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  1. Article ; Online: T helper 2 cells in asthma.

    Harker, James A / Lloyd, Clare M

    The Journal of experimental medicine

    2023  Volume 220, Issue 6

    Abstract: Allergic asthma is among the most common immune-mediated diseases across the world, and type 2 immune responses are thought to be central to pathogenesis. The importance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells as central regulators of type 2 responses in asthma has, ... ...

    Abstract Allergic asthma is among the most common immune-mediated diseases across the world, and type 2 immune responses are thought to be central to pathogenesis. The importance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells as central regulators of type 2 responses in asthma has, however, become less clear with the discovery of other potent innate sources of type 2 cytokines and innate mediators of inflammation such as the alarmins. This review provides an update of our current understanding of Th2 cells in human asthma, highlighting their many guises and functions in asthma, both pathogenic and regulatory, and how these are influenced by the tissue location and disease stage and severity. It also explores how biologics targeting type 2 immune pathways are impacting asthma, and how these have the potential to reveal hitherto underappreciated roles for Th2 cell in lung inflammation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Th2 Cells ; Asthma ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Pneumonia/pathology ; Immunity, Innate
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218343-2
    ISSN 1540-9538 ; 0022-1007
    ISSN (online) 1540-9538
    ISSN 0022-1007
    DOI 10.1084/jem.20221094
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: T Follicular Helper Cells in Asthma Through Murine Models of Allergic Airway Disease.

    Uwadiae, Faith I / Harker, James A

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2380, Page(s) 235–254

    Abstract: The development of allergen-specific IgE is one of the hallmark symptoms of allergic diseases, including asthma. T follicular helper cells (TFH) are a subset of ... ...

    Abstract The development of allergen-specific IgE is one of the hallmark symptoms of allergic diseases, including asthma. T follicular helper cells (TFH) are a subset of CD4
    MeSH term(s) Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mice ; Respiration Disorders ; T Follicular Helper Cells ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
    Chemical Substances Allergens ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_20
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  3. Article ; Online: Overlapping and distinct features of viral and allergen immunity in the human lung.

    Harker, James A / Lloyd, Clare M

    Immunity

    2021  Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 617–631

    Abstract: Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate and innate-like lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, innate ... ...

    Abstract Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate and innate-like lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and invariant T cells. Lung-resident memory T and B cells contribute to this network following initial exposure to antigenic stimuli. This review explores how advances in the study of human immunology have shaped our understanding of this resident immune network and its response to two of the most commonly encountered inflammatory stimuli in the airways: viruses and allergens. It discusses the many ways in which pathogenic infection and allergic inflammation mirror each other, highlighting the key checkpoints at which they diverge and how this can result in a lifetime of allergic exacerbation versus protective anti-viral immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/virology ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/virology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Virus Diseases/immunology
    Chemical Substances Allergens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Rapidly Deployable Mouse Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Add Flexibility to the COVID-19 Toolbox.

    Harker, James A / Johansson, Cecilia

    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

    2020  Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–9

    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lung ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1025960-0
    ISSN 1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
    ISSN (online) 1535-4989
    ISSN 1044-1549
    DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0456ED
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  5. Article ; Online: A Not-So-Good Way to Die? Respiratory Syncytial Virus-induced Necroptotic Cell Death Promotes Inflammation and Type 2-mediated Pathology.

    Harker, James A / Snelgrove, Robert J

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2020  Volume 201, Issue 11, Page(s) 1321–1323

    MeSH term(s) Epithelial Cells ; HMGB1 Protein ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Necroptosis ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
    Chemical Substances HMGB1 Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202003-0533ED
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  6. Article ; Online: Immunological fortification at our barrier organs: Protecting us as we age.

    Harker, James A / Pallett, Laura J

    Immunology

    2020  Volume 160, Issue 2, Page(s) 103–105

    Abstract: Our barrier surfaces are fundamental in protecting us from the outside world and segregating key biological processes. The immunological fortifications found at these sites therefore possess many distinct qualities, which are discussed in Immunology's ... ...

    Abstract Our barrier surfaces are fundamental in protecting us from the outside world and segregating key biological processes. The immunological fortifications found at these sites therefore possess many distinct qualities, which are discussed in Immunology's series of reviews on Barrier Immunity. Together these reviews showcase novel biological processes identified through the use of state-of-the-art technologies, and specifically highlight how these change throughout our lives.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/immunology ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/immunology ; Genitalia, Female/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunity ; Liver/immunology ; Microbiota/immunology ; Skin/immunology ; Skin/microbiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80124-0
    ISSN 1365-2567 ; 0019-2805 ; 0953-4954
    ISSN (online) 1365-2567
    ISSN 0019-2805 ; 0953-4954
    DOI 10.1111/imm.13197
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  7. Article ; Online: IL-6 and IL-27 play both distinct and redundant roles in regulating CD4 T-cell responses during chronic viral infection.

    Harker, James A / Greene, Trever T / Barnett, Burton E / Bao, Phuc / Dolgoter, Aleksandr / Zuniga, Elina I

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1221562

    Abstract: The IL-6 cytokine family signals through the common signal transduction molecule gp130 combined with a cytokine-specific receptor. Gp130 signaling on CD4 T cells is vital in controlling chronic infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ... ...

    Abstract The IL-6 cytokine family signals through the common signal transduction molecule gp130 combined with a cytokine-specific receptor. Gp130 signaling on CD4 T cells is vital in controlling chronic infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl13), but the precise role of individual members of the IL-6 cytokine family is not fully understood. Transcriptional analysis highlighted the importance of gp130 signaling in promoting key processes in CD4 T cells after LCMV Cl13 infection, particularly genes associated with T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation and IL-21 production. Further,
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Interleukin-27/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Cytokine Receptor gp130/genetics ; Cytokine Receptor gp130/metabolism ; Persistent Infection ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-27 ; Interleukin-6 ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 (133483-10-0) ; Receptors, Cytokine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221562
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  8. Article: Low Stiffness Dance Flooring Increases Peak Ankle Plantar Flexor Muscle Activation During a Ballet Jump.

    Hackney, James / Wilcoxon, Sarah / Holtmeier, Mary / Eaves, Hanna / Harker, Gerard / Potthast, Amy

    Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 99–106

    Abstract: Introduction: Research in court sports shows that factors which aid in extrinsic shock absorption, that is, flooring and footwear, can help reduce lower extremity injuries. However, since students and performers of ballet or most styles of contemporary ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Research in court sports shows that factors which aid in extrinsic shock absorption, that is, flooring and footwear, can help reduce lower extremity injuries. However, since students and performers of ballet or most styles of contemporary dance cannot depend upon footwear, the only extrinsic factor to help them with shock absorption is flooring.
    Methods: We investigated whether doing sauté on a low stiffness dance floor produced a difference in EMG output of the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, of soleus compared to a high stiffness floor. Average and average peak amplitude EMG output from 18 dance students or active dancers performing 8 repetitions of sauté on a low stiffness floor (Harlequin® Woodspring) was compared to a maple hardwood floor on concreted subflooring.
    Results: The data showed a significant increase in average peak EMG muscle amplitude during jumping on the low stiffness floor compared to a high stiffness floor for the soleus muscle (
    Conclusion: The difference in average peak amplitude of EMG output is explained through the difference in force absorption between floors. With the high stiffness floor, more force of the landing was returned to the dancers' legs, but the low stiffness floor absorbed some of the force of landing the jump, and therefore muscles needed to contribute more to maintain the same jump height. The force absorption characteristic of the low stiffness floor may decrease injury rates in dance through causing an adjustment in muscle velocity. Rapid eccentric muscle activity carries the greatest possibility of musculotendinous injury and is experienced in lower body muscles controlling all joints during impact absorption, which includes landing of jumps in dance. If a surface can decelerate the landing of a high velocity dance movement, it also decreases the musculotendinous demand for high velocity tension generation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ankle ; Dancing/physiology ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Leg/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1089-313X
    ISSN 1089-313X
    DOI 10.1177/1089313X231177180
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  10. Article ; Online: Epigenetic Control of Interleukin-9 in Asthma.

    Lloyd, Clare M / Harker, James A

    The New England journal of medicine

    2018  Volume 379, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–89

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/genetics ; Asthma/metabolism ; CD4 Antigens ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epigenomics ; Humans ; Interleukin-9/antagonists & inhibitors ; Interleukin-9/genetics ; Mice ; Receptors, Interleukin-9/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Interleukin-9/biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CD4 Antigens ; IL9 protein, human ; Il9r protein, mouse ; Interleukin-9 ; Receptors, Interleukin-9
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMcibr1803610
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