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Article ; Online: Multiple pathways mediate chloroplast singlet oxygen stress signaling.

Tano, David W / Kozlowska, Marta A / Easter, Robert A / Woodson, Jesse D

2022 Volume 111, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 167–187

Abstract: Key message: Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). ...

Abstract	Key message: Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aside from being cytotoxic, ROS also have signaling capabilities. For example, the ROS singlet oxygen (
MeSH term(s)	Singlet Oxygen/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Mutation ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Chemical Substances	Singlet Oxygen (17778-80-2) ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	778032-1
ISSN	1573-5028 ; 0167-4412
ISSN (online)	1573-5028
ISSN	0167-4412
DOI	10.1007/s11103-022-01319-z
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Article ; Online: Multiple pathways mediate chloroplast singlet oxygen stress signaling

Tano, David W. / Kozlowska, Marta A. / Easter, Robert A. / Woodson, Jesse D.

Plant Mol Biol. 2023 Jan., v. 111, no. 1-2 p.167-187

2023

Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). ...

Abstract	KEY MESSAGE: Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aside from being cytotoxic, ROS also have signaling capabilities. For example, the ROS singlet oxygen (¹O₂) can initiate nuclear gene expression, chloroplast degradation, and cell death. To unveil the signaling mechanisms involved, researchers have used several ¹O₂-producing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants as genetic model systems, including plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2), fluorescent in blue light (flu), chlorina 1 (ch1), and accelerated cell death 2 (acd2). Here, we compare these ¹O₂-producing mutants to elucidate if they utilize one or more signaling pathways to control cell death and nuclear gene expression. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we demonstrate fc2, flu, and ch1 share a core response to ¹O₂ accumulation, but maintain unique responses, potentially tailored to respond to their specific stresses. Subsequently, we used a genetic approach to determine if these mutants share ¹O₂ signaling pathways by testing the ability of genetic suppressors of one ¹O₂ producing mutant to suppress signaling in a different ¹O₂ producing mutant. Our genetic analyses revealed at least two different chloroplast ¹O₂ signaling pathways control cellular degradation: one specific to the flu mutant and one shared by fc2, ch1, and acd2 mutants, but with life-stage-specific (seedling vs. adult) features. Overall, this work reveals chloroplast stress signaling involving ¹O₂ is complex and may allow cells to finely tune their physiology to environmental inputs.
Keywords	Arabidopsis thaliana ; adults ; blue light ; cell death ; chloroplasts ; cytotoxicity ; fluorescence ; gene expression ; genetic models ; influenza ; mutants ; seedlings ; singlet oxygen ; transcriptomics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 167-187.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	778032-1
ISSN	1573-5028 ; 0167-4412
ISSN (online)	1573-5028
ISSN	0167-4412
DOI	10.1007/s11103-022-01319-z
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Article ; Online: Implementing Psychiatric Advance Directives: The Transmitter and Receiver Problem and the Neglected Right to Be Deemed Incapable.

Swartz, Marvin S / Swanson, Jeffrey W / Easter, Michele M / Robertson, Allison G

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

2020 Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 219–221

Abstract: Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) can help adults with serious mental illnesses preserve their autonomy and avoid involuntary interventions during an incapacitating mental health crisis. A PAD is a legal document prepared while mentally competent and ...

Abstract	Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) can help adults with serious mental illnesses preserve their autonomy and avoid involuntary interventions during an incapacitating mental health crisis. A PAD is a legal document prepared while mentally competent and states the person's treatment preferences to be implemented during a future crisis, ideally with the advocacy of an authorized proxy decision maker. PADs have been available in the United States for more than three decades but have yet to be robustly implemented in practice. This Open Forum describes PADs metaphorically as a device for remote communication among the person with mental illness, a proxy decision maker, and health care providers. Barriers to PAD usage occur on both "transmitter" and "receiver" sides and must be addressed to advance PAD implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Advance Directives ; Communication ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1220173-x
ISSN	1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
ISSN	1075-2730
DOI	10.1176/appi.ps.202000659
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Article ; Online: Simulation-based training of vaginal twin delivery for experienced gynaecologists: Useful or not?

Frenken, Maria W E / de Wit-Zuurendonk, Laura D / Easter, Sarah Rae / Goossens, Simone M T A / Oei, S Guid

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

2020 Volume 251, Page(s) 89–97

Abstract: Objective: It is important to train clinicians to maintain and optimise maternal and neonatal outcomes after vaginal twin delivery. Simulation-based training provides opportunities for training in a realistic way without harming patients. The aim of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: It is important to train clinicians to maintain and optimise maternal and neonatal outcomes after vaginal twin delivery. Simulation-based training provides opportunities for training in a realistic way without harming patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of simulation-based training concerning twin vaginal delivery on knowledge and comfort of obstetrician-gynaecologists. Study design: Obstetrician-gynaecologists participated in a twin vaginal delivery simulation between March 2018 and May 2019. Simulation-based training consisted of standardized patient interviews, didactic sessions and three different simulation-based scenarios: internal podalic version and breech extraction, assisted vaginal delivery and vaginal breech delivery with problems of aftercoming head. Pre- and posttraining, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires exploring knowledge concerning vertex-vertex twin deliveries and vertex-nonvertex twin deliveries, level of comfort performing various obstetric manoeuvres and counselling on mode of delivery for women pregnant with twins. Our primary outcome of interest was a change in knowledge or comfort surrounding vaginal twin delivery after completion of the simulation-based training. Results: The estimated median number of vaginal twin deliveries performed by the participating thirty-four obstetrician-gynaecologists was 50 (IQR 20-100). Significant improvements were seen in knowledge regarding twin deliveries with vertex-nonvertex presentation (p < 0.01). In two of three questions regarding twin delivery with vertex-vertex presentation significant improvements were seen as well (p < 0.01). Before training, 40.6% of participants felt comfortable to perform internal podalic version compared to 91.2% afterwards (p < 0.01). Comfort with breech extraction increased from 69.7% to 97.1% pre- and posttraining, respectively (p < 0.01). Before training only 55.9% would strongly counsel patients towards vaginal twin delivery as opposed to 73.5% after training (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Simulation-based training results in beneficial effects on knowledge and comfort concerning vaginal twin deliveries for obstetrician-gynaecologists. This training suggested a potential impact on provider practice with a more favourable attitude towards twin vaginal birth.
MeSH term(s)	Breech Presentation ; Cesarean Section ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor Presentation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Twins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-25
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	190605-7
ISSN	1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
ISSN (online)	1872-7654
ISSN	0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
DOI	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.020
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Article ; Online: Investment case for primary health care in low- and middle-income countries: A case study of Kenya.

Mwai, Daniel / Hussein, Salim / Olago, Agatha / Kimani, Maureen / Njuguna, David / Njiraini, Rose / Wangia, Elizabeth / Olwanda, Easter / Mwaura, Lilian / Rotich, Wesley

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0283156

Abstract: Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) systems attain improved health outcomes and fairness and are affordable. However, the proportion of PHC spending to Total Current Health Expenditure in Kenya reduced from 63.4% in 2016/17 to 53.9% in 2020/21 while ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) systems attain improved health outcomes and fairness and are affordable. However, the proportion of PHC spending to Total Current Health Expenditure in Kenya reduced from 63.4% in 2016/17 to 53.9% in 2020/21 while external funding reduced from 28.3% (Ksh 69.4 billion) to 23.9% (Ksh 68.2 billion) over the same period. This reduction in PHC spending negatively affects PHC performance and the overall health system goals. Methods: We conducted a cost-benefit analysis and computed costs against the economic benefits of a PHC scale-up. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) on the provider perspective was employed to estimate the incremental costs. The OneHealth Tool was used to estimate the health impact of operationalizing PHC over five years. Finally, we quantified Return on Investment (ROI) by estimating monetized DALYs based on a constant value per statistical life year (VSLY) derived from a VSL estimate. Results: The total projected cost of PHC interventions in the Kenya was Ksh 1.65 trillion (USD 15,581.91 billion). Human resource was the main cost driver accounting for 75% of the total cost. PHC investments avert 64,430,316 Disability Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) and generate cost savings of Ksh. 21.5 trillion (USD 204.4 Billion) over five years. Shifting services from high-level facilities to PHC facilities generates Ksh 198.2 billion (USD 1.9 billion) and yields a benefit-cost ratio of 16:1 in 5 years. Thus, every $1 invested in PHC interventions saves up to $16 in spending on conditions like stunting, NCDs, anaemia, TB, Malaria, and maternal and child health morbidity. Conclusions: Evidence of the economic benefits of continued prioritization of funding for PHC can strengthen the advocacy argument for increased domestic and external financing of PHC in Kenya. A well-resourced and functional PHC system translates to substantial health benefits with positive economic benefits. Therefore, governments and stakeholders should increase investments in PHC to accelerate economic growth.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Kenya ; Developing Countries ; Delivery of Health Care ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Primary Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0283156
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Article ; Online: North Carolina Specialty Courts, Treatment Access, and the Substance Use Crisis: A Promising but Underfunded Model.

Easter, Michele M / Swanson, Jeffrey W / Crozier, William E / Robertson, Allison G / Garrett, Brandon L / Modjadidi, Karima / Swartz, Marvin S

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

2021 Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) 1471–1474

Abstract: Treatment courts aim to reduce criminal recidivism by addressing the behavioral health care needs of persons with psychiatric or substance use disorders that contribute to their offending. Stable funding and access to behavioral health providers are ... ...

Abstract	Treatment courts aim to reduce criminal recidivism by addressing the behavioral health care needs of persons with psychiatric or substance use disorders that contribute to their offending. Stable funding and access to behavioral health providers are crucial elements of success for the treatment court model. What happens when courts lose state funding and must rely on local initiatives and resources? In this study, a survey of North Carolina treatment court professionals identified resource gaps and unmet needs. The authors argue that continuing state investment could make treatment courts more viable and effective. Medicaid expansion is a potential new resource for these problem-solving courts.
MeSH term(s)	Criminal Law ; Humans ; North Carolina ; Recidivism ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1220173-x
ISSN	1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
ISSN	1075-2730
DOI	10.1176/appi.ps.202000868
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Article ; Online: Estimating the economic impact of COVID-19 disruption on access to sexual and reproductive health and rights in Eastern and Southern Africa.

Kipchumba Kipruto, Hillary / Cyprian Karamagi, Humphrey / Ngusbrhan Kidane, Solyana / Mwai, Daniel / Njuguna, David / Droti, Benson / Muthigani, Wangui / Olwanda, Easter / Kirui, Elvis / Adegboyega, Ayotunde Adenola / Onyiah, Amaka Pamela / Nabyonga-Orem, Juliet

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1144150

Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in the disruption of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) services in the Eastern and Southern Africa region. To date, studies estimating the impact of COVID-19 disruptions have mainly ...

Abstract	Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in the disruption of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) services in the Eastern and Southern Africa region. To date, studies estimating the impact of COVID-19 disruptions have mainly focused on SRHR services without estimating the economic implication. Method: We used national service coverage data on the effectiveness of interventions from the lives saved tool (LiST), a mathematical modeling tool that estimates the effects of service coverage change in mortality. We computed years lost due to COVID-19 disruption on SRHR using life expectancy at birth, number of years of life lost due to child mortality, and life expectancy at average maternal death. We calculated the economic value of the lives saved, using the values of statistical life year for each of the countries, comparing 2019 (pre-COVID-19) to 2020 (COVID-19 era). Findings: The total life-years lost were 1,335,663, with 1,056,174 life-years lost attributed to child mortality and 279,249 linked to maternal mortalities, with high case-fatality rates in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Tanzania. The findings show COVID-19 disruptions on SRHR services between 2019 and 2020 resulted in US$ 3.6 billion losses, with the highest losses in Angola (USD 777 million), South Africa (USD 539 million), and Democratic Republic of Congo (USD 361 million). Conclusion: The monetized value of disability adjusted life years can be used as evidence for advocacy, increased investment, and appropriate mitigation strategies. Countries should strengthen their health systems functionality, incorporating and transforming lessons learned from shock events.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Reproductive Health ; Health Services Accessibility ; Human Rights ; Africa, Southern
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144150
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Article: Response to invited commentary on SAGES study.

Easter, D W

Surgical endoscopy

1994 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 339

MeSH term(s)	Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	639039-0
ISSN	0930-2794
ISSN	0930-2794
DOI	10.1007/bf00590967
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Zs.A 2214: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Facilitation of Psychiatric Advance Directives by Peers and Clinicians on Assertive Community Treatment Teams.

Easter, Michele M / Swanson, Jeffrey W / Robertson, Allison G / Moser, Lorna L / Swartz, Marvin S

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

2017 Volume 68, Issue 7, Page(s) 717–723

Abstract: Objective: Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) provide a legal mechanism for competent adults to document care preferences and authorize a surrogate to make treatment decisions. In a controlled research setting, an evidence-based intervention, the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) provide a legal mechanism for competent adults to document care preferences and authorize a surrogate to make treatment decisions. In a controlled research setting, an evidence-based intervention, the facilitated psychiatric advance directive (FPAD), was previously shown to overcome most barriers to PAD completion. This study examined implementation of the FPAD intervention in usual care settings as delivered by peer support specialists and nonpeer clinicians on assertive community treatment (ACT) teams. Methods: A total of 145 ACT consumers were randomly assigned, within teams, to FPAD with facilitation by either a peer (N=71) or a clinician (N=74). Completion rates and PAD quality were compared with the previous study's standard and across facilitator type. Logistic regression was used to estimate effects on the likelihood of PAD completion. Results: The completion rate of 50% in the intent-to-treat sample (N=145) was somewhat inferior to the prior standard (61%), but the rate of 58% for the retained sample (those who completed a follow-up interview, N=116) was not significantly different from the standard. Rates for peers and clinicians did not differ significantly from each other for either sample. PAD quality was similar to that achieved in the prior study. Four consumer variables predicted completion: independent living status, problematic substance use, length of time served by the ACT team, and no perceived unmet need for hospitalization in crisis. Conclusions: Peers and clinicians can play a crucial role in increasing the number of consumers with PADs, an important step toward improving implementation of PADs in mental health care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1220173-x
ISSN	1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
ISSN (online)	1557-9700
ISSN	1075-2730
DOI	10.1176/appi.ps.201600423
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Zs.A 416: Show issues

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Article: Inguinal hernia in pediatrics: initial experience with laparoscopic inguinal exploration of the asymptomatic contralateral side.

Easter, D W

Journal of laparoendoscopic surgery

1992 Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) 361–362

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Hernia, Inguinal/diagnosis ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	1077427-0
ISSN	1052-3901
ISSN	1052-3901
DOI	10.1089/lps.1992.2.361
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