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Article ; Online: Protocol to quantify and phenotype SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a rapid flow-cytometry-based whole blood assay.

Mutavhatsindi, Hygon / Riou, Catherine

STAR protocols

2022 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 101771

Abstract: ... of this protocol, please refer to Riou et al. (2021). ...

Abstract	Monitoring antigen-specific T cell frequency, function, and phenotype is essential to assess the host immune response to pathogens or novel vaccines. Here, we describe a rapid and simple ex vivo whole blood assay to detect and phenotype the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. We detail steps for whole blood stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide and subsequent cell fixation and cryopreservation. We further describe thawing and cell staining steps for flow cytometry analysis. This approach minimizes sample manipulation and has a quick turnaround time. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Riou et al. (2021).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; T-Lymphocytes ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Flow Cytometry ; COVID-19 ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101771
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Article ; Online: The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV.

Höft, Maxine A / Burgers, Wendy A / Riou, Catherine

Cellular & molecular immunology

2023 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 184–196

Abstract: This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well- ... ...

Abstract	This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well-controlled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals, people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH. This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination. People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in areas with a high HIV burden.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; HIV Infections ; Immunity ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2435097-7
ISSN	2042-0226 ; 1672-7681
ISSN (online)	2042-0226
ISSN	1672-7681
DOI	10.1038/s41423-023-01087-w
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Article ; Online: Photodynamic inactivation of Botrytis cinerea by an anionic porphyrin: an alternative pest management of grapevine.

Ambrosini, Veronica / Issawi, Mohammad / Sol, Vincent / Riou, Catherine

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 17438

Abstract: Botrytis cinerea is a necrotic plant fungus that causes gray mold disease in over 200 crops, including grapevine. Due to its genetic plasticity, this fungus presents strong resistance to many fungicides. Thus, new strategies against B. cinerea are ... ...

Abstract	Botrytis cinerea is a necrotic plant fungus that causes gray mold disease in over 200 crops, including grapevine. Due to its genetic plasticity, this fungus presents strong resistance to many fungicides. Thus, new strategies against B. cinerea are urgently needed. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) was considered. APDT involves the use of a photosensitizer that generates reactive oxygen species upon illumination with white light. Tetra-4-sulfonatophenyl porphyrin tetra-ammonium (TPPS) was tested on B. cinerea using light. 1.5 µM TPPS completely inhibited mycelial growth. TPPS (12.5 µM) was tested on three grapevine clones from Chardonnay, Merlot and Sauvignon, grown in vitro for 2 months. Treated root apparatus of the three backgrounds increased thiol production as a molecular protection against photoactivated TPPS, leading to a normal phenotype as compared with control plantlets. Finally, 2-month-old grapevine leaves were infected with 4-day-old mycelium of B. cinerea pre-incubated or not with TPPS. The pre-treated mycelium was unable to infect the detached leaves of any of the three grapevine varieties after 72 h growth when subjected to a 16 h photoperiod, contrary to untreated mycelium. These results suggest a strong potential of photo-treatment against B. cinerea mycelium for future agricultural practices in vineyard or other cultures.
MeSH term(s)	Anions ; Botrytis/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry ; Light ; Pest Control/methods ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Porphyrins/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Vitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anions ; Fungicides, Industrial ; Porphyrins ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (35218-75-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-74427-9
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Article: Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, but Not Epstein-Barr Virus, Co-infection Associates With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Outcome in South African Patients.

Blumenthal, Melissa J / Lambarey, Humaira / Chetram, Abeen / Riou, Catherine / Wilkinson, Robert J / Schäfer, Georgia

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 795555

Abstract: In South Africa, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is occurring against the backdrop of high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), tuberculosis and non-communicable disease burdens as well as prevalent herpesviruses infections such as ... ...

Abstract	In South Africa, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is occurring against the backdrop of high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), tuberculosis and non-communicable disease burdens as well as prevalent herpesviruses infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). As part of an observational study of adults admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa during the period June-August 2020 and assessed for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we measured KSHV serology and KSHV and EBV viral load (VL) in peripheral blood in relation to COVID-19 severity and outcome. A total of 104 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. 61% were men and 39% women with a median age of 53 years (range 21-86). 29.8% (95% CI: 21.7-39.1%) of the cohort was HIV positive and 41.1% (95% CI: 31.6-51.1%) were KSHV seropositive. EBV VL was detectable in 84.4% (95% CI: 76.1-84.4%) of the cohort while KSHV DNA was detected in 20.6% (95% CI: 13.6-29.2%), with dual EBV/KSHV infection in 17.7% (95% CI: 11.1-26.2%). On enrollment, 48 [46.2% (95% CI: 36.8-55.7%)] COVID-19 patients were classified as severe on the WHO ordinal scale reflecting oxygen therapy and supportive care requirements and 30 of these patients [28.8% (95% CI: 20.8-38.0%)] later died. In COVID-19 patients, detectable KSHV VL was associated with death after adjusting for age, sex, HIV status and detectable EBV VL [
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.795555
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Article ; Online: In ovo administration of a phage cocktail partially prevents colibacillosis in chicks.

Nicolas, Marianne / Faurie, Arnaud / Girault, Mylène / Lavillatte, Sébastien / Menanteau, Pierrette / Chaumeil, Thierry / Riou, Mickael / Velge, Philippe / Schouler, Catherine

Poultry science

2023 Volume 102, Issue 11, Page(s) 102967

Abstract: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, the main bacterial disease in poultry leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Antibiotic treatments favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and preventive measures are ...

Abstract	Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, the main bacterial disease in poultry leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Antibiotic treatments favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and preventive measures are insufficient to control the disease. There is increasing interest in using the potential of bacteriophages, not only for phage therapy but also for prevention and biocontrol. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a phage cocktail administered in ovo to prevent avian colibacillosis in chicks. When 4 different phages (REC, ESCO3, ESCO47, and ESCO58), stable under avian physiological conditions, were combined and inoculated at 17 embryogenic days (ED), they were transmitted to the newly hatched chicks. In a second trial, the 4-phage cocktail was inoculated into the allantoic fluid at ED16 and after hatch 1-day-old chicks were challenged with the O2 APEC strain BEN4358 inoculated subcutaneously. Two phages (REC and ESCO3) were still detected in the ceca of surviving chicks at the end of the experiment (7-days postinfection). Chicks that received the phages in ovo did not develop colibacillosis lesions and showed a significant decrease in intestinal BEN4358 load (8.00 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102967
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Article ; Online: The influence of fixation and cryopreservation of cerebrospinal fluid on antigen expression and cell percentages by flow cytometric analysis.

Singh, Gabriela / van Laarhoven, Arjan / Adams, Rozanne / Reid, Timothy Dawson / Combrinck, Jill / van Dorp, Suzanne / Riou, Catherine / Thango, Nqobile / Enslin, Johannes / Kruger, Stefan / Figaji, Anthony Aaron / Rohlwink, Ursula Karin

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2463

Abstract: The pauci-cellular nature of cerebrospinal (CSF), particularly ventricular CSF, and the rapid cell death following sampling, incumbers the use of flow cytometric analysis of these samples in the investigation of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. ... ...

Abstract	The pauci-cellular nature of cerebrospinal (CSF), particularly ventricular CSF, and the rapid cell death following sampling, incumbers the use of flow cytometric analysis of these samples in the investigation of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Developing a method that allows long-term storage and batched analysis of CSF samples without compromising cell integrity is highly desirable in clinical research, given that CSF is often sampled after hours creating logistical difficulties for fresh processing. We examined percentages and relative proportion of peripheral and brain-derived immune cells in cryopreserved and transfix-treated CSF, compared to freshly processed CSF. Cell proportions were more comparable between Fresh and Cryopreserved CSF (mean of differences = 3.19), than between fresh and transfix-treated CSF (mean of differences = 14.82). No significant differences in cell percentages were observed in fresh versus cryopreserved CSF; however significantly lower cell percentages were observed in transfix-treated CSF compared to Fresh CSF [(CD11b
MeSH term(s)	Flow Cytometry/methods ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Central Nervous System ; Immunophenotyping ; Cryopreservation/methods ; Cerebrospinal Fluid
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-52669-1
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Article: Evidence of starch accumulation in tobacco Bright Yellow (TBY-2) cells in the presence of auxin

Ambrosini, Veronica / Issawi, Mohammad / Riou, Catherine

Botany. 2021, v. 99, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Tobacco Bright Yellow (TBY-2) cell suspension is known to produce starch when cultured in a medium supplemented with cytokinin or in a hormone-free medium. Unexpectedly, TBY-2 cells continuously cultivated in the presence of auxin alone were also able to ...

Abstract	Tobacco Bright Yellow (TBY-2) cell suspension is known to produce starch when cultured in a medium supplemented with cytokinin or in a hormone-free medium. Unexpectedly, TBY-2 cells continuously cultivated in the presence of auxin alone were also able to accumulate starch at the beginning of a stationary growth phase, with a yield of 9.22% ± 0.68%. This starch production was strongly correlated with a 25-fold increase in starch synthase activity. Moreover, this TBY-2 line was able to produce an amylopectin-rich starch with a ratio of amylopectin over amylose of 2.7, which was also linked to typical small granules (1.4 µm). According to our preliminary results, this plant cell suspension could yield a low-cost, amylopectin-rich starch — which is needed in the food industry to produce edible film or bioplastic — without being impacted by climate or seasonal weather changes.
Keywords	amylopectin ; amylose ; auxins ; bioplastics ; climate ; cytokinins ; edible films ; food industry ; starch synthase ; tobacco ; weather
Language	English
Size	p. 789-794.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2467208-7
ISSN	1916-2804 ; 1916-2790
ISSN (online)	1916-2804
ISSN	1916-2790
DOI	10.1139/cjb-2021-0085
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Characterization of

Makatsa, Mohau S / Omondi, F Millicent A / Bunjun, Rubina / Wilkinson, Robert J / Riou, Catherine / Burgers, Wendy A

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2022 Volume 209, Issue 3, Page(s) 446–455

Abstract: The development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that ... ...

Abstract	The development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4
MeSH term(s)	CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Coinfection ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Th1 Cells ; Th17 Cells ; Tuberculosis
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-17
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.2200140
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Article ; Online: Derivation of a high-resolution CT-based, semi-automated radiographic score in tuberculosis and its relationship to bacillary load and antitubercular therapy.

Riou, Catherine / du Bruyn, Elsa / Kim, Grace Hyun J / da Costa, Irene / Lee, Jihey / Sher, Alan / Wilkinson, Robert J / Allwood, Brian W / Goldin, Jonathan

The European respiratory journal

2023 Volume 62, Issue 3

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bacillus ; Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/13993003.00600-2023
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Article ; Online: In ovo administration of a phage cocktail partially prevents colibacillosis in chicks

Nicolas, Marianne / Faurie, Arnaud / Girault, Mylène / Lavillatte, Sébastien / Menanteau, Pierrette / Chaumeil, Thierry / Riou, Mickael / Velge, Philippe / Schouler, Catherine

Poultry Science. 2023 July 26, p.102967-

2023 , Page(s) 102967–

Abstract	Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, the main bacterial disease in poultry leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Antibiotic treatments favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and preventive measures are insufficient to control the disease. There is increasing interest in using the potential of bacteriophages, not only for phage therapy but also for prevention and biocontrol. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a phage cocktail administered in ovo to prevent avian colibacillosis in chicks. When 4 different phages (REC, ESCO3, ESCO47, and ESCO58), stable under avian physiological conditions, were combined and inoculated at 17 embryogenic days (ED), they were transmitted to the newly hatched chicks. In a second trial, the 4-phage cocktail was inoculated into the allantoic fluid at ED16 and after hatch 1-day-old chicks were challenged with the O2 APEC strain BEN4358 inoculated subcutaneously. Two phages (REC and ESCO3) were still detected in the ceca of surviving chicks at the end of the experiment (7-days postinfection). Chicks that received the phages in ovo did not develop colibacillosis lesions and showed a significant decrease in intestinal BEN4358 load (8.00 × 10⁷ CFU/g) compared to the challenged chicks (4.52 × 10⁸ CFU/g). The majority of the reisolated bacteria from the ceca of surviving chicks had developed full resistance to ESCO3 phage, and only 3 were resistant to REC phage. The partially or complete resistance of REC phage induced a considerable cost to bacterial virulence. Here, we showed that phages inoculated in ovo can partially prevent colibacillosis in 1-wk-old chicks. The reduction in the APEC load in the gut and the decreased virulence of some resistant isolates could also contribute to control the disease.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; allantoic fluid ; antibiotics ; bacteriophages ; biological control ; birds ; intestines ; multiple drug resistance ; phage therapy ; poultry ; virulence ; avian colibacillosis ; prevention ; phage cocktail ; in ovo
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0726
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102967
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