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Article ; Online: Erratum: MELZER, S., HITCHMOUGH, R.A., BELL, T., CHAPPLE, D.G. PATTERSON, G.B. (2019) Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex fromNew Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species. Zootaxa 4623 (3): 441-484.

Melzer, S / Hitchmough, R A / Bell, T / Chapple, D G / Patterson, G B

Zootaxa

2019 Volume 4688, Issue 4, Page(s) zootaxa.4688.4.11

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-24
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.11
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Article ; Online: Extending intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) to study individual longitudinal trajectories, with application to mental health in the UK.

Bell, Andrew / Evans, Clare / Holman, Dan / Leckie, George

Social science & medicine (1982)

2024 Volume 351, Page(s) 116955

Abstract: The intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) approach is gaining prominence in health sciences and beyond, as a robust quantitative method for identifying intersectional inequalities in a range ... ...

Abstract	The intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) approach is gaining prominence in health sciences and beyond, as a robust quantitative method for identifying intersectional inequalities in a range of individual outcomes. However, it has so far not been applied to longitudinal data, despite the availability of such data, and growing recognition that intersectional social processes and determinants are not static, unchanging phenomena. Drawing on intersectionality and life course theories, we develop a longitudinal version of the intersectional MAIHDA approach, allowing the analysis not just of intersectional inequalities in static individual differences, but also of life course trajectories. We discuss the conceptualization of intersectional groups in this context: how they are changeable over the life course, appropriate treatment of generational differences, and relevance of the age-period-cohort identification problem. We illustrate the approach with a study of mental health using United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study data (2009-2021). The results reveal important differences in trajectories between generations and intersectional strata, and show that trajectories are partly multiplicative but mostly additive in their intersectional inequalities. This article provides an important and much needed methodological contribution, enabling rigorous quantitative, longitudinal, intersectional analyses in social epidemiology and beyond.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116955
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Article ; Online: The tracheal system of the Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris) - A micro-CT study.

Bell, G D / Corps, N / Mortimer, D / Gretton, S / Bury, N / Connett, G J

Journal of insect physiology

2023 Volume 149, Page(s) 104547

Abstract: X-ray micro-CT has been used to study the tracheal system of Pre and Post hibernation Queen wasps (Vespula vulgaris) and their workers. We have compared our findings in wasps with Snodgrass's description of the tracheal system of the honeybee as ... ...

Abstract	X-ray micro-CT has been used to study the tracheal system of Pre and Post hibernation Queen wasps (Vespula vulgaris) and their workers. We have compared our findings in wasps with Snodgrass's description of the tracheal system of the honeybee as characterised by anatomical dissection. Our images, whilst broadly similar, identify the tracheal system as being considerably more complex than previously suggested. One of the 30 wasps imaged had a markedly different, previously undescribed tracheal system. Since completing this study, a large micro-CT study from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) has been published. This used different software (Slicer) and analysed 16bit digital data. We have compared our methods with that described in the AMNH publication, adopted their suggested nomenclature and have made recommendations for future studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1879-1611
ISSN (online)	1879-1611
DOI	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104547
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Article ; Online: The tracheal system of the Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris)- A micro-CT study

Bell, G.D. / Corps, N. / Mortimer, Derek / Gretton, S. / Bury, N. / Connett, G.J.

Journal of Insect Physiology. 2023, p.104547-

2023 , Page(s) 104547–

Abstract	X-ray micro-CT has been used to study the tracheal system of Pre and Post hibernation Queen wasps (Vespula vulgaris) and their workers. We have compared our findings in wasps with Snodgrass's description of the tracheal system of the honeybee as characterised by anatomical dissection. Our images, whilst broadly similar, identify the tracheal system as being considerably more complex than previously suggested. One of the 30 wasps imaged had a markedly different, previously undescribed tracheal system. Since completing this study, a large micro-CT study from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) has been published. This used different software (Slicer) and analysed 16bit digital data. We have compared our methods with that described in the AMNH publication, adopted their suggested nomenclature and have made recommendations for future studies.
Keywords	Vespula vulgaris ; computer software ; digital database ; dissection ; hibernation ; honey bees ; insect physiology ; micro-computed tomography ; Micro-computer tomography ; X-ray ; Micro CT ; queen and worker wasps ; tracheal system ; diagnostic radioentomology
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	0022-1910
DOI	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104547
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Visualising fat reserves in an insect: A method using X-ray micro-computerised tomography of the Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris).

Bell, G D / Corps, N / Mortimer, D / Gretton, S / Bury, N R

Zoology (Jena, Germany)

2023 Volume 158, Page(s) 126092

Abstract: The Common Wasp, Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), has an annual nest cycle with new colonies initiated by over-wintered queens. Survival of adult queen wasps through winter dormancy is enabled through the deposition of substantial quantities of ... ...

Abstract	The Common Wasp, Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), has an annual nest cycle with new colonies initiated by over-wintered queens. Survival of adult queen wasps through winter dormancy is enabled through the deposition of substantial quantities of triglycerides in fat bodies. Worker (and male) wasps lack these fat reserves. By comparing micro-CT scans of workers, pre-hibernation queens and post-hibernation queens, we demonstrate that it is possible to semi-quantitatively measure fat reserves using arbitrary X-ray attenuation ranges. Venom in the venom gland of the queen wasps, has a significantly lower X-ray attenuation value than the triglyceride-rich fat bodies. This may be due to its content of low molecular weight volatile pheromones in addition to its other known constituents. We also demonstrate the utility of micro-CT for visualising a range of physiological and anatomical features of insects. This non-destructive method for measuring fat reserves can be used on appropriately preserved or freshly collected insect specimens.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Animals ; Wasps/physiology ; X-Rays ; Pheromones ; Seasons ; Tomography
Chemical Substances	Pheromones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1191401-4
ISSN	1873-2720 ; 0944-2006
ISSN (online)	1873-2720
ISSN	0944-2006
DOI	10.1016/j.zool.2023.126092
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Article ; Online: Influence of repulsion on entropy scaling and density scaling of monatomic fluids.

Saric, Denis / Bell, Ian H / Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela / Vrabec, Jadran

The Journal of chemical physics

2024 Volume 160, Issue 10

Abstract: Entropy scaling is applied to the shear viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of simple monatomic fluids. An extensive molecular dynamics simulation series is performed to obtain these transport properties and the residual ... ...

Abstract	Entropy scaling is applied to the shear viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of simple monatomic fluids. An extensive molecular dynamics simulation series is performed to obtain these transport properties and the residual entropy of three potential model classes with variable repulsive exponents: n, 6 Mie (n = 9, 12, 15, and 18), Buckingham's exponential-six (α = 12, 14, 18, and 30), and Tang-Toennies (αT = 4.051, 4.275, and 4.600). A wide range of liquid and supercritical gas- and liquid-like states is covered with a total of 1120 state points. Comparisons to equations of state, literature data, and transport property correlations are made. Although the absolute transport property values within a given potential model class may strongly depend on the repulsive exponent, it is found that the repulsive steepness plays a negligible role when entropy scaling is applied. Hence, the plus-scaled transport properties of n, 6 Mie, exponential-six, and Tang-Toennies fluids lie basically on one master curve, which closely corresponds with entropy scaling correlations for the Lennard-Jones fluid. This trend is confirmed by literature data of n, 6 Mie, and exponential-six fluids. Furthermore, entropy scaling holds for state points where the Pearson correlation coefficient R is well below 0.9. The condition R > 0.9 for strongly correlating liquids is thus not necessary for the successful application of entropy scaling, pointing out that isomorph theory may be a part of a more general framework that is behind the success of entropy scaling. Density scaling reveals a strong influence of the repulsive exponent on this particular approach.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3113-6
ISSN	1089-7690 ; 0021-9606
ISSN (online)	1089-7690
ISSN	0021-9606
DOI	10.1063/5.0196592
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Article ; Online: MS and NMR Analysis of Isotopically Labeled Chloramination Disinfection Byproducts: Hyperlinks and Chemical Reactions.

Sakas, Justinas / Kitson, Ezra / Bell, Nicholle G A / Uhrín, Dušan

Analytical chemistry

2024

Abstract: FT-ICR MS and NMR analysis of an isotopically labeled complex mixture of water disinfection byproducts formed by chloramine disinfection of model phenolic acids is described. A new molecular formula assignment procedure using the CoreMS Python library ... ...

Abstract	FT-ICR MS and NMR analysis of an isotopically labeled complex mixture of water disinfection byproducts formed by chloramine disinfection of model phenolic acids is described. A new molecular formula assignment procedure using the CoreMS Python library able to assign isotopically enriched formulas is proposed. Statistical analysis of the assigned formulas showed that the number of compounds, the diversity of the mixture, and the chlorine count increase during the chloramination reaction. The complex reaction mixture was investigated as a network of reactions using PageRank and Reverse PageRank algorithms. Independent of the MS signal intensities, the PageRank algorithm calculates the formulas with the highest probability at convergence of the reaction; these were chlorinated and nitrated derivatives of the starting materials. The Reverse PageRank revealed that the most probable chemical transformations in the complex mixture were chlorination and decarboxylation. These agree with the data obtained from INADEQUATE NMR spectra and literature data, indicating that this approach could be applied to gain insight into reactions pathways taking place in complex mixtures without any prior knowledge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03888
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Article ; Online: Seasonality and bacterial community assembly processes dominate prairie ecosystem service disruption during invasion

Bell, Jennifer K. / Siciliano, Steven D. / Lamb, Eric G.

Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2023 Sept., v. 184 p.109120-

2023

Abstract: Invasive plants alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem services reducing the Earth's carrying capacity for humans. Many ecosystem services are underpinned by soil microbial communities, and these communities arise from assembly processes that are ...

Abstract	Invasive plants alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem services reducing the Earth's carrying capacity for humans. Many ecosystem services are underpinned by soil microbial communities, and these communities arise from assembly processes that are likely altered by invasion. We evaluated the hypothesis that invasive effects on grassland ecosystem services arise from changes in microbial community assembly processes caused by invasion. We sampled 515 plots at a native Rough Fescue prairie undergoing invasion by nine invasive species of which smooth brome (Bromus inermis) is a dominant member. Each week, for 26 weeks, we monitored invasion effects on vascular plant communities, ecosystem services, as well as bacterial and fungal community structures. Invasive effects on ecosystem services interacted with seasonal (plant green-up, peak biomass, and plant senescence) effects and consistently disrupted ecosystem service provision. Invasion increased heterogenous selection in fungal communities but otherwise had minor effects on assembly process. Only ∼20% of community composition could be ascribed to deterministic filters which hindered our ability to conclusively link invasion to assembly processes. Assembly processes explained changes in ecosystem services with bacterial assembly accounting for 2.5% of food, 4% of climate, 9% of conservation and 5.5% of fertility services. Fungal communities were less consistent in their effects on ecosystem services with only food (3%) and water (4%) services influenced by fungal assembly. After seasonality (27%), bacterial assembly processes (4%) accounted for the largest effect on ecosystem services, overshadowing invasion (2%) and fungal assembly (2%). At this 130-ha site, after seasonal effects, bacterial assembly processes had the largest effect on ecosystem services with plant invasion placing a distant third.
Keywords	Bromus inermis ; Festuca ; bacterial communities ; biochemistry ; biomass ; climate ; community structure ; ecological invasion ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; fungal communities ; fungi ; grasslands ; invasive species ; soil ; soil biology ; vascular plants ; Community assembly ; Plant invasion ; Microbial ecology ; Seasonality
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	280810-9
ISSN	0038-0717
ISSN	0038-0717
DOI	10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109120
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Article: Extension Phase of a Multi-Center, Randomized, Blinded Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Topical Product for Facial Dyschromia.

Wang, Jordan V / Fabi, Sabrina G / Robinson, Deanne Mraz / Bajaj, Shirin / Geronemus, Roy G / Bell, Michaela / Robison, Tiffany / Widgerow, Alan D

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1266–1270

Abstract: Background: Dyschromia can be associated with increased production and/or reduced clearance of pigmentation in the skin. Multiple pathways are involved in causality. A novel topical product was recently developed, which contains actives that have been ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dyschromia can be associated with increased production and/or reduced clearance of pigmentation in the skin. Multiple pathways are involved in causality. A novel topical product was recently developed, which contains actives that have been validated through in-vitro and clinical studies to counteract pigmentation related to photodamage, PIH, and melasma. This study further evaluates the safety and efficacy of this product for facial dyschromia during an additional 3-month extension period following the completion of the previous 12-week multi-center trial. Study Design: Subjects from the previous multi-center trial with mild to severe facial dyschromia at baseline were eligible to participate in this 3-month extension study upon completion of that trial. This extension study evaluated the continued use of the novel topical product with PATH-3 Technology (Alastin Skincare, Carlsbad, CA) over a 3-month period. Subjects who were previously randomized to the novel topical product continued using it and for those previously randomized to hydroquinone 4% discontinued its use. Both cohorts continued daily sunscreen use. Blinded investigators assessed subjects at follow-up visits at 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Results: Twenty-six (26) subjects completed the extension phase of the pivotal trial, with 13 subjects in each of the AL and HQ-BREAK cohorts. Significant improvements were seen within the AL cohort from weeks 12 to 24 for facial dyschromia (P=0.0158) and skin tone/clarity/evenness (P=0.0067), while there were no significant improvements seen in the HQ-BREAK cohort. The HQ-BREAK cohort had more subjects who worsened with facial dyschromia and skin tone/clarity/evenness. For the mMASI, the HQ-BREAK cohort demonstrated regression at week 24 compared to week 12, while the AL cohort instead experienced continued improvement. This difference was found to be significant (P=0.02). No study-related adverse events were reported for either cohort. Conclusion: A novel topical product designed to counteract various steps in pigmentation pathways using PATH-3 Technology has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in treating facial dyschromia on a long-term basis. In contrast to the significant rebound experienced by subjects with HQ, the AL cohort continued to demonstrate ongoing improvement. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(1):1266-1270. doi:10.36849/JDD.7622.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pigmentation Disorders ; Skin Pigmentation ; Melanosis/diagnosis ; Melanosis/drug therapy ; Research Design ; Face
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2145090-0
ISSN	1545-9616
ISSN	1545-9616
DOI	10.36849/JDD.7622
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Article ; Online: Assessing the Feasibility of Rural Residency Training for Licensed Naturopathic Physicians in the Northwest: A Qualitative Study.

Garofalo, Luciano / Bell, Thomas / Poling, Gena / Patterson, Davis

Integrative medicine reports

2023 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–50

Abstract: Objectives: Naturopathic physicians (ND) are uniquely situated to address areas of unmet health care need as primary care providers (PCPs). In several states, NDs have a broad scope of practice and are licensed as independent practitioners regardless of ...

Abstract	Objectives: Naturopathic physicians (ND) are uniquely situated to address areas of unmet health care need as primary care providers (PCPs). In several states, NDs have a broad scope of practice and are licensed as independent practitioners regardless of residency training. However, with a larger role in the health care system, the need for post-graduate medical training becomes more important for clinical success and patient safety. Our study aimed at assessing the feasibility of developing residencies for licensed NDs in rural federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) of Oregon and Washington. Methods: We conducted interviews with leadership from a convenience sample of eight FQHCs. Six centers were rural, two of which already employed NDs. Two urban centers that employed NDs as PCPs were included for their valuable insights related to study design. Two investigators independently reviewed and coded site visit notes for prominent themes through inductive reasoning analysis. Results: Consensus was met identifying the following themes: onboarding and mentorship; diversity of clinical training; financial structure; length of residency; and addressing health care needs in the community. We identified several opportunities for the development of primary care residencies for NDs, including the need for PCPs in rural communities, the ability of NDs to manage chronic pain with prescription drugs, and the prevention of morbidity from complex conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Potential barriers to residency development include lack of Medicare reimbursement, mixed awareness of the ND scope of practice, and scarcity of dedicated mentors. Conclusion: These results may serve as guideposts for the future development of naturopathic residencies in rural community health centers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2768-3222
ISSN (online)	2768-3222
DOI	10.1089/imr.2022.0089
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