Article ; Online: Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2020 Volume 117, Issue 40, Page(s) 24620–24626
Abstract: The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, ... ...
| Abstract | The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Th2 Cells/physiology |
| Chemical Substances | Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-09-03 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 209104-5 |
| ISSN | 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424 |
| ISSN (online) | 1091-6490 |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2012358117 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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