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Article: Psychosocial needs of post-radiotherapy cancer survivors and their direct caregivers - a systematic review.

Man, Ka Hei / Law, Helen Ka-Wai / Tam, Shing Yau

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1246844

Abstract: Radiotherapy is an important modality for cancer treatment. About 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy, and one-third of radiotherapy recipients were identified as having unmet psychosocial needs. The unmet psychosocial needs worsen the patient's ... ...

Abstract	Radiotherapy is an important modality for cancer treatment. About 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy, and one-third of radiotherapy recipients were identified as having unmet psychosocial needs. The unmet psychosocial needs worsen the patient's quality of life and treatment effectiveness. This review aims to identify the psychosocial needs of post-radiotherapy cancer survivors and their direct caregivers. Systematic research of Embase, Scopus and PubMed was done and 17 studies were selected for analysis. The results show that patients encounter distress and fear due to treatment immobilization and unfamiliarity with procedures respectively. Information provision is a common need raised by patients and caregivers. Patients and caregivers report relationship problems due to affected sexual functions. To facilitate future studies, solutions to each identified psychosocial need are proposed in the discussion based on the 17 selected papers and other supporting literature. This review proposes art therapy to alleviate psychological distress, and pre-treatment information sessions to reinforce information delivery. Creative interventions such as a sexual rehabilitation program are recommended. Future studies are warranted to examine the interventions and thus improve the patients' and caregivers' well-being.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2023.1246844
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Scatter Radiation Distribution to Radiographers, Nearby Patients and Caretakers during Portable and Pediatric Radiography Examinations.

Tam, Shing-Yau / Fung, Yuen-Ying / Lau, Sum-Yi / Lam, Wang-Ngai / Wong, Edward Ting-Hei

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 7

Abstract: Scatter radiation from portable and pediatric X-rays could pose a risk to radiographers, nearby patients, and caretakers. We aim to evaluate the spatial scatter radiation distribution to the radiographers, nearby patients, and caretakers during common ... ...

Abstract	Scatter radiation from portable and pediatric X-rays could pose a risk to radiographers, nearby patients, and caretakers. We aim to evaluate the spatial scatter radiation distribution to the radiographers, nearby patients, and caretakers during common projections in portable and pediatric X-rays. We evaluated the three-dimensional scatter dose profiles of four and three commonly used portable and pediatric X-ray projections, respectively, by anthropomorphic phantoms and scatter probes. For portable X-ray, the AP abdomen had the highest scatter radiation dose recorded. Radiographer scatter radiation doses were 177 ± 8 nGy (longest cord extension) and 14 ± 0 nGy (hiding behind the portable X-ray machine). Nearby patient scatter radiation doses were 3323 ± 28 nGy (40 cm bed distance), 1785 ± 50 nGy (80 cm bed distance), and 580 ± 42 nGy (160 cm bed distance). The AP chest and abdomen had the highest scatter radiation dose in pediatric X-rays. Caretaker scatter radiation doses were 33 ± 1 nGy (50 cm height) and 659 ± 7 nGy (140 cm height). Although the estimated lens doses were all within safe levels, the use of shielding and caution on dose estimation by inverse square law is suggested to achieve the ALARA principle and dose optimization.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering10070779
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Article: JNK in Tumor Microenvironment: Present Findings and Challenges in Clinical Translation.

Tam, Shing Yau / Law, Helen Ka-Wai

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract: The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). JNK is mainly activated under stressful conditions or by inflammatory cytokines and has multiple downstream targets for mediating cell proliferation, ... ...

Abstract	The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). JNK is mainly activated under stressful conditions or by inflammatory cytokines and has multiple downstream targets for mediating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and immune responses. JNK has been demonstrated to have both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in different cancers depending on the focused pathway in each study. JNK also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). JNK is involved in different tumorigenesis pathways. TME closely relates with tumor development and consists of various stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions along with different cell populations, in which the JNK pathway may have various mediating roles. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge of JNK-mediated processes in TME, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of various cell populations within TME. This review also suggests future research directions for translating JNK modulation in pre-clinical findings to clinical benefits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13092196
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Article ; Online: Advances in High Throughput Proteomics Profiling in Establishing Potential Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Islam Khan, Md Zahirul / Tam, Shing Yau / Law, Helen Ka Wai

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. This is primarily attributed to the deficiency of effective and reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. The existing biomarkers for GICs diagnosis exhibited inadequate specificity and sensitivity. To improve the early diagnosis of GICs, biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity are warranted. Proteomics study and its functional analysis focus on elucidating physiological and biological functions of unknown or annotated proteins and deciphering cellular mechanisms at molecular levels. In addition, quantitative analysis of translational proteomics is a promising approach in enhancing the early identification and proper management of GICs. In this review, we focus on the advances in mass spectrometry along with the quantitative and functional analysis of proteomics data that contributes to the establishment of biomarkers for GICs including, colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer. We also discuss the future challenges in the validation of proteomics-based biomarkers for their translation into clinics.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Proteomics/methods
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11060973
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Article ; Online: Proteomic Profiling of Chemotherapy Responses in FOLFOX-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Tam, Shing-Yau / Islam Khan, Md Zahirul / Chen, Ju-Yu / Yip, Jerica Hiu-Yui / Yan, Hong-Yiu / Tam, Tsz-Yan / Law, Helen Ka-Wai

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 12

Abstract: Chemoresistance mechanisms of colorectal cancer remain largely elusive. We aim to compare the difference of chemotherapy responses between FOLFOX-resistant and wild-type colorectal cancer cells by proteomic profiling to suggest novel treatment targets. ... ...

Abstract	Chemoresistance mechanisms of colorectal cancer remain largely elusive. We aim to compare the difference of chemotherapy responses between FOLFOX-resistant and wild-type colorectal cancer cells by proteomic profiling to suggest novel treatment targets. FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells DLD1-R and HCT116-R were developed by chronic exposure to progressive FOLFOX doses. Proteomic profiling of FOLFOX-resistant and wild-type cells under FOLFOX exposure were conducted by mass-spectrometry-based protein-analysis technology. Verification of selected KEGG pathways was conducted by Western blot. DLD1-R had significantly higher FOLFOX-chemoresistance (10.81 times) than its wild-type counterpart. A total of 309 and 90 differentially expressed proteins were identified in DLD1-R and HCT116-R, respectively. In terms of gene ontology molecular function, RNA binding and cadherin binding ranked first for DLD1 and HCT116 groups, respectively. For gene set enrichment analysis, ribosome pathway and DNA replication were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated in DLD1-R, respectively. The most significantly up-regulated pathway in HCT116-R was regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Up-regulations in the ribosome pathway (DLD1-R) and actin cytoskeleton (HCT116-R) were verified by Western blot. There were several significantly altered signaling pathways in FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells under FOLFOX with notable up-regulations in the ribosomal process and actin cytoskeleton.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24129899
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A reality check on the use of face masks during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong.

Tam, Victor Cw / Tam, Shing Yau / Poon, Wai Kwong / Law, Helen Ka Wai / Lee, Shara Wy

EClinicalMedicine

2020 Volume 22, Page(s) 100356

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-5370
ISSN (online)	2589-5370
DOI	10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100356
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Article ; Online: Radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis in nasopharyngeal cancer patients after radical external beam radiotherapy

Vincent W. C. Wu / Shing-yau Tam

Radiation Oncology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) is one of the late post-radiotherapy complications in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. Since NPC is common to have skull base infiltration, irradiation of the temporal lobes is inevitable ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) is one of the late post-radiotherapy complications in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. Since NPC is common to have skull base infiltration, irradiation of the temporal lobes is inevitable despite the use of the more advanced intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Moreover, the diagnosis and treatment of TLN remain challenging. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis of TLN with conventional and advanced imaging modalities, onset and predictive parameters of TLN development, the impact of IMRT on TLN in terms of incidence and dosimetric analyzes, and the recent advancements in the treatment of TLN.
Keywords	Temporal lobe necrosis ; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; Radiotherapy ; Radiation induced complication ; Diagnosis and treatment ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis in nasopharyngeal cancer patients after radical external beam radiotherapy.

Wu, Vincent W C / Tam, Shing-Yau

Radiation oncology (London, England)

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 112

Abstract: Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) is one of the late post-radiotherapy complications in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. Since NPC is common to have skull base infiltration, irradiation of the temporal lobes is inevitable despite the ... ...

Abstract	Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) is one of the late post-radiotherapy complications in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. Since NPC is common to have skull base infiltration, irradiation of the temporal lobes is inevitable despite the use of the more advanced intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Moreover, the diagnosis and treatment of TLN remain challenging. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis of TLN with conventional and advanced imaging modalities, onset and predictive parameters of TLN development, the impact of IMRT on TLN in terms of incidence and dosimetric analyzes, and the recent advancements in the treatment of TLN.
MeSH term(s)	Cranial Irradiation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Necrosis/diagnosis ; Necrosis/etiology ; Necrosis/pathology ; Radiation Injuries/diagnosis ; Radiation Injuries/pathology ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects ; Temporal Lobe/pathology ; Temporal Lobe/radiation effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1748-717X
ISSN (online)	1748-717X
DOI	10.1186/s13014-020-01560-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Advances in High Throughput Proteomics Profiling in Establishing Potential Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer

Md Zahirul Islam Khan / Shing Yau Tam / Helen Ka Wai Law

Cells, Vol 11, Iss 973, p

2022 Volume 973

Abstract	Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. This is primarily attributed to the deficiency of effective and reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. The existing biomarkers for GICs diagnosis exhibited inadequate specificity and sensitivity. To improve the early diagnosis of GICs, biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity are warranted. Proteomics study and its functional analysis focus on elucidating physiological and biological functions of unknown or annotated proteins and deciphering cellular mechanisms at molecular levels. In addition, quantitative analysis of translational proteomics is a promising approach in enhancing the early identification and proper management of GICs. In this review, we focus on the advances in mass spectrometry along with the quantitative and functional analysis of proteomics data that contributes to the establishment of biomarkers for GICs including, colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer. We also discuss the future challenges in the validation of proteomics-based biomarkers for their translation into clinics.
Keywords	biomarkers ; gastrointestinal cancer ; mass spectrometry ; proteomics ; multi-omics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	310 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of assistance preferences of older adults with different functional dependence levels on domestic tasks performed by robots.

Lee, Linda Yin-King / Yeung, Chun-Kit / Choi, Chun-Wa / Leung, Man-Nga / Lui, Shing-Yan / Tam, Wing-Yi / Tang, Ka-Yi / Wong, Chun-San / Wong, Yuen-Shan / Yau, Cheuk-Yi / Yeung, Tik-Ling / Lee, Joseph Kok-Long / Chui, Debby Lee-Kuen

BMC geriatrics

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 58

Abstract: Background: Robots have the potential to assist older adults in their home-based daily living tasks. Previous studies indicated that older adults generally accept robot assistance. However, the preferences of older adults with different functional ... ...

Abstract	Background: Robots have the potential to assist older adults in their home-based daily living tasks. Previous studies indicated that older adults generally accept robot assistance. However, the preferences of older adults with different functional dependence levels are lacking. These older adults encounter varying levels of difficulty in daily living and may have distinct preferences for robot assistance. This study aimed to describe and compare the preferences for robot assistance on domestic tasks in older adults with different functional dependence levels. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a convenience sample of 385 older adults in Hong Kong. They were categorized as independent, partially dependent, and dependent using the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Their preferences for robot assistance on a list of 48 domestic tasks under six categories were assessed through the Assistance Preference Checklist. Differences in preferences between the three groups were compared using one-way ANOVA test. Results: Findings revealed the differences and similarities in preferences between participants with different dependence levels. In most domestic tasks under the personal care category, dependent and partially dependent older adults reported a significantly lower preferences for human assistance or a higher preferences for robot assistance (p < 0.001), compared with the independent ones. The effect size varied from medium to large (eta squared = 0.07 to 0.52). However, participants, regardless of functional dependence levels, preferred human to assist in some domestic tasks under the health and leisure activities category and preferred robot to assist in most of the domestic tasks under the chores, information management, and manipulating objects category. Conclusions: Older adults with different levels of functional dependence exhibit different preferences for robotic assistance. To effectively use robots and assist older adults as they age, the specific preferences of older adults must be considered before designing and introducing robots in domestic care.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Activities of Daily Living ; Functional Status ; Robotics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Self Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-023-04567-w
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