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Article: Effect of Types of Dementia Care on Quality of Life and Mental Health Factors in Caregivers of Patients with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cho, Seung-Hyun / Choi, Hyun-Se

2023 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: In Eastern cultures, particularly in South Korea, caregiving for dementia patients at home is common, yet even after facility placement, families may experience ongoing burden due to cultural factors. The aim of this study was to examine the burden ... ...

Abstract	In Eastern cultures, particularly in South Korea, caregiving for dementia patients at home is common, yet even after facility placement, families may experience ongoing burden due to cultural factors. The aim of this study was to examine the burden experienced by caregivers of dementia patients, considering cultural factors influencing in-home care and facility-based care. Using a cross-sectional study design, we compared the quality of life, depression, subjective happiness, and subjective health of family caregivers providing in-home care (FCHC) and informal family caregivers (IFCGs). Data from the 2019 Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) that met the study criteria were selected and statistically analyzed. The results showed that psychological/emotional and economic burdens were the primary burden factors for both FCHC and IFCGs. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of quality of life, depression, subjective happiness, and subjective health. Specifically, FCHC demonstrated a lower quality of life, and both groups experienced moderate to severe depression, indicating the need for mental health management for caregivers of individuals with dementia. As not all FCHC can be transitioned to IFCGs, interventions tailored to specific caregiving types should be developed to improve the quality of life, depression, subjective happiness, and subjective health of caregivers of individuals with dementia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11091245
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Levodropropizine and Its Potential Therapeutic Advantages Considering Eosinophil Levels and Clinical Indications.

Jang, Ji-Hun / Cho, Young-Jin / Jeong, Seung-Hyun

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 17, Issue 2

Abstract: Levodropropizine is a non-narcotic, non-centrally acting antitussive that inhibits the cough reflex triggered by neuropeptides. Despite the active clinical application of levodropropizine, the exploration of its inter-individual pharmacokinetic diversity ...

Abstract	Levodropropizine is a non-narcotic, non-centrally acting antitussive that inhibits the cough reflex triggered by neuropeptides. Despite the active clinical application of levodropropizine, the exploration of its inter-individual pharmacokinetic diversity and of factors that can interpret it is lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore effective covariates associated with variation in the pharmacokinetics of levodropropizine within the population and to perform an interpretation of covariate correlations from a therapeutic perspective. The results of a levodropropizine clinical trial conducted on 40 healthy Korean men were used in this pharmacokinetic analysis, and the calculated pharmacokinetic and physiochemical parameters were screened for effective correlations between factors through heatmap and linear regression analysis. Along with basic compartmental modeling, a correlation analysis was performed between the model-estimated parameter values and the discovered effective candidate covariates for levodropropizine, and the degree of toxicity and safety during the clinical trial of levodropropizine was quantitatively monitored, targeting the hepatotoxicity screening panel. As a result, eosinophil level and body surface area (BSA) were explored as significant (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph17020234
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Article: Effects of Multimodal Rehabilitation on the Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life, and Burden of Care for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Control Study.

Choi, Hyun-Se / Cho, Seung-Hyun

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 10

Abstract: Background: Parkinson’s disease reduces patients’ function, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and increases their guardians’ burden of care. This study verified the effectiveness of a multimodal rehabilitation programme for patients with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Parkinson’s disease reduces patients’ function, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and increases their guardians’ burden of care. This study verified the effectiveness of a multimodal rehabilitation programme for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Trial design: This study was a multicentre parallel randomised controlled, single-blind, trial conducted in three hospitals in Korea. Methods: A central randomisation centre used computer generated tables to randomly allocate 60 of 75 patients with Parkinson’s disease who fulfilled the study requirements into experimental (n = 30; multimodal rehabilitation; consisting of daily living training, guardian education, home environment modification, fine muscle exercise, balance training, and training using auxiliary tools performed 50 min per session, twice a week, in 10 sessions) and control (n = 30; traditional rehabilitation; consisting of task-oriented training, joint exercise, and daily living training performed 50 min per session, twice a week, in 10 sessions) groups. Results: Multimodal rehabilitation for Parkinson’s disease significantly improved the activities of daily living (p < 0.01) and quality of life of patients (p < 0.001) and eased the guardians’ burden of care (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Multimodal rehabilitation is suggested to improve activities of daily living, quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease, and reduce the burden of care of their guardians.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10101888
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Article ; Online: Sex differences in 4-tert-octylphenol toxicokinetics: Exploration of sex as an effective covariate through an in vivo modeling approach.

Jeong, Seung-Hyun / Jang, Ji-Hun / Cho, Hea-Young / Lee, Yong-Bok

Toxicology

2024 Volume 502, Page(s) 153733

Abstract: 4-tert-octylphenol (4-tert-OP) is a potentially harmful substance, which is found widely in the environment. Nevertheless, information on the in vivo toxicokinetics of 4-tert-OP is lacking, and quantitative risk assessment studies are urgently needed. ... ...

Abstract	4-tert-octylphenol (4-tert-OP) is a potentially harmful substance, which is found widely in the environment. Nevertheless, information on the in vivo toxicokinetics of 4-tert-OP is lacking, and quantitative risk assessment studies are urgently needed. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively identify differences in the toxicokinetics of 4-tert-OP and its distribution among tissues between sexes. To this end, following exposure of male and female rats to 10 or 50 mg/kg 4-tert-OP orally and 4 or 8 mg/kg 4-tert-OP intravenously, we conducted a quantitative analysis of samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the 4-tert-OP plasma concentration profiles differed between sexes; however, systemic absorption of 4-tert-OP through the gastrointestinal tract occurred within 0.5 h of exposure in both sexes. Although small, the excretion percentage of 4-tert-OP in urine and feces was lower in males than females (0.06-0.08% vs. 0.82-1.11% of exposure). Significant sex differences were also confirmed in the tissue distribution patterns of 4-tert-OP, and overall, the average tissue distribution in males was lower than that in females. The distribution of 4-tert-OP to liver, adipose, spleen, kidney, brain, and lung in both sexes was predominant. A covariate exploration modeling approach revealed that sex explained the differences in 4-tert-OP toxicokinetics between sexes. These significant differences in the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of 4-tert-OP between sexes will be important for the scientific precision human risk assessment of 4-tert-OP.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Rats ; Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Sex Characteristics ; Phenols/toxicity ; Phenols/analysis ; Liver/chemistry ; Spleen ; Toxicokinetics
Chemical Substances	4-tert-octylphenol (IOY9FVU3J3) ; Phenols
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184557-3
ISSN	1879-3185 ; 0300-483X
ISSN (online)	1879-3185
ISSN	0300-483X
DOI	10.1016/j.tox.2024.153733
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Article ; Online: Envelope-Stress Sensing Mechanism of Rcs and Cpx Signaling Pathways in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Cho, Seung-Hyun / Dekoninck, Kilian / Collet, Jean-Francois

Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)

2023 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 317–329

Abstract: The global public health burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is intensified by Gram-negative bacteria, which have an additional membrane, the outer membrane (OM), outside of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Bacterial two-component systems ...

Abstract	The global public health burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is intensified by Gram-negative bacteria, which have an additional membrane, the outer membrane (OM), outside of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) aid in maintaining envelope integrity through a phosphorylation cascade by controlling gene expression through sensor kinases and response regulators. In Escherichia coli, the major TCSs defending cells from envelope stress and adaptation are Rcs and Cpx, which are aided by OM lipoproteins RcsF and NlpE as sensors, respectively. In this review, we focus on these two OM sensors. β-Barrel assembly machinery (BAM) inserts transmembrane OM proteins (OMPs) into the OM. BAM co-assembles RcsF, the Rcs sensor, with OMPs, forming the RcsF-OMP complex. Researchers have presented two models for stress sensing in the Rcs pathway. The first model suggests that LPS perturbation stress disassembles the RcsF-OMP complex, freeing RcsF to activate Rcs. The second model proposes that BAM cannot assemble RcsF into OMPs when the OM or PG is under specific stresses, and thus, the unassembled RcsF activates Rcs. These two models may not be mutually exclusive. Here, we evaluate these two models critically in order to elucidate the stress sensing mechanism. NlpE, the Cpx sensor, has an N-terminal (NTD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD). A defect in lipoprotein trafficking results in NlpE retention in the inner membrane, provoking the Cpx response. Signaling requires the NlpE NTD, but not the NlpE CTD; however, OM-anchored NlpE senses adherence to a hydrophobic surface, with the NlpE CTD playing a key role in this function.
MeSH term(s)	Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Lipoproteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Escherichia coli Proteins ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; rcsF protein, E coli ; NlpE protein, E coli ; Lipoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2012399-1
ISSN	1976-3794 ; 1225-8873
ISSN (online)	1976-3794
ISSN	1225-8873
DOI	10.1007/s12275-023-00030-y
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Article ; Online: Effects of Multimodal Rehabilitation on the Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life, and Burden of Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Hyun-Se Choi / Seung-Hyun Cho

Healthcare, Vol 10, Iss 10, p

A Randomized Control Study

2022 Volume 1888

Abstract	Background: Parkinson’s disease reduces patients’ function, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and increases their guardians’ burden of care. This study verified the effectiveness of a multimodal rehabilitation programme for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Trial design: This study was a multicentre parallel randomised controlled, single-blind, trial conducted in three hospitals in Korea. Methods: A central randomisation centre used computer generated tables to randomly allocate 60 of 75 patients with Parkinson’s disease who fulfilled the study requirements into experimental ( n = 30; multimodal rehabilitation; consisting of daily living training, guardian education, home environment modification, fine muscle exercise, balance training, and training using auxiliary tools performed 50 min per session, twice a week, in 10 sessions) and control ( n = 30; traditional rehabilitation; consisting of task-oriented training, joint exercise, and daily living training performed 50 min per session, twice a week, in 10 sessions) groups. Results: Multimodal rehabilitation for Parkinson’s disease significantly improved the activities of daily living ( p < 0.01) and quality of life of patients ( p < 0.001) and eased the guardians’ burden of care ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Multimodal rehabilitation is suggested to improve activities of daily living, quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease, and reduce the burden of care of their guardians.
Keywords	multimodal rehabilitation ; Parkinson’s disease ; elderly ; ADL ; QoL ; burden ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Q-rMinRank attack

Cho, Seong-Min / Seo, Seung-Hyun

The first quantum approach for key recovery attacks on Rainbow

2022

Abstract: Recent rank-based attacks have reduced the security of Rainbow below the security requirements set out by NIST by speeding up repeated kernel finding operations using classical mathematics techniques. If quantum algorithms are applied to perform these ... ...

Abstract	Recent rank-based attacks have reduced the security of Rainbow below the security requirements set out by NIST by speeding up repeated kernel finding operations using classical mathematics techniques. If quantum algorithms are applied to perform these repeated operations, the rank-based attacks may be more threatening and could dramatically lower the security level of Rainbow. In this paper, we propose a novel MinRank attack called Q-rMinRank attack, the first quantum approach to the key recovery attacks on Rainbow. By designing quantum circuits that can find the kernel, we achieved quadratic speedup for the MinRank attack to recover the private keys of Rainbow. We show that even the parameter set V of Rainbow does not meet the 128-bit security level, the minimum security requirement through our Q-rMinRank attack. It means that Rainbow is no longer secure in quantum computing environments. Comment: The paper has been withdrawn because the research work is still in progress
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	005
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: RTNH+

Kong, Seung-Hyun / Paek, Dong-Hee / Cho, Sangjae

Enhanced 4D Radar Object Detection Network using Combined CFAR-based Two-level Preprocessing and Vertical Encoding

2023

Abstract: Four-dimensional (4D) Radar is a useful sensor for 3D object detection and the relative radial speed estimation of surrounding objects under various weather conditions. However, since Radar measurements are corrupted with invalid components such as noise, ...

Abstract	Four-dimensional (4D) Radar is a useful sensor for 3D object detection and the relative radial speed estimation of surrounding objects under various weather conditions. However, since Radar measurements are corrupted with invalid components such as noise, interference, and clutter, it is necessary to employ a preprocessing algorithm before the 3D object detection with neural networks. In this paper, we propose RTNH+ that is an enhanced version of RTNH, a 4D Radar object detection network, by two novel algorithms. The first algorithm is the combined constant false alarm rate (CFAR)-based two-level preprocessing (CCTP) algorithm that generates two filtered measurements of different characteristics using the same 4D Radar measurements, which can enrich the information of the input to the 4D Radar object detection network. The second is the vertical encoding (VE) algorithm that effectively encodes vertical features of the road objects from the CCTP outputs. We provide details of the RTNH+, and demonstrate that RTNH+ achieves significant performance improvement of 10.14\% in ${{AP}_{3D}^{IoU=0.3}}$ and 16.12\% in ${{AP}_{3D}^{IoU=0.5}}$ over RTNH. Comment: Arxiv preprint
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Population Pharmacokinetic (Pop-PK) Analysis of Torsemide in Healthy Korean Males Considering CYP2C9 and OATP1B1 Genetic Polymorphisms.

Jeong, Seung-Hyun / Jang, Ji-Hun / Cho, Hea-Young / Lee, Yong-Bok

Pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4

Abstract: Torsemide is a diuretic drug used for several cardiovascular and chronic diseases. With regard to the clinical application of torsemide, studies on individualized pharmacotherapy and modeling that take variability in pharmacokinetics (PKs) within a ... ...

Abstract	Torsemide is a diuretic drug used for several cardiovascular and chronic diseases. With regard to the clinical application of torsemide, studies on individualized pharmacotherapy and modeling that take variability in pharmacokinetics (PKs) within a population into account have been rarely reported. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform population pharmacokinetic (Pop-PK) modeling and to identify effective covariates that could explain the inter-individual variability (IIV) of torsemide PK. Pop-PK modeling for torsemide was performed based on serum concentration data obtained from 112 healthy Korean males and analysis of various genetic and physicochemical parameters. Modeling was performed with nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) using Phoenix NLME. The finally developed model was fully verified. The model was also reconfirmed using NONMEM software. As a basic model, the PKs of torsemide within the population were well described by a two-compartment model reflecting the lag-time on oral absorption. According to the genetic polymorphisms of OATP1B1 and CYP2C9, significant associations were found in the V/F, CL/F, and CL
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics14040771
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Article ; Online: Human risk assessment of 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling: analysis of gender exposure differences and application to exposure analysis related to large exposure variability in population.

Jeong, Seung-Hyun / Jang, Ji-Hun / Cho, Hea-Young / Lee, Yong-Bok

Archives of toxicology

2022 Volume 96, Issue 10, Page(s) 2687–2715

Abstract: As a toxic substance, 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) or 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) is widely present in the environment. 4-n-NP is a single substance with a linear-alkyl side chain, but 4-NP usually refers to a random mixture containing various branched types. ... ...

Abstract	As a toxic substance, 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) or 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) is widely present in the environment. 4-n-NP is a single substance with a linear-alkyl side chain, but 4-NP usually refers to a random mixture containing various branched types. Unfortunately, human risk assessment and/or exposure level analysis for 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) were almost nonexistent, and related research was urgently needed. This study aimed to analyze the various exposures of 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) through development of a physiologically based-pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model considering gender difference in pharmacokinetics of 4-n-NP and its application to human risk assessment studies. A PBPK model was newly developed considering gender differences in 4-n-NP pharmacokinetics and applied to a human risk assessment for each gender. Exposure analysis was performed using a PBPK model that considered gender differences in 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) exposure and high variabilities in several countries. Furthermore, an extended application was attempted as a human risk assessment for random mixture 4-NP, which is difficult to accurately evaluate in reality. External-exposure and margin-of-safety estimated with the same internal exposure amount differed between genders, meaning the need for a differentiated risk assessment considering gender. Exposure analysis based on biomonitoring data confirmed large variability in exposure to 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) by country, group, and period. External-exposures estimated using PBPK model varied widely, ranging from 0.039 to 63.875 mg/kg/day (for 4-n-NP or 4-NP). By country, 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) exposure was higher in females than in males and the margin-of-safety tended to be low. Overall, exposure to 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) in populations was largely not safe, suggesting need for ongoing management and monitoring. Considering low in vivo accumulation confirmed by PBPK model, risk reduction of 4-n-NP is possible by reducing its use.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenols/pharmacokinetics ; Phenols/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Factors
Chemical Substances	Phenols ; nonylphenol (79F6A2ILP5) ; 4-nonylphenol (I03GBV4WEL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124992-7
ISSN	1432-0738 ; 0340-5761
ISSN (online)	1432-0738
ISSN	0340-5761
DOI	10.1007/s00204-022-03328-9
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