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Article ; Online: Experience shapes chandelier cell function and structure in the visual cortex.

Seignette, Koen / Jamann, Nora / Papale, Paolo / Terra, Huub / Porneso, Ralph O / de Kraker, Leander / van der Togt, Chris / van der Aa, Maaike / Neering, Paul / Ruimschotel, Emma / Roelfsema, Pieter R / Montijn, Jorrit S / Self, Matthew W / Kole, Maarten H P / Levelt, Christiaan N

eLife

2024 Volume 12

Abstract: Detailed characterization of interneuron types in primary visual cortex (V1) has greatly contributed to understanding visual perception, yet the role of chandelier cells (ChCs) in visual processing remains poorly characterized. Using viral tracing we ... ...

Abstract	Detailed characterization of interneuron types in primary visual cortex (V1) has greatly contributed to understanding visual perception, yet the role of chandelier cells (ChCs) in visual processing remains poorly characterized. Using viral tracing we found that V1 ChCs predominantly receive monosynaptic input from local layer 5 pyramidal cells and higher-order cortical regions. Two-photon calcium imaging and convolutional neural network modeling revealed that ChCs are visually responsive but weakly selective for stimulus content. In mice running in a virtual tunnel, ChCs respond strongly to events known to elicit arousal, including locomotion and visuomotor mismatch. Repeated exposure of the mice to the virtual tunnel was accompanied by reduced visual responses of ChCs and structural plasticity of ChC boutons and axon initial segment length. Finally, ChCs only weakly inhibited pyramidal cells. These findings suggest that ChCs provide an arousal-related signal to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells that may modulate their activity and/or gate plasticity of their axon initial segments during behaviorally relevant events.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Neurons ; Pyramidal Cells ; Visual Cortex ; Interneurons ; Arousal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.91153
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Article ; Online: Cardiac magnetic resonance left ventricular filling pressure is linked to symptoms, signs and prognosis in heart failure.

Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Garg, Pankaj / Swift, Andrew J / Alabed, Samer / Thomson, Ross / Aung, Nay / Chambers, Bradley / Klassen, Joel / Levelt, Eylem / Farley, Jonathan / Greenwood, John P / Plein, Sven / Swoboda, Peter P

ESC heart failure

2023 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 3067–3076

Abstract: ... myocardial infarction. The mean age was 62 ± 13 years, 36% were female (n = 163), and 30% (n = 135) had raised LVFP ...

Abstract	Aims: Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) can be estimated from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We aimed to investigate whether CMR-derived LVFP is associated with signs, symptoms, and prognosis in patients with recently diagnosed heart failure (HF). Methods and results: This study recruited 454 patients diagnosed with HF who underwent same-day CMR and clinical assessment between February 2018 and January 2020. CMR-derived LVFP was calculated, as previously, from long- and short-axis cines. CMR-derived LVFP association with symptoms and signs of HF was investigated. Patients were followed for median 2.9 years (interquartile range 1.5-3.6 years) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, non-fatal stroke, and non-fatal myocardial infarction. The mean age was 62 ± 13 years, 36% were female (n = 163), and 30% (n = 135) had raised LVFP. Forty-seven per cent of patients had an ejection fraction < 40% during CMR assessment. Patients with raised LVFP were more likely to have pleural effusions [hazard ratio (HR) 3.2, P = 0.003], orthopnoea (HR 2.0, P = 0.008), lower limb oedema (HR 1.7, P = 0.04), and breathlessness (HR 1.7, P = 0.01). Raised CMR-derived LVFP was associated with a four-fold risk of HF hospitalization (HR 4.0, P < 0.0001) and a three-fold risk of MACE (HR 3.1, P < 0.0001). In the multivariable model, raised CMR-derived LVFP was independently associated with HF hospitalization (adjusted HR 3.8, P = 0.0001) and MACE (adjusted HR 3.0, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Raised CMR-derived LVFP is strongly associated with symptoms and signs of HF. In addition, raised CMR-derived LVFP is independently associated with subsequent HF hospitalization and MACE.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Stroke Volume ; Prospective Studies ; Heart Failure/diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2814355-3
ISSN	2055-5822 ; 2055-5822
ISSN (online)	2055-5822
ISSN	2055-5822
DOI	10.1002/ehf2.14499
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Article ; Online: Robustness of the cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants: A close multi-center replication of Kovács and Mehler (2009).

Spit, Sybren / Geambașu, Andreea / Renswoude, Daan van / Blom, Elma / Fikkert, Paula / Hunnius, Sabine / Junge, Caroline / Verhagen, Josje / Visser, Ingmar / Wijnen, Frank / Levelt, Clara C

Developmental science

2023 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) e13377

Abstract: ... of these findings in four babylabs (N = 98). Our results did not replicate the original findings ...

Abstract	We present an exact replication of Experiment 2 from Kovács and Mehler's 2009 study, which showed that 7-month-old infants who are raised bilingually exhibit a cognitive advantage. In the experiment, a sound cue, following an AAB or ABB pattern, predicted the appearance of a visual stimulus on the screen. The stimulus appeared on one side of the screen for nine trials and then switched to the other side. In the original experiment, both mono- and bilingual infants anticipated where the visual stimulus would appear during pre-switch trials. However, during post-switch trials, only bilingual children anticipated that the stimulus would appear on the other side of the screen. The authors took this as evidence of a cognitive advantage. Using the exact same materials in combination with novel analysis techniques (Bayesian analyses, mixed effects modeling and cluster based permutation analyses), we assessed the robustness of these findings in four babylabs (N = 98). Our results did not replicate the original findings: although anticipatory looks increased slightly during post-switch trials for both groups, bilingual infants were not better switchers than monolingual infants. After the original experiment, we presented additional trials to examine whether infants associated sound patterns with cued locations, for which we did not find any evidence either. The results highlight the importance of multicenter replications and more fine-grained statistical analyses to better understand child development. HIGHLIGHTS: We carried out an exact replication across four baby labs of the high-impact study by Kovács and Mehler (2009). We did not replicate the findings of the original study, calling into question the robustness of the claim that bilingual infants have enhanced cognitive abilities. After the original experiment, we presented additional trials to examine whether infants correctly associated sound patterns with cued locations, for which we did not find any evidence. The use of novel analysis techniques (Bayesian analyses, mixed effects modeling and cluster based permutation analyses) allowed us to draw better-informed conclusions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2023952-X
ISSN	1467-7687 ; 1363-755X
ISSN (online)	1467-7687
ISSN	1363-755X
DOI	10.1111/desc.13377
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Article ; Online: Somatostatin interneurons restrict cell recruitment to retinally driven spontaneous activity in the developing cortex.

Leighton, Alexandra H / Cheyne, Juliette E / Houwen, Gerrit J / Maldonado, Paloma P / De Winter, Fred / Levelt, Christiaan N / Lohmann, Christian

Cell reports

2021 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 109316

Abstract: During early development, before the eyes open, synaptic refinement of sensory networks depends on activity generated by developing neurons themselves. In the mouse visual system, retinal cells spontaneously depolarize and recruit downstream neurons to ... ...

Abstract	During early development, before the eyes open, synaptic refinement of sensory networks depends on activity generated by developing neurons themselves. In the mouse visual system, retinal cells spontaneously depolarize and recruit downstream neurons to bursts of activity, where the number of recruited cells determines the resolution of synaptic retinotopic refinement. Here we show that during the second post-natal week in mouse visual cortex, somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons control the recruitment of cells to retinally driven spontaneous activity. Suppressing SST interneurons increases cell participation and allows events to spread farther along the cortex. During the same developmental period, a second type of high-participation, retina-independent event occurs. During these events, cells receive such large excitatory charge that inhibition is overwhelmed and large parts of the cortex participate in each burst. These results reveal a role of SST interneurons in restricting retinally driven activity in the visual cortex, which may contribute to the refinement of retinotopy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Retina/physiology ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/growth & development ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Somatostatin (51110-01-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109316
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Article ; Online: 4D Flow Cardiac MR in Primary Mitral Regurgitation.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

2024

Abstract: ... Population: Forty-four patients (male N = 30; median age 68 [59-75]) with at least moderate primary mitral ...

Abstract	Background: Four-dimensional-flow cardiac MR (4DF-MR) offers advantages in primary mitral regurgitation. The relationship between 4DF-MR-derived mitral regurgitant volume (MR-Rvol) and the post-operative left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling has not yet been established. Purpose: To ascertain if the 4DF-MR-derived MR-Rvol correlates with the LV reverse remodeling in primary mitral regurgitation. Study type: Prospective, single-center, two arm, interventional vs. nonintervention observational study. Population: Forty-four patients (male N = 30; median age 68 [59-75]) with at least moderate primary mitral regurgitation; either awaiting mitral valve surgery (repair [MVr], replacement [MVR]) or undergoing "watchful waiting" (WW). Field strength/sequence: 5 T/Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence/Phase contrast imaging/Multishot echo-planar imaging pulse sequence (five shots). Assessment: Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), phase-contrast MR (PMRI), 4DF-MR and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, and a follow-up PMRI and 6MWT at 6 months. MR-Rvol was quantified by PMRI, 4DF-MR, and TTE by one observer. The pre-operative MR-Rvol was correlated with the post-operative decrease in the LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi). Statistical tests: Included Student t-test/Mann-Whitney test/Fisher's exact test, Bland-Altman plots, linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results: While Bland-Altman plots demonstrated similar bias between all the modalities, the limits of agreement were narrower between 4DF-MR and PMRI (bias 15; limits of agreement -36 mL to 65 mL), than between 4DF-MR and TTE (bias -8; limits of agreement -106 mL to 90 mL) and PMRI and TTE (bias -23; limits of agreement -105 mL to 59 mL). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the MR-Rvol and the post-operative decrease in the LVEDVi, when the MR-Rvol was quantified by PMRI and 4DF-MR, but not by TTE (P = 0.73). 4DF-MR demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for reduction in the post-operative LVEDVi with the largest area under the curve (4DF-MR 0.83; vs. PMRI 0.78; and TTE 0.51; P = 0.89). Data conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of 4DF-MR in the assessment of primary mitral regurgitation. Evidence level: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146614-5
ISSN	1522-2586 ; 1053-1807
ISSN (online)	1522-2586
ISSN	1053-1807
DOI	10.1002/jmri.29284
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Article ; Online: Coronary microvascular function and visceral adiposity in patients with normal body weight and type 2 diabetes.

Chowdhary, Amrit / Thirunavukarasu, Sharmaine / Jex, Nicholas / Coles, Lauren / Bowers, Charles / Sengupta, Anshuman / Swoboda, Peter / Witte, Klaus / Cubbon, Richard / Xue, Hui / Kellman, Peter / Greenwood, John / Plein, Sven / Levelt, Eylem

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2022 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 1079–1090

Abstract: Objective: This study sought to assess whether diabetes affects coronary microvascular function in individuals with normal body weight.: Methods: Seventy-five participants (30 patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D] who were overweight [O-T2D], 15 ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study sought to assess whether diabetes affects coronary microvascular function in individuals with normal body weight. Methods: Seventy-five participants (30 patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D] who were overweight [O-T2D], 15 patients with T2D who were lean [LnT2D], 15 healthy volunteers who were lean [LnHV], and 15 healthy volunteers who were overweight [O-HV]) without established cardiovascular disease were recruited. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of subcutaneous, epicardial, and visceral adipose tissue areas, adenosine stress myocardial blood flow (MBF), and cardiac structure and function. Results: Stress MBF was reduced only in the O-T2D group (mean [SD], LnHV = 2.07 [0.47] mL/g/min, O-HV = 2.08 [0.42] mL/g/min, LnT2D = 2.16 [0.36] mL/g/min, O-T2D = 1.60 [0.28] mL/g/min; p ≤ 0.0001). Accumulation of visceral fat was evident in the LnT2D group at similar levels to the O-HV group (LnHV = 127 [53] cm Conclusions: Patients with T2D and normal body weight do not show alterations in global stress MBF, but they do show significant increases in visceral adiposity. Patients with T2D who were overweight and had no prior cardiovascular disease showed an increase in visceral adiposity and significant reductions in stress MBF.
MeSH term(s)	Adiposity ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Obesity, Abdominal/complications ; Obesity, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging ; Overweight/complications ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.23413
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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotyping of heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction.

Brown, Louise A E / Wahab, Ali / Ikongo, Eunice / Saunderson, Chirstopher E D / Jex, Nicholas / Thirunavukarasu, Sharmaine / Chowdhary, Amrit / Das, Arka / Craven, Thomas P / Levelt, Eylem / Dall'Armellina, Erica / Knott, Kristopher D / Greenwood, John P / Moon, James C / Xue, Hui / Kellman, Peter / Plein, Sven / Swoboda, Peter P

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging

2022 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 38–45

Abstract: ... of presumed non-ischaemic HFmrEF.: Methods and results: Patients (N = 300, 62.7 ± 13 years, 63% males ...

Abstract	Aims: The 2016 European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Guidelines defined a new category: heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) of 40-49%. This new category was highlighted as having limited evidence and research was advocated into underlying characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. We used multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to define the cardiac phenotype of presumed non-ischaemic HFmrEF. Methods and results: Patients (N = 300, 62.7 ± 13 years, 63% males) with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure with no angina symptoms, history of myocardial infarction, or coronary intervention were prospectively recruited. Patients underwent clinical assessment and CMR including T1 mapping, extracellular volume (ECV) mapping, late gadolinium enhancement, and measurement of myocardial blood flow at rest and maximal hyperaemia. Of 273 patients in the final analysis, 93 (34%) patients were categorized as HFmrEF, 46 (17%) as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and 134 (49%) as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nineteen (20%) patients with HFmrEF had evidence of occult ischaemic heart disease. Diffuse fibrosis and hyperaemic myocardial blood flow were similar in HFmrEF and HFpEF, but HFmrEF showed significantly lower native T1 (1311 ± 32 vs. 1340 ± 45 ms, P < 0.001), ECV (24.6 ± 3.2 vs. 26.3 ± 3.1%, P < 0.001), and higher myocardial perfusion reserve (2.75 ± 0.84 vs. 2.28 ± 0.84, P < 0.001) compared with HFrEF. Conclusion: Patients with HFmrEF share most phenotypic characteristics with HFpEF, including the degree of microvascular impairment and fibrosis, but have a high prevalence of occult ischaemic heart disease similar to HFrEF. Further work is needed to confirm how the phenotype of HFmrEF responds to medical therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Heart Failure ; Stroke Volume/physiology ; Contrast Media ; Prognosis ; Gadolinium ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Fibrosis
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2638345-7
ISSN	2047-2412 ; 2047-2404
ISSN (online)	2047-2412
ISSN	2047-2404
DOI	10.1093/ehjci/jeac204
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Article ; Online: Robustness of the rule-learning effect in 7-month-old infants: A close, multicenter replication of Marcus et al. (1999).

Geambașu, Andreea / Spit, Sybren / van Renswoude, Daan / Blom, Elma / Fikkert, Paula J P M / Hunnius, Sabine / Junge, Caroline C M M / Verhagen, Josje / Visser, Ingmar / Wijnen, Frank / Levelt, Clara C

Developmental science

2022 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e13244

Abstract: ... sample of 7-month-old infants (N = 96), using the same exposure patterns (ABA and ABB), methodology ...

Abstract	We conducted a close replication of the seminal work by Marcus and colleagues from 1999, which showed that after a brief auditory exposure phase, 7-month-old infants were able to learn and generalize a rule to novel syllables not previously present in the exposure phase. This work became the foundation for the theoretical framework by which we assume that infants are able to learn abstract representations and generalize linguistic rules. While some extensions on the original work have shown evidence of rule learning, the outcomes are mixed, and an exact replication of Marcus et al.'s study has thus far not been reported. A recent meta-analysis by Rabagliati and colleagues brings to light that the rule-learning effect depends on stimulus type (e.g., meaningfulness, speech vs. nonspeech) and is not as robust as often assumed. In light of the theoretical importance of the issue at stake, it is appropriate and necessary to assess the replicability and robustness of Marcus et al.'s findings. Here we have undertaken a replication across four labs with a large sample of 7-month-old infants (N = 96), using the same exposure patterns (ABA and ABB), methodology (Headturn Preference Paradigm), and original stimuli. As in the original study, we tested the hypothesis that infants are able to learn abstract "algebraic" rules and apply them to novel input. Our results did not replicate the original findings: infants showed no difference in looking time between test patterns consistent or inconsistent with the familiarization pattern they were exposed to.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Learning ; Speech
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2023952-X
ISSN	1467-7687 ; 1363-755X
ISSN (online)	1467-7687
ISSN	1363-755X
DOI	10.1111/desc.13244
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Article ; Online: The essential role of recurrent processing for figure-ground perception in mice.

Kirchberger, Lisa / Mukherjee, Sreedeep / Schnabel, Ulf H / van Beest, Enny H / Barsegyan, Areg / Levelt, Christiaan N / Heimel, J Alexander / Lorteije, Jeannette A M / van der Togt, Chris / Self, Matthew W / Roelfsema, Pieter R

Science advances

2021 Volume 7, Issue 27

Abstract: The segregation of figures from the background is an important step in visual perception. In primary visual cortex, figures evoke stronger activity than backgrounds during a delayed phase of the neuronal responses, but it is unknown how this figure- ... ...

Abstract	The segregation of figures from the background is an important step in visual perception. In primary visual cortex, figures evoke stronger activity than backgrounds during a delayed phase of the neuronal responses, but it is unknown how this figure-ground modulation (FGM) arises and whether it is necessary for perception. Here, we show, using optogenetic silencing in mice, that the delayed V1 response phase is necessary for figure-ground segregation. Neurons in higher visual areas also exhibit FGM and optogenetic silencing of higher areas reduced FGM in V1. In V1, figures elicited higher activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons than the background, whereas figures suppressed somatostatin-positive interneurons, resulting in an increased activation of pyramidal cells. Optogenetic silencing of VIP neurons reduced FGM in V1, indicating that disinhibitory circuits contribute to FGM. Our results provide insight into how lower and higher areas of the visual cortex interact to shape visual perception.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abe1833
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Article ; Online: Air quality impacts of COVID-19 lockdown measures detected from space using high spatial resolution observations of multiple trace gases from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI

P. F. Levelt / D. C. Stein Zweers / I. Aben / M. Bauwens / T. Borsdorff / I. De Smedt / H. J. Eskes / C. Lerot / D. G. Loyola / F. Romahn / T. Stavrakou / N. Theys / M. Van Roozendael / J. P. Veefkind / T. Verhoelst

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 22, Pp 10319-

2022 Volume 10351

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to highlight how TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) trace gas data can best be used and interpreted to understand event-based impacts on air quality from regional to city scales around the globe. For this study, we ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this paper is to highlight how TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) trace gas data can best be used and interpreted to understand event-based impacts on air quality from regional to city scales around the globe. For this study, we present the observed changes in the atmospheric column amounts of five trace gases (NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, HCHO, and CHOCHO) detected by the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI instrument and driven by reductions in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 lockdown measures in 2020. We report clear COVID-19-related decreases in TROPOMI NO 2 column amounts on all continents. For megacities, reductions in column amounts of tropospheric NO 2 range between 14 % and 63 %. For China and India, supported by NO 2 observations, where the primary source of anthropogenic SO 2 is coal-fired power generation, we were able to detect sector-specific emission changes using the SO 2 data. For HCHO and CHOCHO, we consistently observe anthropogenic changes in 2-week-averaged column amounts over China and India during the early phases of the lockdown periods. That these variations over such a short timescale are detectable from space is due to the high resolution and improved sensitivity of the TROPOMI instrument. For CO, we observe a small reduction over China, which is in concert with the other trace gas reductions observed during lockdown; however, large interannual differences prevent firm conclusions from being drawn. The joint analysis of COVID-19-lockdown-driven reductions in satellite-observed trace gas column amounts using the latest operational and scientific retrieval techniques for five species concomitantly is unprecedented. However, the meteorologically and seasonally driven variability of the five trace gases does not allow for drawing fully quantitative conclusions on the reduction in anthropogenic emissions based on TROPOMI observations alone. We anticipate that in future the combined use of inverse modeling techniques with the high spatial resolution data from S5P/TROPOMI for all observed ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	550 ; 520
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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