of EEC and 73.5% (25/34) of TAU reported being "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with treatment, respectively. EEC participants completed more coaching calls than TAU (M = 3.4 vs. M = 2.7, p = .03), and the majority in both groups elected to receive nicotine replacement therapy (EEC: 100%, TAU: 94%, p = .24). With missing data imputed as smoking, intent-to-treat 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence rates were 41.3% (19/46) for EEC and 28.0% (14/50) for TAU (p = .20). Conclusions: The EEC quitline intervention for dual cigarette and e-cigarette users demonstrated high levels of treatment satisfaction and engagement. This pilot was not powered to detect significant differences in smoking cessation; however, cessation rates were promising and warrant evaluation in a fully powered trial. Implications: If this scalable behavioral treatment to help dual cigarette and e-cigarette users quit smoking proves to be effective in a larger trial, quitlines could implement this harm reduction approach to improve outcomes for callers who already use e-cigarettes and are planning to use them while quitting smoking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Pilot Projects
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntac129
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Article ; Online: Marijuana Use and Adherence to Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Callers to Tobacco Quitlines.

Carpenter, Kelly M / Torres, Alula J / Salmon, Erica E / Carlini, Beatriz H / Vickerman, Katrina A / Schauer, Gillian L / Bush, Terry

Preventing chronic disease

2020 Volume 17, Page(s) E102

Abstract: Introduction: Tobacco kills over half a million adults annually in the United States. Most smokers want to quit, and over 400,000 call state-funded quitlines for help each year. Marijuana use among tobacco users is common and may impede quitting, but co- ...

Abstract	Introduction: Tobacco kills over half a million adults annually in the United States. Most smokers want to quit, and over 400,000 call state-funded quitlines for help each year. Marijuana use among tobacco users is common and may impede quitting, but co-use rates among quitline callers are unknown. The purpose of our observational study was to describe marijuana use among quitline callers in states with legalized marijuana. Methods: Participants were 1,059 smokers aged 21 or older from Oregon, Alaska, and Washington, DC, who called quitlines from September through December 2016. Data on quitline callers' demographics, tobacco and marijuana use, and quitline use were collected. We used χ Result: Among quitline callers in our study, 24% reported using marijuana in the past 30 days: 28.9% in Alaska, 16.7% in Washington, DC, and 25.0% in Oregon (P = .009). Current users, compared with non-users (n = 772), were less likely to be women (48.4% vs 62.0%, respectively, P < .001). Current marijuana users were less likely to be given nicotine replacement therapy (68.4%) than current nonusers (74.1%) (P < .001), but more likely to complete 3 or more counseling calls (P = .005). Of those who used marijuana in the past 30 days, 62.3% used marijuana on 1 to 19 days, 9.0% used on 20 to 29 days, and 28.7% on all 30 days. Among current marijuana users, the percentage who wanted to quit or reduce marijuana use (42.6%) was higher in Alaska (54.6%) and the District of Columbia (56.8%) than in Oregon (37.9%), P = .03. Conclusion: One in 4 quitline callers reported past 30-day marijuana use. Given that nearly half (43%) wanted to reduce marijuana use, addressing co-use may be an important addition to quitline treatment. Future studies should assess co-use effects on tobacco cessation outcomes and explore combined treatment or bidirectional referrals between quitlines and marijuana treatment providers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alaska ; Counseling ; District of Columbia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Use ; Oregon ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Use ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd17.200110
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Article ; Online: Changes in Quitline Caller Characteristics During a National Tobacco Education Campaign.

Zhang, Lei / Vickerman, Katrina / Malarcher, Ann / Carpenter, Kelly

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2015 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) 1161–1166

Abstract: Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the first federally-funded national tobacco education campaign, "Tips From Former Smokers" (Tips), in 2012. This study examined changes in quitline caller characteristics, including ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the first federally-funded national tobacco education campaign, "Tips From Former Smokers" (Tips), in 2012. This study examined changes in quitline caller characteristics, including demographics and smoking-related behaviors before and during the Tips campaign. Methods: Using quitline data from 20 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, we examined characteristics of 76,933 callers during the Tips campaign (March 19, 2012 to June 10, 2012) compared to 44,710 callers from a similar time period in 2011 (March 21, 2011 to June 12, 2011). We also examined whether characteristics differed by self-reported awareness of Tips during the campaign in 13 quitlines that added a Tips awareness question. Group differences were assessed using chi-square and t tests, adjusted for clustering by state. Results: Overall, few meaningful differences in caller characteristic existed, indicating broad reach of the Tips campaign across demographic groups. Compared with 2011, the number of callers during Tips increased by 72% and callers were twice as likely to hear about the quitline through television media. The proportion of uninsured callers was slightly higher during the Tips campaign than in 2011. Persons aware of the campaign were slightly more likely to be non-Hispanic Blacks, younger than age 55 years, and uninsured than those unaware of the campaign. Conclusions: The Tips campaign increased the reach of quitline services to the general population of smokers, with increases across all demographic and tobacco use groups, but particularly among those who were uninsured. Such campaigns have the potential to increase access to cessation services for the uninsured.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Hotlines/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Medically Uninsured ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control ; United States ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntu271
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Article ; Online: Treatment development, implementation, and participant baseline characteristics: A randomized pilot study of a tailored quitline intervention for individuals who smoke and vape.

Vickerman, Katrina A / Carpenter, Kelly M / Miles, Lyndsay N / Hsu, Johnathan M / Watt, Karen A / Brandon, Thomas H / Hart, Jonathan T / Javitz, Harold S / Wagener, Theodore L

Contemporary clinical trials communications

2021 Volume 24, Page(s) 100845

Abstract: Background: Approximately 57,000 dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes call state tobacco quitlines in the U.S. each year.: Methods: This paper describes a behavioral intervention for dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes designed to increase ...

Abstract	Background: Approximately 57,000 dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes call state tobacco quitlines in the U.S. each year. Methods: This paper describes a behavioral intervention for dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes designed to increase cigarette abstinence. It also presents baseline data from a randomized pilot comparing the Enhanced E-cigarette Coaching (EEC) intervention with quitline treatment as usual (TAU). Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline callers were recruited at registration and randomized to EEC ( Results: Participants averaged 40.6 years of age and 19.2 cigarettes per day; 85% smoked daily, 48% vaped daily, and 53% reported medium to high e-cigarette dependence. Most reported using e-cigarettes to quit (43%) or to cut down (26%) on smoking. Most had previously tried to quit smoking (91%) and had tried FDA-approved cessation medications (79%). Beliefs about vaping, NRT, and smoking included misinformation. After discussing the relative risks of NRT, vaping, and smoking, most EEC participants (89%) selected a quit plan that incorporated both NRT and vaping. Conclusions: At baseline, most participants reported a history of failed quit attempts with NRT and were vaping to quit or cut down on smoking, but they may need more support to completely quit smoking. If the EEC improves smoking outcomes, it would provide needed guidance on behavioral support best practices for individuals who vape and want to quit smoking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-8654
ISSN (online)	2451-8654
DOI	10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100845
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