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  1. Article ; Online: The Efficiency of U.S. Public Space Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Benzell, Seth G / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 692–706

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has called for and generated massive novel government regulations to increase social distancing for the purpose of reducing disease transmission. A number of studies have attempted to guide and measure the effectiveness of these ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has called for and generated massive novel government regulations to increase social distancing for the purpose of reducing disease transmission. A number of studies have attempted to guide and measure the effectiveness of these policies, but there has been less focus on the overall efficiency of these policies. Efficient social distancing requires implementing stricter restrictions during periods of high viral prevalence and rationing social contact to disproportionately preserve gatherings that produce a good ratio of benefits to transmission risk. To evaluate whether U.S. social distancing policy actually produced an efficient social distancing regime, we tracked consumer preferences for, visits to, and crowding in public locations of 26 different types. We show that the United States' rationing of public spaces, postspring 2020, has failed to achieve efficiency along either dimension. In April 2020, the United States did achieve notable decreases in visits to public spaces and focused these reductions at locations that offer poor benefit-to-risk tradeoffs. However, this achievement was marred by an increase, from March to April, in crowding at remaining locations due to fewer locations remaining open. In December 2020, at the height of the pandemic so far, crowding in and total visits to locations were higher than in February, before the U.S. pandemic, and these increases were concentrated in locations with the worst value-to-risk tradeoff.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; Risk Assessment ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 778660-8
    ISSN 1539-6924 ; 0272-4332
    ISSN (online) 1539-6924
    ISSN 0272-4332
    DOI 10.1111/risa.13800
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Rationing social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transmission risk and social benefits of US locations.

    Benzell, Seth G / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2020  Volume 117, Issue 26, Page(s) 14642–14644

    Abstract: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data ... ...

    Abstract To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that, from February to March 2020, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures indicate should be closed first.
    MeSH term(s) Behavior ; COVID-19 ; Confined Spaces ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Contact Tracing/statistics & numerical data ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Models, Statistical ; Museums ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Primary Prevention/economics ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Primary Prevention/statistics & numerical data ; Quarantine/economics ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Assessment ; Schools ; Smartphone/statistics & numerical data ; Sports and Recreational Facilities ; United States
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2008025117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Ranking How National Economies Adapt to Remote Work

    Bana, Sarah H. / Benzell, Seth G. / Solares, Rodrigo Razo

    MIT Sloan Management Review

    Abstract: The lockdowns due to COVID-19 have underscored the degree to which some people are better able to work from home than others because of their occupations, home situations, or other factors And what is true of individuals is also true of regions and ... ...

    Abstract The lockdowns due to COVID-19 have underscored the degree to which some people are better able to work from home than others because of their occupations, home situations, or other factors And what is true of individuals is also true of regions and nations: Some countries are in a better position than others to thrive while complying with social distancing Here, Bana et al analyze the economic impact of remote work in 30 countries
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #822468
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article: Boosting Business Value by Reducing COVID-19 Transmission Risk

    Benzell, Seth G. / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    MIT Sloan Management Review

    Abstract: Benzell et al discuss the need to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19 to boost business value ...

    Abstract Benzell et al discuss the need to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19 to boost business value Starting business meetings with a handshake, laughing with friends in a bustling restaurant, or squeezing onto a crowded commuter train: Before the coronavirus pandemic, these were the completely unremarkable events of everyday life But in the absence of an effective vaccine or test-and-trace system, these activities now carry deadly risks Naturally, individuals, businesses, and governments have taken dramatic actions to reduce the number of social interactions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and a deepening of the pandemic Reducing social contact to slow the spread of the virus has had a major impact on the US economy, but not all businesses have been equally affected Some companies provide better trade-offs Those offering more social and economic importance per social interaction that poses potential risks face less government regulation and a smaller reduction in visits from fearful customers Governments, businesses, and individuals should seek to maximize the bang for their buck from social interactions And organizations that can boost their value-risk trade-offs are even in a position to benefit from the crisis
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #863904
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: Rationing social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transmission risk and social benefits of US locations

    Benzell, Seth G / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A

    Abstract: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data ... ...

    Abstract To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that, from February to March 2020, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures indicate should be closed first.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32522870
    Database COVID19

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  6. Book ; Online: Rationing Social Contact During the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Benzell, Seth G. / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    Economics Faculty Articles and Research

    Transmission Risk and Social Benefits of US Locations

    2020  

    Abstract: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data ... ...

    Abstract To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that, from February to March 2020, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures indicate should be closed first.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; social contact ; transmission risk ; social welfare ; Behavioral Economics ; Business Analytics ; Business Law ; Public Responsibility ; and Ethics ; Economic Theory ; Health Economics ; Other Business ; Other Economics ; Public Economics ; covid19
    Publishing date 2020-06-10T07:00:00Z
    Publisher Chapman University Digital Commons
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  7. Book ; Online: Rationing Social Contact During the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Benzell, Seth G. / Collis, Avinash / Nicolaides, Christos

    Transmission Risk and Social Benefits of US Locations

    2020  

    Abstract: To prevent the spread of COVID-19, some types of stores and gathering places have been shut down while others remain open. The decision to shut down one type of location and leave another open constitutes a judgement about the relative danger and ... ...

    Abstract To prevent the spread of COVID-19, some types of stores and gathering places have been shut down while others remain open. The decision to shut down one type of location and leave another open constitutes a judgement about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using location data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and government statistics, we measure the relative transmission risk benefit and social cost of closing about thirty different location categories in the US. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and public spaces. Our main analysis ranks twenty-six categories by those which should face stricter regulation via dominance across eight dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that from February to March, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures imply should be closed first. We hope this analysis will help policymakers decide how to reopen their economies.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher Center for Open Science
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    DOI 10.31219/osf.io/d64vm
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Can Russia survive economic sanctions?

    Benzell, Seth G / LaGarda, Guillermo

    Asian economic papers Vol. 16, No. 3 , p. 78-127

    2017  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 78–127

    Author's details Seth G. Benzell, Guillermo Lagarda
    Language English
    Publisher MIT Press
    Publishing place Cambridge, Mass.
    Document type Article
    Note Kommentare vorhanden
    ZDB-ID 2087167-3
    ISSN 1535-3516
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Book: Simulating business cash flow taxation

    Benzell, Seth G / Kotlikoff, Laurence J / LaGarda, Guillermo

    an illustration based on the "better way" corporate tax reform

    (Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 23675)

    2017  

    Author's details Seth G. Benzell, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Guillermo LaGarda
    Series title Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research ; 23675
    Keywords Cash Flow ; Besteuerungsprinzip ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; Steuerreform ; USA
    Language English
    Size 59 Seiten
    Publisher National Bureau of Economic Research
    Publishing place Cambridge, MA
    Document type Book
    Note Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Article ; Online: Interdependence and the cost of uncoordinated responses to COVID-19.

    Holtz, David / Zhao, Michael / Benzell, Seth G / Cao, Cathy Y / Rahimian, Mohammad Amin / Yang, Jeremy / Allen, Jennifer / Collis, Avinash / Moehring, Alex / Sowrirajan, Tara / Ghosh, Dipayan / Zhang, Yunhao / Dhillon, Paramveer S / Nicolaides, Christos / Eckles, Dean / Aral, Sinan

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2020  Volume 117, Issue 33, Page(s) 19837–19843

    Abstract: Social distancing is the core policy response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But, as federal, state and local governments begin opening businesses and relaxing shelter-in-place orders worldwide, we lack quantitative evidence on how policies in ... ...

    Abstract Social distancing is the core policy response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But, as federal, state and local governments begin opening businesses and relaxing shelter-in-place orders worldwide, we lack quantitative evidence on how policies in one region affect mobility and social distancing in other regions and the consequences of uncoordinated regional policies adopted in the presence of such spillovers. To investigate this concern, we combined daily, county-level data on shelter-in-place policies with movement data from over 27 million mobile devices, social network connections among over 220 million Facebook users, daily temperature and precipitation data from 62,000 weather stations, and county-level census data on population demographics to estimate the geographic and social network spillovers created by regional policies across the United States. Our analysis shows that the contact patterns of people in a given region are significantly influenced by the policies and behaviors of people in other, sometimes distant, regions. When just one-third of a state's social and geographic peer states adopt shelter-in-place policies, it creates a reduction in mobility equal to the state's own policy decisions. These spillovers are mediated by peer travel and distancing behaviors in those states. A simple analytical model calibrated with our empirical estimates demonstrated that the "loss from anarchy" in uncoordinated state policies is increasing in the number of noncooperating states and the size of social and geographic spillovers. These results suggest a substantial cost of uncoordinated government responses to COVID-19 when people, ideas, and media move across borders.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Demography/statistics & numerical data ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Quarantine/economics ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/organization & administration ; Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Transportation/statistics & numerical data ; United States
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2009522117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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