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  1. Article ; Online: Novel viruses discovered in the transcriptomes of agnathan fish.

    Mercer, Lewis K / Harding, Emma F / Yan, Grace J H / White, Peter A

    Journal of fish diseases

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 931–938

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fish Diseases ; Fishes ; Genome, Viral ; Phylogeny ; Transcriptome ; Viruses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 432109-1
    ISSN 1365-2761 ; 0140-7775
    ISSN (online) 1365-2761
    ISSN 0140-7775
    DOI 10.1111/jfd.13602
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  2. Article ; Online: Multimorbidity and its socio-economic associations in community-dwelling older adults in rural Tanzania; a cross-sectional study.

    Lewis, Emma Grace / Gray, William K / Walker, Richard / Urasa, Sarah / Witham, Miles / Dotchin, Catherine

    BMC public health

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1918

    Abstract: Objectives: This paper aims to describe the prevalence and socio-economic associations with multimorbidity, by both self-report and clinical assessment/screening methods in community-dwelling older people living in rural Tanzania.: Methods: A ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This paper aims to describe the prevalence and socio-economic associations with multimorbidity, by both self-report and clinical assessment/screening methods in community-dwelling older people living in rural Tanzania.
    Methods: A randomised frailty-weighted sample of non-institutionalised adults aged ≥ 60 years underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment and in-depth assessment. The comprehensive geriatric assessment consisted of a history and focused clinical examination. The in-depth assessment included standardised questionnaires, screening tools and blood pressure measurement. The prevalence of multimorbidity was calculated for self-report and non-self-reported methods (clinician diagnosis, screening tools and direct measurement). Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more conditions. The socio-demographic associations with multimorbidity were investigated by multiple logistic regression.
    Results: A sample of 235 adults participated in the study, selected from a screened sample of 1207. The median age was 74 years (range 60 to 110 inter-quartile range (IQR) 19) and 136 (57.8%) were women. Adjusting for frailty-weighting, the prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity was 26.1% (95% CI 16.7-35.4), and by clinical assessment/screening was 67.3% (95% CI 57.0-77.5). Adjusting for age, sex, education and frailty status, multimorbidity by self-report increased the odds of being financially dependent on others threefold (OR 3.3 [95% CI 1.4-7.8]), and of a household member reducing their paid employment nearly fourfold (OR 3.8. [95% CI 1.5-9.2]).
    Conclusions: Multimorbidity is prevalent in this rural lower-income African setting and is associated with evidence of household financial strain. Multimorbidity prevalence is higher when not reliant on self-reported methods, revealing that many conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimorbidity ; Prevalence ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tanzania/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-022-14340-0
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  3. Article ; Online: Revealing the uncharacterised diversity of amphibian and reptile viruses.

    Harding, Emma F / Russo, Alice G / Yan, Grace J H / Mercer, Lewis K / White, Peter A

    ISME communications

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 95

    Abstract: Amphibians and non-avian reptiles represent a significant proportion of terrestrial vertebrates, however knowledge of their viruses is not proportional to their abundance. Many amphibians and reptiles have strict habitual environments and localised ... ...

    Abstract Amphibians and non-avian reptiles represent a significant proportion of terrestrial vertebrates, however knowledge of their viruses is not proportional to their abundance. Many amphibians and reptiles have strict habitual environments and localised populations and are vulnerable to viral outbreaks and potential elimination as a result. We sought to identify viruses that were hidden in amphibian and reptile metatranscriptomic data by screening 235 RNA-sequencing datasets from a 122 species covering 25 countries. We identified 26 novel viruses and eight previously characterised viruses from fifteen different viral families. Twenty-five viruses had RNA genomes with identity to Arteriviridae, Tobaniviridae, Hantaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Astroviridae, Arenaviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae and Caliciviridae. In addition to RNA viruses, we also screened datasets for DNA viral transcripts, which are commonly excluded from transcriptomic analysis. We identified ten DNA viruses with identity to Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae and Adomaviridae. With the addition of these viruses, we expand the global amphibian and reptile virome and identify new potentially pathogenic viruses that could challenge populations. We speculate that amphibian viruses often have simpler genomes than those in amniotes, as in the case of the Secondpapillomavirinae and Orthomyxoviridae viruses identified in this study. In addition, we find evidence of inter-family recombination in RNA viruses, and we also identify new members of the recombinant Adomaviridae family. Overall, we provide insights into the uncharacterised diversity of amphibian and reptile viruses with the aim of improving population management, treatment and conservation into the future.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2730-6151
    ISSN (online) 2730-6151
    DOI 10.1038/s43705-022-00180-x
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  4. Article ; Online: Albino

    Adebogun, Grace T / Bachmann, Annabelle E / Callan, Ashlyn A / Khan, Ummara / Lewis, Amaris R / Pollock, Alexa C / Alfonso, Sebastian A / Arango Sumano, Daniel / Bhatt, Dhruv A / Cullen, Aidan B / Hajian, Cyrus M / Huang, Winnie / Jaeger, Emma L / Li, Emily / Maske, A Kaile / Offenberg, Emma G / Ta, Vy / Whiting, Waymon W / McKinney, Jordan E /
    Butler, Julie / O'Connell, Lauren A

    microPublication biology

    2023  Volume 2023

    Abstract: Tadpoles display preferences for different environments but the sensory modalities that govern these choices are not well understood. Here, we examined light preferences and associated sensory mechanisms of albino and wild- ... ...

    Abstract Tadpoles display preferences for different environments but the sensory modalities that govern these choices are not well understood. Here, we examined light preferences and associated sensory mechanisms of albino and wild-type
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2578-9430
    ISSN (online) 2578-9430
    DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000750
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  5. Article ; Online: Argentine ant extract induces an

    Alfonso, Sebastian A / Arango Sumano, Daniel / Bhatt, Dhruv A / Cullen, Aidan B / Hajian, Cyrus M / Huang, Winnie / Jaeger, Emma L / Li, Emily / Maske, A Kaile / Offenberg, Emma G / Ta, Vy / Whiting, Waymon W / Adebogun, Grace T / Bachmann, Annabelle E / Callan, Ashlyn A / Khan, Ummara / Lewis, Amaris R / Pollock, Alexa C / Ramirez, Dave /
    Bradon, Nicole / Fiocca, Katherine / Cote, Lauren E / Sallee, Maria D / McKinney, Jordan / O'Connell, Lauren A

    microPublication biology

    2023  Volume 2023

    Abstract: Many ant species are equipped with chemical defenses, although how these compounds impact nervous system function is unclear. Here, we examined the utility ... ...

    Abstract Many ant species are equipped with chemical defenses, although how these compounds impact nervous system function is unclear. Here, we examined the utility of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2578-9430
    ISSN (online) 2578-9430
    DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000745
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  6. Article ; Online: CD4

    Bawden, Emma G / Wagner, Teagan / Schröder, Jan / Effern, Maike / Hinze, Daniel / Newland, Lewis / Attrill, Grace H / Lee, Ariane R / Engel, Sven / Freestone, David / de Lima Moreira, Marcela / Gressier, Elise / McBain, Nathan / Bachem, Annabell / Haque, Ashraful / Dong, Ruining / Ferguson, Angela L / Edwards, Jarem J / Ferguson, Peter M /
    Scolyer, Richard A / Wilmott, James S / Jewell, Christopher M / Brooks, Andrew G / Gyorki, David E / Palendira, Umaimainthan / Bedoui, Sammy / Waithman, Jason / Hochheiser, Katharina / Hölzel, Michael / Gebhardt, Thomas

    Science immunology

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 91, Page(s) eadi9517

    Abstract: ... Whereas ... ...

    Abstract Whereas CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Melanoma ; Skin Neoplasms ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; HLA Antigens
    Chemical Substances Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; HLA Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-9468
    ISSN (online) 2470-9468
    DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9517
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  7. Article ; Online: Rationing care by frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Lewis, Emma Grace / Breckons, Matthew / Lee, Richard P / Dotchin, Catherine / Walker, Richard

    Age and ageing

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–10

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disproportionately affecting older people and those with underlying comorbidities. Guidelines are needed to help clinicians make decisions regarding appropriate use of limited NHS critical care ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disproportionately affecting older people and those with underlying comorbidities. Guidelines are needed to help clinicians make decisions regarding appropriate use of limited NHS critical care resources. In response to the pandemic, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence published guidance that employs the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in a decision-making flowchart to assist clinicians in assessing older individuals' suitability for critical care. This commentary raises some important limitations to this use of the CFS and cautions against the potential for unintended impacts. The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed the widespread implementation of the CFS with limited training or expert oversight. The CFS is primarily being used to assess older individuals' risk of adverse outcome in critical care, and to ration access to care on this basis. While some form of resource allocation strategy is necessary for emergencies, the implementation of this guideline in the absence of significant pressure on resources may reduce the likelihood of older people with frailty, who wish to be considered for critical care, being appropriately considered, and has the potential to reinforce the socio-economic gradient in health. Our incomplete understanding of this novel disease means that there is a need for research investigating the short-term predictive abilities of the CFS on critical care outcomes in COVID-19. Additionally, a review of the impact of stratifying older people by CFS score as a rationing strategy is necessary in order to assess its acceptability to older people as well as its potential for disparate impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Clinical Decision-Making/ethics ; Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Critical Care/methods ; Critical Care/organization & administration ; Eligibility Determination/ethics ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Health Care Rationing/trends ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Patient Selection/ethics ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Assessment/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186788-x
    ISSN 1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
    ISSN (online) 1468-2834
    ISSN 0002-0729
    DOI 10.1093/ageing/afaa171
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    Zs.A 877: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Social Vulnerability, Frailty, and Their Association With Mortality in Older Adults Living in Rural Tanzania.

    Cooper, Fiona / Lewis, Emma Grace / Urasa, Sarah / Whitton, Louise / Collin, Harry / Coles, Selina / Wood, Greta Karen / Ali, Ali Mohamed / Mdegella, Deborah / Mkodo, Joyce / Zerd, Francis / Dotchin, Catherine / Gray, William K / Walker, Richard W

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 10, Page(s) 2050–2058

    Abstract: Background: Social vulnerability correlates with frailty and is associated with mortality and disability. However, few studies have investigated this relationship outside of high-income country settings. This study aimed to produce and analyze a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Social vulnerability correlates with frailty and is associated with mortality and disability. However, few studies have investigated this relationship outside of high-income country settings. This study aimed to produce and analyze a culturally adapted social vulnerability index (SVI) to investigate the relationship between social vulnerability, frailty, and mortality in older adults in Tanzania.
    Methods: An SVI was produced using data from a cohort study investigating frailty in older adults in Tanzania. Variables were selected based on previous SVI studies using the categories established by Andrew et al. from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, and National Population Health Survey. The SVI distribution was examined and compared with a frailty index (FI) produced from the same sample, using mutually exclusive variables. Cox regression survival analysis was used to investigate the association between social vulnerability, frailty, and mortality.
    Results: A stratified cohort of 235 individuals were included in the study at baseline, with a mean age of 75.2 (SD 11.5). Twenty-six participants died within the follow-up period, with a mean of 503 days (range: 405-568) following the initial assessment. The SVI had a median score of 0.47 (interquartile range: 0.23, range: 0.14-0.86). Social vulnerability significantly predicted mortality when adjusting for age and gender, but not when also adjusting for frailty.
    Conclusions: Social vulnerability can be successfully operationalized and culturally adapted in Tanzania. Social vulnerability is associated with mortality in Tanzania, but not independently of frailty.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Canada ; Cohort Studies ; Frail Elderly ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Social Vulnerability ; Tanzania/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glac066
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  9. Article: How Do Music Activities Affect Health and Well-Being? A Scoping Review of Studies Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms.

    Dingle, Genevieve A / Sharman, Leah S / Bauer, Zoe / Beckman, Emma / Broughton, Mary / Bunzli, Emma / Davidson, Robert / Draper, Grace / Fairley, Sheranne / Farrell, Callyn / Flynn, Libby Maree / Gomersall, Sjaan / Hong, Mengxun / Larwood, Joel / Lee, Chiying / Lee, Jennifer / Nitschinsk, Lewis / Peluso, Natalie / Reedman, Sarah Elizabeth /
    Vidas, Dianna / Walter, Zoe C / Wright, Olivia Renee Louise

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 713818

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713818
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  10. Article ; Online: Patient and public involvement within epidemiological studies of long COVID in the UK.

    Routen, Ash / O'Mahoney, Lauren / Aiyegbusi, Olalekan Lee / Alder, Yvonne / Banerjee, Amitava / Buckland, Lewis / Brightling, Chris / Calvert, Melanie / Camaradou, Jenny / Chaturvedi, Nishi / Chong, Amy / Dalrymple, Emma / Eggo, Rosalind M / Elliott, Paul / Evans, Rachael A / Gibson, Andy / Haroon, Shamil / Herrett, Emily / Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy /
    Hughes, Sarah E / Jeyes, Flic / Matthews, Karen / McMullan, Christel / Morley, Jessica / Shafran, Roz / Smith, Nikki / Stanton, David / Stephenson, Terence / Sterne, Jonathan / Turner, Grace M / Ward, Helen / Khunti, Kamlesh

    Nature medicine

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 771–773

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Epidemiologic Studies ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1220066-9
    ISSN 1546-170X ; 1078-8956
    ISSN (online) 1546-170X
    ISSN 1078-8956
    DOI 10.1038/s41591-023-02251-5
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