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  1. Article ; Online: A budding new approach strengthens an important message.

    Zost, Seth J / Carnahan, Robert H

    Cell

    2023  Volume 186, Issue 11, Page(s) 2283–2285

    Abstract: In vaccinology, both mRNA-based delivery of genes encoding antigens as well as nanoparticle-based vaccines have shown great promise in tackling challenging pathogens. In this issue of Cell, Hoffmann et al. combine these two approaches, harnessing the ... ...

    Abstract In vaccinology, both mRNA-based delivery of genes encoding antigens as well as nanoparticle-based vaccines have shown great promise in tackling challenging pathogens. In this issue of Cell, Hoffmann et al. combine these two approaches, harnessing the same cellular pathway hijacked by many viruses to boost immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies, Viral ; Cell Division ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Nanoparticles ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A counterintuitive antibody cocktail disrupts coxsackievirus.

    Zost, Seth J / Vogt, Matthew R

    Cell host & microbe

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 1194–1195

    Abstract: Utilizing monoclonal antibodies to prevent and treat infectious diseases has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zheng et al. show how a three-monoclonal-antibody cocktail, that defies conventions of "rational ...

    Abstract Utilizing monoclonal antibodies to prevent and treat infectious diseases has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zheng et al. show how a three-monoclonal-antibody cocktail, that defies conventions of "rational design" for a therapeutic agent, functions cooperatively to disrupt coxsackievirus virions.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Enterovirus ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Virion
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A budding new approach strengthens an important message

    Zost, Seth J. / Carnahan, Robert H.

    Cell. 2023 May, v. 186, no. 11 p.2283-2285

    2023  

    Abstract: In vaccinology, both mRNA-based delivery of genes encoding antigens as well as nanoparticle-based vaccines have shown great promise in tackling challenging pathogens. In this issue of Cell, Hoffmann et al. combine these two approaches, harnessing the ... ...

    Abstract In vaccinology, both mRNA-based delivery of genes encoding antigens as well as nanoparticle-based vaccines have shown great promise in tackling challenging pathogens. In this issue of Cell, Hoffmann et al. combine these two approaches, harnessing the same cellular pathway hijacked by many viruses to boost immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
    Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; vaccination ; vaccine development
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Size p. 2283-2285.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.034
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Real-time cell analysis: A high-throughput approach for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization and escape.

    Suryadevara, Naveenchandra / Gilchuk, Pavlo / Zost, Seth J / Mittal, Nikhil / Zhao, Li Leyna / Crowe, James E / Carnahan, Robert H

    STAR protocols

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 101387

    Abstract: ... 2). For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zost et al ...

    Abstract Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) enables high-throughput, quantitative kinetic measurements of cytopathic effect (CPE) in virus-infected cells. Here, we detail a RTCA approach for assessing antibody neutralization. We describe how to evaluate the neutralizing potency of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and identify viral escape mutants to antibody neutralization for severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zost et al. (2020) and Suryadevara et al. (2021).
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101387
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Real-time cell analysis

    Naveenchandra Suryadevara / Pavlo Gilchuk / Seth J. Zost / Nikhil Mittal / Li Leyna Zhao / James E. Crowe, Jr. / Robert H. Carnahan

    STAR Protocols, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 101387- (2022)

    A high-throughput approach for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization and escape

    2022  

    Abstract: ... 2).For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zost et al. (2020 ...

    Abstract Summary: Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) enables high-throughput, quantitative kinetic measurements of cytopathic effect (CPE) in virus-infected cells. Here, we detail a RTCA approach for assessing antibody neutralization. We describe how to evaluate the neutralizing potency of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and identify viral escape mutants to antibody neutralization for severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zost et al. (2020) and Suryadevara et al. (2021).
    Keywords Cell-based Assays ; Health Sciences ; High Throughput Screening ; Immunology ; Microbiology ; Antibody ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Immunodominance and Antigenic Variation of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin: Implications for Design of Universal Vaccine Immunogens.

    Zost, Seth J / Wu, Nicholas C / Hensley, Scott E / Wilson, Ian A

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2018  Volume 219, Issue Suppl_1, Page(s) S38–S45

    Abstract: Influenza viruses routinely acquire mutations in their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins that abrogate binding of pre-existing antibodies in a process known as antigenic drift. Most human antibodies against HA and NA are directed ... ...

    Abstract Influenza viruses routinely acquire mutations in their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins that abrogate binding of pre-existing antibodies in a process known as antigenic drift. Most human antibodies against HA and NA are directed against epitopes that are hypervariable and not against epitopes that are conserved among different influenza virus strains. Universal influenza vaccines are currently being developed to elicit protective responses against functionally conserved sites on influenza proteins where viral escape mutations can result in large fitness costs [1]. Universal vaccine targets include the highly conserved HA stem domain [2-12], the less conserved HA receptor-binding site (RBS) [13-16], as well as conserved sites on NA [17-19]. One central challenge of universal vaccine efforts is to steer human antibody responses away from immunodominant, variable epitopes and towards subdominant, functionally conserved sites. Overcoming this challenge will require further understanding of the structural basis of broadly neutralizing HA and NA antibody binding epitopes and factors that influence immunodominance hierarchies of human antibody responses.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigenic Variation/immunology ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology ; Genetic Drift ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Influenza Vaccines ; hemagglutinin, human influenza A virus ; Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiy696
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from children exhibit broad neutralization and belong to adult public clonotypes.

    Wall, Steven C / Suryadevara, Naveenchandra / Kim, Changil / Shiakolas, Andrea R / Holt, Clinton M / Irbe, Emma B / Wasdin, Perry T / Suresh, Yukthi P / Binshtein, Elad / Chen, Elaine C / Zost, Seth J / Canfield, Elizabeth / Crowe, James E / Thompson-Arildsen, Mary Ann / Sheward, Daniel J / Carnahan, Robert H / Georgiev, Ivelin S

    Cell reports. Medicine

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 11, Page(s) 101267

    Abstract: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have exhibited different susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, reinfection, and disease compared with adults. Motivated by the established ... ...

    Abstract From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have exhibited different susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, reinfection, and disease compared with adults. Motivated by the established significance of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in adults, here we characterize SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody repertoires in a young cohort of individuals aged from 5 months to 18 years old. Our results show that neutralizing antibodies in children possess similar genetic features compared to antibodies identified in adults, with multiple antibodies from children belonging to previously established public antibody clonotypes in adults. Notably, antibodies from children show potent neutralization of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants that have cumulatively resulted in resistance to virtually all approved monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Our results show that children can rely on similar SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization mechanisms compared to adults and are an underutilized source for the discovery of effective antibody therapeutics to counteract the ever-evolving pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Child ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2666-3791
    ISSN (online) 2666-3791
    DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101267
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

    VanBlargan, Laura A / Errico, John M / Halfmann, Peter J / Zost, Seth J / Crowe, James E / Purcell, Lisa A / Kawaoka, Yoshihiro / Corti, Davide / Fremont, Daved H / Diamond, Michael S

    Nature medicine

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 490–495

    Abstract: The emergence of the highly transmissible B.1.1.529 Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is concerning for antibody countermeasure efficacy because of the number of mutations in the spike protein. In this study, ...

    Abstract The emergence of the highly transmissible B.1.1.529 Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is concerning for antibody countermeasure efficacy because of the number of mutations in the spike protein. In this study, we tested a panel of anti-receptor-binding domain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) corresponding to those in clinical use by Vir Biotechnology (S309, the parent mAb of VIR-7831 (sotrovimab)), AstraZeneca (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, the parent mAbs of AZD8895 and AZD1061), Regeneron (REGN10933 and REGN10987), Eli Lilly (LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016) and Celltrion (CT-P59) for their ability to neutralize an infectious B.1.1.529 Omicron isolate. Several mAbs (LY-CoV555, LY-CoV016, REGN10933, REGN10987 and CT-P59) completely lost neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529 virus in both Vero-TMPRSS2 and Vero-hACE2-TMPRSS2 cells, whereas others were reduced (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130 combination, ~12-fold decrease) or minimally affected (S309). Our results suggest that several, but not all, of the antibodies in clinical use might lose efficacy against the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COV2-2130 ; COV2-2196 ; Immunoglobulin G ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; tixagevimab ; cilgavimab (1KUR4BN70F) ; sotrovimab (1MTK0BPN8V) ; bamlanivimab (45I6OFJ8QH) ; regdanvimab (I0BGE6P6I6) ; etesevimab (N7Q9NLF11I)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-021-01678-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Prototype mRNA vaccines imprint broadly neutralizing human serum antibodies after Omicron variant-matched boosting

    Liang, Chieh-Yu / Raju, Saravanan / Liu, Zhuoming / Li, Yuhao / Arunkumar, Guha A. / Case, James Brett / Zost, Seth J. / Acreman, Cory M. / Carvalho dos Anjos, Deborah Carolina / McLellan, Jason S. / Crowe, James E. / Whelan, Sean P.J. / Elbashir, Sayda M. / Edwards, Darin K. / Diamond, Michael S.

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: Immune imprinting is a phenomenon in which an individual9s prior antigenic experiences influence responses to subsequent infection or vaccination. Here, using antibody depletion and multiplexed spike-binding assays, we characterized the type-specificity ... ...

    Abstract Immune imprinting is a phenomenon in which an individual9s prior antigenic experiences influence responses to subsequent infection or vaccination. Here, using antibody depletion and multiplexed spike-binding assays, we characterized the type-specificity and cross-reactivity of serum antibody responses after mRNA vaccination in mice and human clinical trial participants. In mice, a single priming dose of a preclinical version of mRNA-1273 vaccine encoding Wuhan-1 spike minimally imprinted serum responses elicited by Omicron boosters, enabling a robust generation of type-specific antibodies. However, substantial imprinting was observed in mice receiving an Omicron booster after two priming doses of mRNA-1273, an effect that was mitigated by a second booster dose of Omicron mRNA vaccine. In humans who received two BA.5 or XBB.1.5 Omicron-matched boosters after two or more doses of the prototype mRNA-1273 vaccine, spike-binding and neutralizing serum antibodies cross-reacted with circulating Omicron variants as well as more distantly related sarbecoviruses. Because the serum neutralizing response against Omicron strains and other sarbecoviruses was completely abrogated after pre-clearing with the Wuhan-1 spike protein, antibodies induced by XBB.1.5 boosting in humans focus on conserved epitopes shaped and shared by the antecedent mRNA-1273 primary series. Our depletion analysis also identified cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and S2 proteins with differential inhibitory effects on members of the sarbecovirus subgenus. Thus, although the serum antibody response to Omicron-based boosters in humans is dominantly imprinted by prior immunizations with prototype mRNA-1273 vaccines, this outcome can be beneficial as it drives expansion of multiple classes of cross-neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and extend activity to distantly related sarbecoviruses.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.03.574018
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Systematic analysis of human antibody response to ebolavirus glycoprotein shows high prevalence of neutralizing public clonotypes.

    Chen, Elaine C / Gilchuk, Pavlo / Zost, Seth J / Ilinykh, Philipp A / Binshtein, Elad / Huang, Kai / Myers, Luke / Bonissone, Stefano / Day, Samuel / Kona, Chandrahaas R / Trivette, Andrew / Reidy, Joseph X / Sutton, Rachel E / Gainza, Christopher / Diaz, Summer / Williams, Jazmean K / Selverian, Christopher N / Davidson, Edgar / Saphire, Erica Ollmann /
    Doranz, Benjamin J / Castellana, Natalie / Bukreyev, Alexander / Carnahan, Robert H / Crowe, James E

    Cell reports

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 112370

    Abstract: Understanding the human antibody response to emerging viral pathogens is key to epidemic preparedness. As the size of the B cell response to a pathogenic-virus-protective antigen is poorly defined, we perform deep paired heavy- and light-chain sequencing ...

    Abstract Understanding the human antibody response to emerging viral pathogens is key to epidemic preparedness. As the size of the B cell response to a pathogenic-virus-protective antigen is poorly defined, we perform deep paired heavy- and light-chain sequencing in Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP)-specific memory B cells, allowing analysis of the ebolavirus-specific antibody repertoire both genetically and functionally. This approach facilitates investigation of the molecular and genetic basis for the evolution of cross-reactive antibodies by elucidating germline-encoded properties of antibodies to EBOV and identification of the overlap between antibodies in the memory B cell and serum repertoire. We identify 73 public clonotypes of EBOV, 20% of which encode antibodies with neutralization activity and capacity to protect mice in vivo. This comprehensive analysis of the public and private antibody repertoire provides insight into the molecular basis of the humoral immune response to EBOV GP, which informs the design of vaccines and improved therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Ebolavirus ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; Antibody Formation ; Prevalence ; Glycoproteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Glycoproteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112370
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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