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  1. Article ; Online: Influence of age and cognitive demand on motor decision making under uncertainty: a study on goal directed reaching movements.

    Krüger, Melanie / Puri, Rohan / Summers, Jeffery J / Hinder, Mark R

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 9119

    Abstract: In everyday life, we constantly make decisions about actions to be performed subsequently. Research on motor decision making has provided empirical evidence for an influence of decision uncertainty on movement execution in young adults. Further, decision ...

    Abstract In everyday life, we constantly make decisions about actions to be performed subsequently. Research on motor decision making has provided empirical evidence for an influence of decision uncertainty on movement execution in young adults. Further, decision uncertainty was suggested to be increased in older adults due to limited cognitive resources for the integration of information and the prediction of the decision outcomes. However, the influence of cognitive aging on decision uncertainty during motor decision making and movement execution has not been investigated, yet. Thus, in the current study, we presented young and older adults with a motor decision making task, in which participants had to decide on pointing towards one out of five potential targets under varying cognitive demands. Statistical analyses revealed stronger decreases in correctly deciding upon the pointing target, i.e. task performance, from low to higher cognitive demand in older as compared to young adults. Decision confidence also decreased more strongly in older adults with increasing cognitive demand, however, only when collapsing across correct and incorrect decision trials, but not when considering correct decision trials, only. Further, older adults executed reaching movements with longer reaction times and increased path length, though the latter, again, not when considering correct decision trials, only. Last, reaction time and variability in movement execution were both affected by cognitive demand. The outcomes of this study provide a differentiated picture of the distinct and joint effects of aging and cognitive demand during motor decision making.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Uncertainty ; Psychomotor Performance ; Goals ; Reaction Time ; Movement ; Cognition ; Decision Making
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-59415-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

    Mackenzie, G / Summers, D / Mackenzie, J / Knight, R

    Neuroradiology

    2023  Volume 65, Issue 12, Page(s) 1715–1727

    Abstract: Purpose: This study sought to investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a prion disease with significant public health implications on account of its transmissibility. The ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study sought to investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a prion disease with significant public health implications on account of its transmissibility. The importance of this research stemmed from the first neuropathologically confirmed vCJD case in a PRNP heterozygous individual in 2016, which displayed DWI features typical of sporadic CJD (sCJD). The case was classified as 'probable' sCJD in life, predominantly based on these imaging findings. While DWI has proven valuable in diagnosing sCJD, its utility in vCJD diagnosis remains unclear.
    Methods: DWI and Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from probable and definite vCJD cases referred to the National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU) were independently analysed by an expert neuroradiologist. Scans were reviewed within a mixed cohort of CJD cases including definite sCJD and non-CJD controls.
    Results: FLAIR sequences demonstrated greater sensitivity in identifying the pulvinar sign in vCJD compared to DWI (73% vs 41%, p-value <0.001). Basal ganglia hyperintensities were more prevalent in DWI (84%) than FLAIR (64%), and cortical hyperintensities were exclusive to DWI (24%). The pulvinar sign showed a specificity of 98% for vCJD and was rare in sCJD.
    Conclusion: DWI showed reduced sensitivity compared to FLAIR imaging in detecting the pulvinar sign in vCJD. Conversely, DWI can more distinctively identify basal ganglia and cortical hyperintensities, thus leading to imaging patterns more characteristic of sCJD. Therefore, DWI should be cautiously interpreted in vCJD diagnosis, with axial FLAIR potentially providing a more precise evaluation of the pulvinar sign.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Basal Ganglia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123305-1
    ISSN 1432-1920 ; 0028-3940
    ISSN (online) 1432-1920
    ISSN 0028-3940
    DOI 10.1007/s00234-023-03230-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: An exploration of extreme obesity and weight loss management for adults in rural, remote, and regional areas: a systematic review.

    Summers, Rachael / Lea, Jackie / East, Leah

    Contemporary nurse

    2024  Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 54–66

    Abstract: ... J., Xue, H., Kaminsky, L. A., & Cheskin, L. J. (2020). Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and ...

    Abstract Background: Extreme obesity is a global health issue impacting health and related health outcomes. Although extreme obesity is prevalent across all geographical settings, the condition is more common in geographically isolated locations. The success of mainstream weight loss strategies such as surgery, exercise, and dietary information within these communities remains unknown, and it is unclear if isolation facilitates or hinders treatment for weight management.
    Aim: This review aimed to identify common themes around weight loss and health and social impacts for extremely obese adults living in rural, remote, and regional locations.
    Methods: A systematic literature review of peer-reviewed publications from May 2013 to May 2023 was undertaken and appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Sequential synthesis was thematically analysed and described within a narrative account. Earlier dates were not included as initial research indicated a global surge in obesity within the early 2010s (Wang, Y., Beydoun, M. A., Min, J., Xue, H., Kaminsky, L. A., & Cheskin, L. J. (2020). Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity levelled off in the United States? Trends, patterns, disparities, and future projections for the obesity epidemic.
    Results: This review identified 13 studies that reported negative trends in extreme obesity for isolated locations linked to gender, culture, and poor mental health. Individualised and community models of weight loss support can be positive for certain demographic groups, specifically females, through the promotion of cost-effective, and locally available traditional food choices.
    Conclusion: Living with extreme obesity within geographically isolated locations and losing weight is challenging for women, Indigenous peoples, and people with low literacy and those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Generalised advice about weight loss is often unsuccessful; however, weight loss is achievable with consumer engagement which considers the influence and impact of rurality. Further research focusing on individualised nursing models for managing morbid obesity within isolated locations is required.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; United States ; Obesity, Morbid/therapy ; Weight Loss ; Overweight
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1491361-6
    ISSN 1839-3535 ; 1037-6178
    ISSN (online) 1839-3535
    ISSN 1037-6178
    DOI 10.1080/10376178.2024.2304712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Neural and endocrine responses to social stress differ during actual and virtual aggressive interactions or physiological sign stimuli.

    Korzan, Wayne J / Summers, Tangi R / Summers, Cliff H

    Behavioural processes

    2020  Volume 182, Page(s) 104294

    Abstract: Neural and endocrine responses provide quantitative measures that can be used for discriminating behavioral output analyses. Experimental design differences often make it difficult to compare results with respect to the mechanisms producing behavioral ... ...

    Abstract Neural and endocrine responses provide quantitative measures that can be used for discriminating behavioral output analyses. Experimental design differences often make it difficult to compare results with respect to the mechanisms producing behavioral actions. We hypothesize that comparisons of distinctive behavioral paradigms or modification of social signals can aid in teasing apart the subtle differences in animal responses to social stress. Eyespots are a unique sympathetically activated sign stimulus of the lizard Anolis carolinensis that influence aggression and social dominance. Eyespot formation along with measurements of central and plasma monoamines enable comparison of paired male aggressive interactions with those provoked by a mirror image. The results suggest that experiments employing artificial application of sign stimuli in dyadic interactions amplify behavioral, neural and endocrine responses, and foreshorten behavioral interactions compared to those that develop among pairs naturally. While the use of mirrors to induce aggressive behavior produces simulated interactions that appear normal, some behavioral, neural, and endocrine responses are amplified in these experiments as well. In contrast, mirror image interactions also limit the level of certain behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. As true social communication does not occur during interaction with mirror images, rank relationships can never be established. Multiple experimental approaches, such as combining naturalistic social interactions with virtual exchanges and/or manipulation of sign stimuli, can often provide added depth to understanding the motivation, context, and mechanisms that produce specific behaviors. The addition of endocrine and neural measurements helps identify the contributions of specific behavioral elements to the social processes proceeding.
    MeSH term(s) Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Lizards ; Male ; Serotonin ; Social Dominance ; Stress, Psychological
    Chemical Substances Serotonin (333DO1RDJY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 196999-7
    ISSN 1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
    ISSN (online) 1872-8308
    ISSN 0376-6357
    DOI 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104294
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Recent progress in the understanding of relaxin family peptides and their receptors.

    Summers, R J

    British journal of pharmacology

    2017  Volume 174, Issue 10, Page(s) 915–920

    Abstract: Linked articles: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/ ... ...

    Abstract Linked articles: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry ; Receptors, Peptide/metabolism ; Relaxin/chemistry ; Relaxin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Peptide ; Relaxin (9002-69-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80081-8
    ISSN 1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
    ISSN (online) 1476-5381
    ISSN 0007-1188
    DOI 10.1111/bph.13778
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Novel Approaches to Pediatric T-cell ALL and T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma.

    Summers, Ryan J / Teachey, David T

    Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 10, Page(s) 718–725

    Abstract: ... or refractory (r/r) disease remain dismal. Improved risk stratification and the incorporation ... and improving salvage rates for those with r/r disease. In this review we will discuss the challenges ... immunotherapeutics, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies under investigation in r/r T-ALL and T-LL. ...

    Abstract While outcomes for children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) have improved significantly with contemporary therapy, outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) disease remain dismal. Improved risk stratification and the incorporation of novel therapeutics have the potential to improve outcomes further in T-ALL/T-LL by limiting relapse risk and improving salvage rates for those with r/r disease. In this review we will discuss the challenges and new opportunities for improved risk stratification in T-ALL and T-LL. We will further discuss the recent incorporation of the novel therapeutics nelarabine and bortezomib into front-line therapy for children with T-ALL and T-LL. Finally, we will address new classes of targeted small molecule inhibitors, immunotherapeutics, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies under investigation in r/r T-ALL and T-LL.
    MeSH term(s) Bortezomib ; Child ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Bortezomib (69G8BD63PP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2540992-X
    ISSN 2152-2669 ; 2152-2650
    ISSN (online) 2152-2669
    ISSN 2152-2650
    DOI 10.1016/j.clml.2022.07.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Regulation of ICAM-1 in human neutrophils.

    Vignarajah, Muralie / Wood, Alexander J T / Nelmes, Elizabeth / Subburayalu, Julien / Herre, Jurgen / Nourshargh, Sussan / Summers, Charlotte / Chilvers, Edwin R / Farahi, Neda

    Journal of leukocyte biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein with a vital role in the immune response to pathogens. The expression pattern of ICAM-1 is wide-ranging, encompassing endothelial cells, epithelial cells and neutrophils. ... ...

    Abstract Intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein with a vital role in the immune response to pathogens. The expression pattern of ICAM-1 is wide-ranging, encompassing endothelial cells, epithelial cells and neutrophils. Recent work has characterized the role of ICAM-1 in murine neutrophils, but the function of human neutrophil ICAM-1 is incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated the expression and role of ICAMs in human neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. Our findings show clear expression of ICAM-1, -3 and -4 on peripheral blood-derived neutrophils and demonstrate that the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an inducer of ICAM-1 expression in vitro. In vivo, neutrophils obtained from the pleural cavity of patients with a parapneumonic effusion display enhanced expression of ICAM-1 compared to peripheral blood- and oral cavity-derived neutrophils. Moreover, migration of peripheral blood-derived neutrophils across endothelial cells can upregulate neutrophil ICAM-1 expression. These findings indicate that PAMPs and/or cytokines, alongside transmigration, enhance neutrophil ICAM-1 expression at sites of inflammation. Mechanistically we observed that ICAM-1high neutrophils display elevated S. aureus phagocytic capacity. However, unlike murine neutrophils, ICAM-1 intracellular signaling in human neutrophils was not essential for phagocytosis of S. aureus and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Taken together, these results have important implications for the regulation of neutrophil-mediated pathogen clearance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605722-6
    ISSN 1938-3673 ; 0741-5400
    ISSN (online) 1938-3673
    ISSN 0741-5400
    DOI 10.1093/jleuko/qiae090
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  8. Article: Impacts of increasing isolation and environmental variation on Florida Scrub-Jay demography.

    Summers, Jeremy / Cosgrove, Elissa J / Bowman, Reed / Fitzpatrick, John W / Chen, Nancy

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Isolation caused by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation can destabilize populations. Population demography is shaped by complex interactions among local vital rates, environmental fluctuations, and changing immigration rates. Empirical ... ...

    Abstract Isolation caused by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation can destabilize populations. Population demography is shaped by complex interactions among local vital rates, environmental fluctuations, and changing immigration rates. Empirical studies of these interactions are critical for testing theoretical expectations of how populations respond to isolation. We used a 34-year demographic and environmental dataset from a population of Florida Scrub-Jays (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.10.575127
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Molecular pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors.

    Summers, R J

    British journal of pharmacology

    2016  Volume 173, Issue 20, Page(s) 2931–2933

    Abstract: This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology stems from the eighth in the series of meetings on the Molecular Pharmacology of G protein coupled receptors (MPGPCR) held as part of a joint meeting with the Australasian Society of Clinical and ... ...

    Abstract This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology stems from the eighth in the series of meetings on the Molecular Pharmacology of G protein coupled receptors (MPGPCR) held as part of a joint meeting with the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists (ASCEPT) in Melbourne Australia from 7 to 11 December 2014. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80081-8
    ISSN 1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
    ISSN (online) 1476-5381
    ISSN 0007-1188
    DOI 10.1111/bph.13610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: AI-generated CT body composition biomarkers associated with increased mortality risk in socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals.

    Lee, Matthew H / Zea, Ryan / Garrett, John W / Summers, Ronald M / Pickhardt, Perry J

    Abdominal radiology (New York)

    2024  Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 1330–1340

    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage using national area deprivation index (ADI) and CT-based body composition measures derived from fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) tools to identify body composition ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage using national area deprivation index (ADI) and CT-based body composition measures derived from fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) tools to identify body composition measures associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular events.
    Methods: Fully automated AI body composition tools quantifying abdominal aortic calcium, abdominal fat (visceral [VAT], visceral-to-subcutaneous ratio [VSR]), and muscle attenuation (muscle HU) were applied to non-contrast CT examinations in adults undergoing screening CT colonography (CTC). Patients were partitioned into 5 socioeconomic groups based on the national ADI rank at the census block group level. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between national ADI and body composition measures. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across groups. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated using high-risk, high specificity (90% specificity) body composition thresholds with the most disadvantaged groups being compared to the least disadvantaged group (ADI < 20).
    Results: 7785 asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57 years; 4361:3424 F:M) underwent screening CTC from April 2004-December 2016. ADI rank data were available in 7644 patients. Median ADI was 31 (IQR 22-43). Aortic calcium, VAT, and VSR had positive correlation with ADI and muscle attenuation had a negative correlation with ADI (all p < .001). Compared with the least disadvantaged group, mean differences for the most disadvantaged group (ADI > 80) were: Aortic calcium (Agatston) = 567, VAT = 27 cm
    Conclusion: Fully automated CT body composition tools show that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with high-risk body composition measures and can be used to identify individuals at increased risk for all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular events.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Artificial Intelligence ; Calcium ; Body Composition ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Biomarkers ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2839786-1
    ISSN 2366-0058 ; 2366-004X
    ISSN (online) 2366-0058
    ISSN 2366-004X
    DOI 10.1007/s00261-023-04161-z
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