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  1. Article ; Online: Gold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy guidance with multi-wavelength photomagnetic imaging.

    Nouizi, Farouk / Algarawi, Maha / Erkol, Hakan / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy

    2023  Volume 45, Page(s) 103956

    Abstract: Difficulty in heating tumors with high spatial selectivity while protecting surrounding healthy tissues from thermal harm is a challenge for cancer photothermal treatment (PTT). To mitigate this problem, PTT mediated by photothermal agents (PTAs) has ... ...

    Abstract Difficulty in heating tumors with high spatial selectivity while protecting surrounding healthy tissues from thermal harm is a challenge for cancer photothermal treatment (PTT). To mitigate this problem, PTT mediated by photothermal agents (PTAs) has been established as a potential therapeutic technique to boost selectivity and reduce damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Various gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been effectively utilized as PTAs, mainly using strategies to target cancerous tissue and increase selective thermal damage. Meanwhile, imaging can be used in tandem to monitor the AuNP distribution and guide the PTT. Mainly, the parameters impacting the induced temperature can be determined using simulation tools before treatment for effective PTT. However, accurate simulations can only be performed if the amount of AuNPs accumulated in the tumor is known. This study introduces Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI), which can appropriately recover the AuNP concentration to guide the PTT. Using multi-wavelength measurements, PMI can provide AuNP concentration based on their distinct absorption spectra. Tissue-simulating phantom studies are conducted to demonstrate the potential of PMI in recovering AuNP concentration for PTT planning. The recovered AuNP concentration is used to model the temperature increase accurately in a small inclusion representing tumor using a multiphysics solver that takes into account the light propagation and heat diffusion in turbid media.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gold/pharmacology ; Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Photothermal Therapy ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Gold (7440-57-5) ; Photosensitizing Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2149918-4
    ISSN 1873-1597 ; 1572-1000
    ISSN (online) 1873-1597
    ISSN 1572-1000
    DOI 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103956
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Monitoring Distribution of the Therapeutic Agent Dimethyl Sulfoxide via Solvatochromic Shift of Albumin-Bound Indocyanine Green.

    Cho, Jaedu / Nouizi, Farouk / Kim, Chang-Seok / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 18

    Abstract: We recently developed a novel hyperspectral excitation-resolved near-infrared fluorescence imaging system (HER-NIRF) based on a continuous-wave wavelength-swept laser. In this study, this technique is applied to measure the distribution of the ... ...

    Abstract We recently developed a novel hyperspectral excitation-resolved near-infrared fluorescence imaging system (HER-NIRF) based on a continuous-wave wavelength-swept laser. In this study, this technique is applied to measure the distribution of the therapeutic agent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by utilizing solvatochromic shift in the spectral profile of albumin-bound Indocyanine green (ICG). Using wide-field imaging in turbid media, complex dynamics of albumin-bound ICG are measured in mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water. Phantom experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the HER-NIRF system. The results show that the distribution of DMSO can be visualized in the wide-field reflection geometry. One of the main purposes of the DMSO is to act as a carrier for other drugs, enhancing their effects by facilitating skin penetration. Understanding the solubility and permeability of drugs in vivo is very important in drug discovery and development. Hence, this HER-NIRF technique has great potential to advance the utilization of the therapeutic agent DMSO by mapping its distribution via the solvatochromic shift of ICG. By customizing the operational wavelength range, this system can be applied to any other fluorophores in the near-infrared region and utilized for a wide variety of drug delivery studies.
    MeSH term(s) Indocyanine Green ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Skin
    Chemical Substances Indocyanine Green (IX6J1063HV) ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide (YOW8V9698H) ; Fluorescent Dyes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s23187728
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Self-Guided Algorithm for Fast Image Reconstruction in Photo-Magnetic Imaging: Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Approach.

    Algarawi, Maha / Saraswatula, Janaki S / Pathare, Rajas R / Zhang, Yang / Shah, Gyanesh A / Eresen, Aydin / Gulsen, Gultekin / Nouizi, Farouk

    Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: Previously, we introduced photomagnetic imaging (PMI) that synergistically utilizes laser light to slightly elevate the tissue temperature and magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) to measure the induced temperature. The MRT temperature maps are then ... ...

    Abstract Previously, we introduced photomagnetic imaging (PMI) that synergistically utilizes laser light to slightly elevate the tissue temperature and magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) to measure the induced temperature. The MRT temperature maps are then converted into absorption maps using a dedicated PMI image reconstruction algorithm. In the MRT maps, the presence of abnormalities such as tumors would create a notable high contrast due to their higher hemoglobin levels. In this study, we present a new artificial intelligence-based image reconstruction algorithm that improves the accuracy and spatial resolution of the recovered absorption maps while reducing the recovery time. Technically, a supervised machine learning approach was used to detect and delineate the boundary of tumors directly from the MRT maps based on their temperature contrast to the background. This information was further utilized as a soft functional a priori in the standard PMI algorithm to enhance the absorption recovery. Our new method was evaluated on a tissue-like phantom with two inclusions representing tumors. The reconstructed absorption map showed that the well-trained neural network not only increased the PMI spatial resolution but also improved the accuracy of the recovered absorption to as low as a 2% percentage error, reduced the artifacts by 15%, and accelerated the image reconstruction process approximately 9-fold.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2746191-9
    ISSN 2306-5354
    ISSN 2306-5354
    DOI 10.3390/bioengineering11020126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Multiwavelength photo-magnetic imaging algorithm improved for direct chromophore concentration recovery using spectral constraints.

    Nouizi, Farouk / Algarawi, Maha / Erkol, Hakan / Luk, Alex / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Applied optics

    2022  Volume 60, Issue 35, Page(s) 10855–10861

    Abstract: Multiwavelength photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is a novel combination of diffuse optics and magnetic resonance imaging, to the best of our knowledge, that yields tissue chromophore concentration maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. Here, we ...

    Abstract Multiwavelength photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is a novel combination of diffuse optics and magnetic resonance imaging, to the best of our knowledge, that yields tissue chromophore concentration maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. Here, we present the first experimental results, to the best of our knowledge, obtained using a spectrally constrained PMI image reconstruction method, where chromophore concentration maps are directly recovered, unlike the conventional two-step approach that requires an intermediate step of reconstructing wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient maps. The imposition of the prior spectral information into the PMI inverse problem improves the reconstructed image quality and allows recovery of highly quantitative concentration maps, which are crucial for effective cancer detection and characterization. The obtained results demonstrate the higher performance of the direct reconstruction method. Indeed, the reconstructed concentration maps are not only of higher quality but also obtained approximately 2 times faster than the conventional method.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Phantoms, Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.439250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Fast ICCD-based temperature modulated fluorescence tomography.

    Nouizi, Farouk / Kwong, Tiffany C / Turong, Bryan / Nikkhah, Deniz / Sampathkumaran, Uma / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Applied optics

    2023  Volume 62, Issue 28, Page(s) 7420–7430

    Abstract: Fluorescence tomography (FT) has become a powerful preclinical imaging modality with a great potential for several clinical applications. Although it has superior sensitivity and utilizes low-cost instrumentation, the highly scattering nature of bio- ... ...

    Abstract Fluorescence tomography (FT) has become a powerful preclinical imaging modality with a great potential for several clinical applications. Although it has superior sensitivity and utilizes low-cost instrumentation, the highly scattering nature of bio-tissue makes FT in thick samples challenging, resulting in poor resolution and low quantitative accuracy. To overcome the limitations of FT, we previously introduced a novel method, termed temperature modulated fluorescence tomography (TMFT), which is based on two key elements: (1) temperature-sensitive fluorescent agents (ThermoDots) and (2) high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The fluorescence emission of ThermoDots increases up to hundredfold with only several degree temperature elevation. The exceptional and reversible response of these ThermoDots enables their modulation, which effectively allows their localization using the HIFU. Their localization is then used as functional a priori during the FT image reconstruction process to resolve their distribution with higher spatial resolution. The last version of the TMFT system was based on a cooled CCD camera utilizing a step-and-shoot mode, which necessitated long total imaging time only for a small selected region of interest (ROI). In this paper, we present the latest version of our TMFT technology, which uses a much faster continuous HIFU scanning mode based on an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera. This new, to the best of our knowledge, version can capture the whole field-of-view (FOV) of 50×30
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.499281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Development of a theranostic preclinical fluorescence molecular tomography/cone beam CT-guided irradiator platform.

    Nouizi, Farouk / Brooks, Jamison / Zuro, Darren M / Hui, Susanta K / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Biomedical optics express

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 6100–6112

    Abstract: Image-guided small animal radiation research platforms allow more precise radiation treatment. Commercially available small animal X-ray irradiators are often equipped with a CT/cone-beam CT (CBCT) component for target guidance. Besides having poor soft- ... ...

    Abstract Image-guided small animal radiation research platforms allow more precise radiation treatment. Commercially available small animal X-ray irradiators are often equipped with a CT/cone-beam CT (CBCT) component for target guidance. Besides having poor soft-tissue contrast, CBCT unfortunately cannot provide molecular information due to its low sensitivity. Hence, there are extensive efforts to incorporate a molecular imaging component besides CBCT on these radiation therapy platforms. As an extension of these efforts, here we present a theranostic fluorescence tomography/CBCT-guided irradiator platform that provides both anatomical and molecular guidance, which can overcome the limitations of stand-alone CBCT. The performance of our hybrid system is validated using both tissue-like phantoms and mice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.469559
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  7. Article: Development of a preclinical CCD-based temperature modulated fluorescence tomography platform.

    Nouizi, Farouk / Erkol, Hakan / Nikkhah, Deniz / Kwong, Tiffany C / Gulsen, Gultekin

    Biomedical optics express

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 5740–5752

    Abstract: In preclinical research, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is the most sensitive imaging modality to interrogate whole-body and provide 3D distribution of fluorescent contract agents. Despite its superior sensitivity, its mediocre spatial- ... ...

    Abstract In preclinical research, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is the most sensitive imaging modality to interrogate whole-body and provide 3D distribution of fluorescent contract agents. Despite its superior sensitivity, its mediocre spatial-resolution has been the main barrier to its clinical translation. This limitation is mainly due to the high scattering of optical photons in biological tissue together with the limited boundary measurements that lead to an undetermined and ill-posed inverse problem. To overcome the limitations of FMT, we previously introduced a novel method termed, Temperature Modulated Fluorescence Tomography (TMFT). TMFT utilizes thermos-sensitive fluorescent agents (ThermoDots) as a key component and localizes them with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Scanning the focused HIFU beam having a diameter Ø = 1.3 mm across the tissue while monitoring the variation in the measured fluorescence signals reveals the position of the ThermoDots with high spatial accuracy. We have formerly built a prototype TMFT system that uses optical fibers for detection. In this paper, we present an upgraded version using a CCD camera-based detection that enables non-contact imaging. In this version, the animal under investigation is placed on an ultrasound transparent membrane, which eliminates the need for its immersion in optical matching fluids that were required by the fiber-based system. This CCD-based system will pave the way for convenient and wide-spread use of TMFT in preclinical research. Its performance validation on phantom studies demonstrates that high spatial-resolution (∼1.3 mm) and quantitative accuracy in recovered fluorophore concentration (<3% error) can be achieved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.470723
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  8. Article ; Online: Racial Disparities and Other Socioeconomic Predictors of Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Treatment from the National Inpatient Sample.

    Breuer, Joseph A / Ahmed, K Hamzah / Scherr, Riley / Sing, Caitlyn / Nouizi, Farouk / Huynh, Kenneth Nguyen / Sadigh, Gelareh / Chinchilla, Dinora / Abi-Jaoudeh, Nadine

    Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: To explore the significance of socioeconomic factors such as race and ethnicity as predictors of mortality in sub-massive and massive acute pulmonary embolism (PE).: Materials and methods: Hospitalizations aged > 18 years with acute, non- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To explore the significance of socioeconomic factors such as race and ethnicity as predictors of mortality in sub-massive and massive acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
    Materials and methods: Hospitalizations aged > 18 years with acute, non-septic PE from 2016 to 2019 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample and divided into IR (CDT and thrombectomy) and non-IR (tPA) treatments. Statistical analyses calculated significant odds ratios via 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome of interest was mortality rate. Comorbidities affecting mortality were examined secondarily.
    Results: Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander patients were significantly less likely to undergo an IR procedure for acute, non-septic PE compared to White patients (NH Black 0.83 [0.76 - 0.90], p<0.05; Hispanic 0.78 [0.68 - 0.89], p=0.06; Asian/Pacific Islander 0.71 [0.51 - 0.98], p=0.72; OR [95% CI]); however, these differences were eliminated when propensity score matching for age, biological sex, and primary insurance-type or primary insurance-type alone. NH Black patients were significantly more likely than White patients to die regardless of undergoing non-IR or an IR treatment. Overall risk of death was 41% higher for NH Black patients compared to White patients (RR [95% CI] 1.41 [1.24 - 1.60], p<0.001).
    Conclusion: NH Black patients have a higher risk of mortality from acute, non-septic PE than White patients. Independent of race, undergoing IR management for acute, non-septic pulmonary embolisms was associated with a lower mortality rate. Matching for primary insurance-type eliminates difference in mortality between races suggest socioeconomic status (SES) may determine outcomes in acute PE.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1137756-2
    ISSN 1535-7732 ; 1051-0443
    ISSN (online) 1535-7732
    ISSN 1051-0443
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.03.022
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  9. Article: Resolving tissue chromophore concentration at MRI resolution using multi-wavelength photo-magnetic imaging.

    Algarawi, Maha / Erkol, Hakan / Luk, Alex / Ha, Seunghoon / Ünlü, Mehmet B / Gulsen, Gultekin / Nouizi, Farouk

    Biomedical optics express

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 4244–4254

    Abstract: Photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is an emerging optical imaging modality that showed great performance on providing absorption maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. As a multi-modality technology, PMI warms up the imaged object using a near ... ...

    Abstract Photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is an emerging optical imaging modality that showed great performance on providing absorption maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. As a multi-modality technology, PMI warms up the imaged object using a near infrared laser while temperature variation is measured using magnetic resonance imaging. By probing tissue at multiple wavelengths, concentration of the main tissue chromophores such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, lipid, and water are obtained then used to derive functional parameters such as total hemoglobin concentration and relative oxygen saturation. In this paper, we present a multi-wavelength PMI system that was custom-built to host five different laser wavelengths. After recovering the high-resolution absorption maps, a least-squared minimization process was used to resolve the different chromophore concentration. The performance of the system was experimentally tested on a phantom with two different dyes. Their concentrations were successfully assessed with high spatial resolution and average accuracy of nearly 80%.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.397538
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  10. Article ; Online: Multi-Wavelength Photo-Magnetic Imaging System for Photothermal Therapy Guidance.

    Algarawi, Maha / Erkol, Hakan / Luk, Alex / Ha, Seunghoon / Burcin Unlu, Mehmet / Gulsen, Gultekin / Nouizi, Farouk

    Lasers in surgery and medicine

    2020  Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 713–721

    Abstract: Background and objectives: In photothermal therapy, cancerous tissue is treated by the heat generated from absorbed light energy. For effective photothermal therapy, the parameters affecting the induced temperature should be determined before the ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: In photothermal therapy, cancerous tissue is treated by the heat generated from absorbed light energy. For effective photothermal therapy, the parameters affecting the induced temperature should be determined before the treatment by modeling the increase in temperature via numerical simulations. However, accurate simulations can only be achieved when utilizing the accurate optical, thermal, and physiological properties of the treated tissue. Here, we propose a multi-wavelength photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) technique that provides quantitative and spatially resolved tissue optical absorption maps at any wavelength within the near-infrared (NIR) window to assist accurate photothermal therapy planning.
    Study design/materials and methods: The study was conducted using our recently developed multi-wavelength PMI system, which operates at four laser wavelengths (760, 808, 860, and 980 nm). An agar tissue-simulating phantom containing water, lipid, and ink was illuminated using these wavelengths, and the slight internal laser-induced temperature rise was measured using magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT). The phantom optical absorption was recovered at the used wavelengths using our dedicated PMI image reconstruction algorithm. These absorption maps were then used to resolve the concentration of the tissue chromophores, and thus deduce its optical absorption spectrum in the NIR region based on the Beer-Lambert law.
    Results: The optical absorption of the phantom was successfully recovered at the used four wavelengths with an average error of ~1.9%. The recovered absorption coefficient was then used to simulate temperature variations inside the phantom. A comparison between the modeled temperature maps and the MRT measured ones showed that these maps are in a good agreement with an average pseudo R
    Conclusions: Multi-wavelength PMI demonstrated a great ability to assess the distribution of tissue chromophores, thus providing its total absorption at any wavelength within the NIR spectral range. Therefore, applications of photothermal therapy applied at NIR wavelengths can benefit from the absorption spectrum recovered by PMI to determine important parameters such as laser power as well as the laser exposure time needed to attain a specific increase in temperature prior to treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00-00, 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
    MeSH term(s) Hot Temperature ; Lasers ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Photothermal Therapy ; Thermometry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604493-1
    ISSN 1096-9101 ; 0196-8092
    ISSN (online) 1096-9101
    ISSN 0196-8092
    DOI 10.1002/lsm.23350
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