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Article: Peer review during the time of COVID-19.

Green, Bart N

2020 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–106

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced changes to all areas of education. Educators have been required to rise to the occasion and manage the crisis in an inordinately short period of time. Despite this, peer reviewers of the journal have graciously ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced changes to all areas of education. Educators have been required to rise to the occasion and manage the crisis in an inordinately short period of time. Despite this, peer reviewers of the journal have graciously continued to review papers. This editorial acknowledges the editorial board and peer reviewers and their service to the journal during a tumultuous time.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-20-12
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Chiropractic qualifying examinations:

Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2020 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

Abstract: Qualifying examinations are important in defining healthcare occupations as professions. Although the chiropractic profession has a long history of developing and improving its qualifying examinations, this information has not been well documented in the ...

Abstract	Qualifying examinations are important in defining healthcare occupations as professions. Although the chiropractic profession has a long history of developing and improving its qualifying examinations, this information has not been well documented in the peer-reviewed literature and publicly available documents. The public expects to see evidence that a professional group uses best practices when examining candidates for licensure to ensure safe and effective care. However, the void in our literature makes it difficult to find evidence of an ongoing commitment to improve the quality and best practices of our board examinations. Therefore, this issue is dedicated to papers that explain the preparation and administration of qualifying exams and how these data inform program evaluation. This theme issue reveals that chiropractic educators are engaged in ongoing quality enhancement of the tests that signify to society that licensure candidates have been appropriately examined on the specialized knowledge and skills necessary to serve as doctors of chiropractic. These articles show that chiropractic strives to uphold its commitment as a professional body and is worthy of receiving the trust that the public has bestowed upon us.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-19-30
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Education Descriptive Reports: How to Publish Pragmatic Studies in Education.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

Journal of chiropractic humanities

2022 Volume 29, Page(s) 15–21

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the contents of an education descriptive report and to provide a useful publication format for educators in the health professions.: Discussion: The education descriptive report is a pragmatic, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the contents of an education descriptive report and to provide a useful publication format for educators in the health professions. Discussion: The education descriptive report is a pragmatic, empirical study that can contribute to the literature. Education descriptive reports describe an event or situation in an education setting, the resulting outcomes, and what new information can be learned. These reports may use quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods and may be from organizational, academic, instructional, programmatic, or other educational perspectives. Conclusion: The education descriptive report gives educators in the health professions a mechanism to introduce their scholarly efforts and observations in education environments in a manner that is consistent with the academic literature. This article describes the structure of an education descriptive report and includes a helpful template for academic authors to develop their own report so they may publish observational, reflective, and hypothesis-generating articles.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1556-3499
ISSN	1556-3499
DOI	10.1016/j.echu.2022.06.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession: Authors' introduction.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2021 Volume 35, Issue S1, Page(s) 5–8

Abstract: This paper provides the authors' introduction to Looking Back: A Historical Review of the Lawsuit That Transformed the Chiropractic Profession, which is a series of papers that reviews events surrounding the federal antitrust lawsuit Wilk v American ... ...

Abstract	This paper provides the authors' introduction to Looking Back: A Historical Review of the Lawsuit That Transformed the Chiropractic Profession, which is a series of papers that reviews events surrounding the federal antitrust lawsuit Wilk v American Medical Association. Information in this series describes the events before, during, and after the lawsuit and the relevant issues related to the transformation of American mainstream health care and chiropractic. These papers give insight into many of the factors that shaped the chiropractic profession that we know today.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-21-21
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Peer review during the time of COVID-19

Green, Bart N

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced changes to all areas of education. Educators have been required to rise to the occasion and manage the crisis in an inordinately short period of time. Despite this, peer reviewers of the journal have graciously continued to review papers. This editorial acknowledges the editorial board and peer reviewers and their service to the journal during a tumultuous time.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #769834
Database	COVID19

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Article: Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 6: Preparing for the lawsuit.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2021 Volume 35, Issue S1, Page(s) 85–96

Abstract: Objective: This is the sixth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This is the sixth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the plaintiffs, lead lawyer, and the events immediately before the lawsuit was filed. Methods: This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article, the sixth of the series, explores the plaintiffs' stories. Results: Because of the AMA's boycott on chiropractic, chiropractors were not able to collaborate with medical physicians or refer patients to medical facilities, which resulted in restricted trade and potential harm to patients' well-being. The plaintiffs, Patricia Arthur, James Bryden, Michael Pedigo, and Chester Wilk, came from different regions of the United States. Each had unique experiences and were compelled to seek justice. The lead lawyer, Mr George McAndrews, was the son of a chiropractor and had witnessed the effect that the AMA's attacks on chiropractic had on his father. It took several years to gather enough resources to file the suit, which was submitted in 1976. Conclusion: The conflicts that the plaintiffs experienced stimulated them to pursue a lawsuit against the AMA and other organized political medicine groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-21-27
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 3: Chiropractic growth.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2021 Volume 35, Issue S1, Page(s) 45–54

Abstract: Objective: This is the third paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This is the third paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the growth of chiropractic, its public relations campaigns, and infighting that contributed to the events surrounding the Wilk v AMA lawsuit. Methods: This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the third of the series that explores the growth the chiropractic profession. Results: By the 1930s, the AMA was already under investigation for violation of antitrust laws and the National Chiropractic Association was suggesting that the AMA was establishing a health care monopoly. Chiropractic schools grew and the number of graduates rose quickly. Public relations campaigns and publications in the popular press attempted to educate the public about chiropractic. Factions within the profession polarized around differing views of how they thought that chiropractic should be practiced and portrayed to the public. The AMA leaders noted the infighting and used it to their advantage to subvert chiropractic. Conclusion: Chiropractic grew rapidly and established its presence with the American public through public relations campaigns and popular press. However, infighting would give the AMA material to further its efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-21-24
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 1: Origins of the conflict.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2021 Volume 35, Issue S1, Page(s) 9–24

Abstract: Objective: This paper is the first in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This paper is the first in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the AMA and the origins of chiropractic and to explore how the AMA began its monopoly of health care in the United States, possible reasons that organized medicine acted against chiropractic, and how these events influenced the chiropractic profession. Methods: This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. We used primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers that follow a successive time line. This paper is the first of the series and explores the origins of the aversion of organized American medicine to other health professions and the origins of the chiropractic profession. Results: The AMA began in the mid-1800s to unify like-minded "regular" medical physicians who developed a code of ethics and promoted higher educational standards. Their efforts to unify had excluded other types of health care providers, which they called "irregular" practitioners. However, Americans were seeking more natural alternatives to the harsh methods that regular medical physicians offered at that time. Nearly 50 years after the AMA began, the chiropractic profession attempted to emerge during a time when many patients valued vitalism and their freedom to choose what health care provider they would access. Conclusion: During the years that chiropractic developed as a healing profession, organized medicine was already well established and developing a monopoly in American health care. These events created the foundation on which the tensions between these professions were built and ultimately resulted in the Wilk v AMA lawsuit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-21-22
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: An Essential Guide to Chiropractic in the United States Military Health System and Veterans Health Administration.

Green, Bart N / Dunn, Andrew S

Journal of chiropractic humanities

2021 Volume 28, Page(s) 35–48

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide an essential overview of chiropractic services in United States military and veterans' health care systems.: Methods: We reviewed literature, legislation, and policies from 1936 through September ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide an essential overview of chiropractic services in United States military and veterans' health care systems. Methods: We reviewed literature, legislation, and policies from 1936 through September 2021 pertaining to chiropractic services in the United States military and veterans' health systems. Using these sources and our combined experience in these systems, we identified fundamental themes in the delivery of chiropractic care in the health care systems of the Department of Defense (providing health care for active duty service members) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (providing health care for veterans) in main topic areas. Results: We identified 7 main topic areas relevant to the 2 systems: populations served by chiropractors; health care systems; integration; utilization and supply of chiropractic care; vetting of chiropractors; roles and evaluation of chiropractors; and oversight and leadership. Key information about chiropractic care in these systems was synthesized into the main topic areas. Benefits of high-quality within-system chiropractic care to active-duty service members and veterans are presented. The assets that within-system chiropractors bring to the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs health care systems are discussed for each main topic area. Conclusion: This article contains an essential overview of chiropractic services in the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs. It offers clarity regarding the integration of chiropractic services into these health care systems and includes a 1-page brief of talking points that may help better inform ongoing discussions of chiropractic services in these 2 different but intertwined environments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1556-3499
ISSN	1556-3499
DOI	10.1016/j.echu.2021.10.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 7: Lawsuit and decisions.

Johnson, Claire D / Green, Bart N

The Journal of chiropractic education

2021 Volume 35, Issue S1, Page(s) 97–116

Abstract: Objective: This is the seventh paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This is the seventh paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the lawsuit that was first filed in 1976 and concluded with the final denial of appeal in 1990. Methods: This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive time line. This paper, the seventh of the series, considers the information of the 2 trials and the judge's decision. Results: By the time the first trial began in 1980, the AMA had already changed its anti-chiropractic stance to allow medical doctors to associate with chiropractors if they wished. In the first trial, the chiropractors were not able to overcome the very stigma that organized medicine worked so hard to create over many decades, which resulted in the jury voting in favor of the AMA and other defendants. The plaintiffs, Drs Patricia Arthur, James Bryden, Michael Pedigo, and Chester Wilk, continued with their pursuit of justice. Their lawyer, Mr George McAndrews, fought for an appeal and was allowed a second trial. The second trial was a bench trial in which Judge Susan Getzendanner declared her final judgment that "the American Medical Association (AMA) and its members participated in a conspiracy against chiropractors in violation of the nation's antitrust laws." After the AMA's appeal was denied by the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 1990, the decision was declared permanent. The injunction that was ordered by the judge was published in the January 1, 1988, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Conclusion: The efforts by Mr McAndrews and his legal team and the persistence of the plaintiffs and countless others in the chiropractic profession concluded in Judge Getzendanner's decision, which prevented the AMA from rebuilding barriers or developing another boycott. The chiropractic profession was ready to move into its next century.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2261817-X
ISSN	1042-5055
ISSN	1042-5055
DOI	10.7899/JCE-21-28
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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