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Article ; Online: Outcome following soft tissue coverage with a medial gastrocnemius flap of an exposed or infected total knee arthroplasty.

Wiberg, Rebecca / Mukka, Camilla / Backman, Olof / Stålhult, Göran / Edmundsson, David / Mukka, Sebastian

Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society

2023 Volume 112, Issue 3, Page(s) 173–179

Abstract: Background: Soft tissue defects or periprosthetic infections after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are severe complications that may lead to loss of the arthroplasty or the limb. Reconstructions with medial gastrocnemius flaps (MGF) are occasionally used ... ...

Abstract	Background: Soft tissue defects or periprosthetic infections after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are severe complications that may lead to loss of the arthroplasty or the limb. Reconstructions with medial gastrocnemius flaps (MGF) are occasionally used to provide soft tissue coverage around the knee. Aims: The study aimed to establish the rate of implant survivorship after MGF reconstruction for soft tissue coverage in the treatment of exposed or infected TKA and to establish functional outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients who received soft tissue coverage with an MGF of an exposed or infected TKA between 2000 and 2017 at the Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery at Umeå University Hospital. The outcomes were implant survivorship and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) using the five-level EQ-5D version and The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Results: Forty-seven patients (mean age = 67 years, 30 women) were included. The mean time between flap coverage and follow-up was 6.7 (±3.4) years. Implant survivorship was observed in 28 of 47 (59.6%) patients at follow-up. Flap failure was rare, with only 3 of 47 (6.4%) cases. Of the 20 patients who answered the PROMs, 10 of 20 experienced moderate to severe pain or discomfort. Conclusions: Due to unfavorable underlying conditions, MGF reconstruction after TKA is often associated with a compromised functional outcome. Because donor site morbidity is limited and flap failure is unusual, the procedure can be considered prophylactically in a small subset of patients with risk factors to prevent soft tissue defects and periprosthetic joint infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Muscle, Skeletal/transplantation ; Treatment Outcome ; Surgical Flaps ; Postoperative Complications/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2077691-3
ISSN	1799-7267 ; 1457-4969
ISSN (online)	1799-7267
ISSN	1457-4969
DOI	10.1177/14574969231175562
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Article ; Online: Reliability of thoracolumbar burst fracture classification in the Swedish Fracture Register.

Blixt, Simon / Burmeister, Fabian / Mukka, Sebastian / Bobinski, Lukas / Försth, Peter / Westin, Olof / Gerdhem, Paul

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 281

Abstract: Background: The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) is a national quality register for all types of fractures in Sweden. Spine fractures have been included since 2015 and are classified using a modified AOSpine classification. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) is a national quality register for all types of fractures in Sweden. Spine fractures have been included since 2015 and are classified using a modified AOSpine classification. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the classification of thoracolumbar burst fractures in the SFR. Methods: Assessments of medical images were conducted in 277 consecutive patients with a thoracolumbar burst fracture (T10-L3) identified in the SFR. Two independent reviewers classified the fractures according to the AOSpine classification, with a third reviewer resolving disagreement. The combined results of the reviewers were considered the gold standard. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the reviewers was determined with Cohen's kappa and percent agreement. The SFR classification was compared with the gold standard using positive predictive values (PPV), Cohen's kappa and percent agreement. Results: The reliability between reviewers was high (Cohen's kappa 0.70-0.97). The PPV for correctly classifying burst fractures in the SFR was high irrespective of physician experience (76-89%), treatment (82% non-operative, 95% operative) and hospital type (83% county, 95% university). The inter-rater reliability of B-type injuries and the overall SFR classification compared with the gold standard was low (Cohen's kappa 0.16 and 0.17 respectively). Conclusions: The SFR demonstrates a high PPV for accurately classifying burst fractures, regardless of physician experience, treatment and hospital type. However, the reliability of B-type injuries and overall classification in the SFR was found to be low. Future studies on burst fractures using SFR data where classification is important should include a review of medical images to verify the diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Fractures/epidemiology ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041355-5
ISSN	1471-2474 ; 1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
ISSN	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-024-07395-0
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Mortality of 3,983 Scapula Fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register.

Schmidt, Viktor / Mukka, Sebastian / Bergdahl, Carl / Ekholm, Carl / Brüggemann, Anders / Wolf, Olof

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery

2024

Abstract: Background: Scapula fractures are relatively uncommon, accounting for <1% of all fractures and approximately 3-5% of shoulder girdle fractures. This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology, fracture classification, treatment, and mortality ... ...

Abstract	Background: Scapula fractures are relatively uncommon, accounting for <1% of all fractures and approximately 3-5% of shoulder girdle fractures. This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology, fracture classification, treatment, and mortality associated with scapula fractures within a large adult Swedish population. Methods: This observational study included all patients ≥18 years old at the time of injury with a scapula fracture (ICD S42.1) registered in the Swedish Fracture Register between March 2011 and June 2020. Variables studied were age, sex, and injury mechanism, including energy level, fracture classification, associated fractures, treatment, and mortality. Results: We included 3,930 patients (mean age 58 years, SD 18, 64% men) with 3,973 scapula fractures. Some 22% of the fractures were caused by high-energy trauma and 21% had at least one associated fracture. High energy-injuries were most common in glenoid neck (44%) and scapular body (35%) fractures. However, same-level falls were the most common cause of glenoid rim (62%) and intra-articular glenoid (55%) fractures. Clavicle fractures (9%) and proximal humerus fractures (5%) were the most commonly associated fractures. The most common fracture types were the glenoid rim (n=1,289, 32%) and scapular body (n=1,098, 28%) fractures. Nonoperative treatment was performed in 81% of patients. Glenoid rim and intra-articular glenoid fractures were treated operatively in over 30% of cases. The mortality rate for the whole cohort was 4% at 1 year. Conclusions: Scapula fractures are predominately sustained by men. High energetic injuries and associated fractures are present in one in five patients. Nonoperative treatment is chosen in four of five patients, but for some fracture types one in three undergo surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1170782-3
ISSN	1532-6500 ; 1058-2746
ISSN (online)	1532-6500
ISSN	1058-2746
DOI	10.1016/j.jse.2024.03.024
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Article ; Online: Marginal secondary displacement in fractures of the distal radius at follow-up - an important predictor for late displacement and malunion.

Schmidt, Viktor / Mellstrand-Navarro, Cecilia / Mukka, Sebastian / Wadsten, Mats

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume

2023 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 524–531

Abstract: Treatment recommendations in fractures of the distal radius are often based on the degree of displacement and functional demands. The fracture may be within an acceptable radiological range, but a marginal deterioration in alignment then occurs between ... ...

Abstract	Treatment recommendations in fractures of the distal radius are often based on the degree of displacement and functional demands. The fracture may be within an acceptable radiological range, but a marginal deterioration in alignment then occurs between the initial visit and follow-up. This may pose a risk for late displacement that may require further treatment. We secondarily analysed prospectively collected data and included 165 patients. We found that marginal secondary displacement (odds ratio (OR) 9.7), anterior comminution (OR 8.8), loss of anterior apposition (OR 6.8) and dorsal comminution (OR 2.6) were predictors of late displacement. Marginal secondary displacement is an important predictor of late displacement and malunion in fractures of the distal radius. Clinicians should not unequivocally accept general guidelines on alignment but also assess a deterioration in fracture alignment on radiographic follow-up and be aware of the potential need for surgery to avoid malunion in cases that show early secondary displacement, even when radiographic measures are within acceptable limits.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Radius ; Radius Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Radius Fractures/surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Radiography ; Wrist Joint
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2272801-6
ISSN	2043-6289 ; 1753-1934
ISSN (online)	2043-6289
ISSN	1753-1934
DOI	10.1177/17531934221146063
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Article ; Online: Validity of the short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture.

Blixt, Simon / Mukka, Sebastian / Försth, Peter / Westin, Olof / Gerdhem, Paul

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

2023 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 1471–1479

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the use of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture.: Methods: Cross-sectional cohort of individuals that had sustained a spine fracture (C1-L5) ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the use of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture. Methods: Cross-sectional cohort of individuals that had sustained a spine fracture (C1-L5) one year earlier. Patients were asked to fill out SMFA, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to assess convergent validity for each patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess PROM agreement. Results: 82 patients completed all questionnaires. The correlations between SMFA Dysfunction and Bother indices and ODI were 0.89 and 0.86, with EQ-5D-3L index 0.89 and 0.80, and with EQ-VAS 0.80 and 0.73, respectively. The correlation for separate categories of the SMFA dysfunction index (daily activities, emotional status, arm and hand function, mobility) ranged between 0.71-0.87 for ODI, 0.72-0.84 for EQ-5D-3L index, and 0.67-0.77 for EQ-VAS. A selection of the ten items of SMFA that had the highest correlations with ODI resulted in a correlation of 0.91. The agreements between SMFA indices and ODI in Bland-Altman plots were good with small differential biases and minimal proportional biases, but worse for SMFA and EQ-5D-3L index and EQ-VAS. Conclusion: The SMFA indices are highly correlated with ODI in patients with a spine fracture. The Dysfunction index and Bother index, or selected SMFA items, may be used to assess outcome in patients with spine fractures as an alternative to ODI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Spinal Fractures/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Spine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1115375-1
ISSN	1432-0932 ; 0940-6719
ISSN (online)	1432-0932
ISSN	0940-6719
DOI	10.1007/s00586-023-07581-z
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, classification and treatment of patella fractures: an observational study of 3194 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register.

Kruse, Mark / Wolf, Olof / Mukka, Sebastian / Brüggemann, Anders

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society

2022 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 4727–4734

Abstract: Background: Basic epidemiological data on patella fractures derived from large nationwide and multicenter studies are scarce. This observational register study describes patient epidemiology, fracture classification and treatment of patella fractures in ...

Abstract	Background: Basic epidemiological data on patella fractures derived from large nationwide and multicenter studies are scarce. This observational register study describes patient epidemiology, fracture classification and treatment of patella fractures in adults in a Swedish population. Methods: We conducted an observational study on data derived from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) on all patella fractures classified as non-periprosthetic and non-pathological, registered between 2014 and 2018 in individuals aged ≥ 18years. Epidemiological data on sex, age, side, seasonal variation, trauma mechanism, fracture classification (according to AO/OTA), and treatment were analyzed. Results: 3194 patella fractures were analyzed, occurring at a median age of 67 (range 19-100) years. 64% of all patients were female. Most fractures were caused by low-energy trauma, with 70% due to falling from a standing height. 1796 (56%) of the fractures were transverse compared to 845 (26%) vertical fractures. Most fractures (N=2148, 67%) were treated non-operatively. Operative treatment consisted mainly of Tension Band Wiring (TBW) performed in 774 (24%) patients. Conclusions: Patella fractures mainly occur in elderly women (> 65 years), commonly caused by low-energy trauma. The main treatment is non-operative (67%), except for transverse (AO/OTA C3) fractures. TBW remains the most used operative treatment of choice. These results may help health care providers, researchers and clinicians better understand the panorama of patella fractures in Sweden.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; Patella/injuries ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Registries ; Fractures, Bone/therapy ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Knee Injuries/epidemiology ; Knee Injuries/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2275480-5
ISSN	1863-9941 ; 1863-9933
ISSN (online)	1863-9941
ISSN	1863-9933
DOI	10.1007/s00068-022-01993-0
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Zs.A 1221: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Reoperation-free survival after hip screws or hip arthroplasty for undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

Wolf, Olof / Ghukasyan Lakic, Tatevik / Ljungdahl, Johan / Sundkvist, Jonas / Möller, Michael / Rogmark, Cecilia / Mukka, Sebastian / Hailer, Nils P

Bone & joint open

2024 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–93

Abstract: Aims: Our primary aim was to assess reoperation-free survival at one year after the index injury in patients aged ≥ 75 years treated with internal fixation (IF) or arthroplasty for undisplaced femoral neck fractures (uFNFs). Secondary outcomes were ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Our primary aim was to assess reoperation-free survival at one year after the index injury in patients aged ≥ 75 years treated with internal fixation (IF) or arthroplasty for undisplaced femoral neck fractures (uFNFs). Secondary outcomes were reoperations and mortality analyzed separately. Methods: We retrieved data on all patients aged ≥ 75 years with an uFNF registered in the Swedish Fracture Register from 2011 to 2018. The database was linked to the Swedish Arthroplasty Register and the National Patient Register to obtain information on comorbidity, mortality, and reoperations. Our primary outcome, reoperation, or death at one year was analyzed using restricted mean survival time, which gives the mean time to either event for each group separately. Results: Overall, 3,909 patients presenting with uFNFs were included. Of these patients, 3,604 were treated with IF and 305 with primary arthroplasty. There were no relevant differences in age, sex, or comorbidities between groups. In the IF group 58% received cannulated screws and 39% hook pins. In the arthroplasty group 81% were treated with hemiarthroplasty and 19% with total hip arthroplasty. At one year, 32% were dead or had been reoperated in both groups. The reoperation-free survival time over one year of follow-up was 288 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 284 to 292) in the IF group and 279 days (95% CI 264 to 295) in the arthroplasty group, with p = 0.305 for the difference. Mortality was 26% in the IF group and 31% in the arthroplasty group at one year. Reoperation rates were 7.1% in the IF group and 2.3% in the arthroplasty group. Conclusion: In older patients with a uFNF, reoperation-free survival at one year seems similar, regardless of whether IF or arthroplasty is the primary surgery. However, this comparison depends on the choice of follow-up time in that reoperations were more common after IF. In contrast, we found more early deaths after arthroplasty. Our study calls for a randomized trial comparing these two methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2633-1462
ISSN (online)	2633-1462
DOI	10.1302/2633-1462.52.BJO-2023-0143.R1
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Article ; Online: Age, sex, primary tumor type and site are associated with mortality after pathological fractures: an observational study of 1453 patients from the Swedish Fracture Register.

Wänman, Johan / Kjartansdóttir, Sonja / Wolf, Olof / Sundkvist, Jonas / Wennergren, David / Mukka, Sebastian

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 150

Abstract: Background: Pathological fractures are challenging in orthopedic surgery and oncology, with implications for the patient's quality of life, mobility and mortality. The efficacy of oncological treatment on life expectancy for cancer patients has improved, ...

Abstract	Background: Pathological fractures are challenging in orthopedic surgery and oncology, with implications for the patient's quality of life, mobility and mortality. The efficacy of oncological treatment on life expectancy for cancer patients has improved, but the metastatic pattern for bone metastases and survival is diverse for different tumor types. This study aimed to evaluate survival in relation to age, sex, primary tumor and site of the pathological fractures. Methods: All pathological fractures due to cancer between 1 September 2014 and 31 December 2021 were included in this observational study from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). Data on age, sex, tumor type, fracture site and mortality were collected. Results: A total of 1453 patients with pathological fractures were included (48% women, median age 73, range 18-100 years). Unknown primary tumors were the most common primary site (n = 308). The lower extremities were the most common site of pathological fractures. Lung cancer had the shortest median survival of 78 days (range 54-102), and multiple myeloma had the longest median survival of 432 days (range 232-629). The site at the lower extremity had the shortest (187 days, range 162-212), and the spine had the longest survival (386 days, range 211-561). Age, sex, primary type and site of the pathological fractures were all associated with mortality. Interpretation: Age, sex, primary tumor type and site of pathological fractures were associated with survival. Survival time is short and correlated with primary tumor type, with lung cancer as the strongest negative predictor of survival.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Quality of Life ; Sweden ; Fractures, Bone ; Lung Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2252548-8
ISSN	1749-799X ; 1749-799X
ISSN (online)	1749-799X
ISSN	1749-799X
DOI	10.1186/s13018-023-03620-z
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Article ; Online: Association of depressive disorders and dementia with mortality among older people with hip fracture.

Olofsson, Erika / Gustafson, Yngve / Mukka, Sebastian / Tengman, Eva / Lindgren, Lenita / Olofsson, Birgitta

BMC geriatrics

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 135

Abstract: Background: Hip fracture (HF) is a significant cause of mortality among older people. Almost half of the patients with HF have dementia, which increases the mortality risk further. Cognitive impairment is associated with depressive disorders (DDs) and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hip fracture (HF) is a significant cause of mortality among older people. Almost half of the patients with HF have dementia, which increases the mortality risk further. Cognitive impairment is associated with depressive disorders (DDs) and both dementia and DDs are independent risk factors for poor outcome after HF. However, most studies that evaluate mortality risk after HF separate these conditions. Aims: To investigate whether dementia with depressive disorders (DDwD) affects the mortality risk at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people. Methods: Patients with acute HF (n = 404) were included in this retrospective analysis of two randomized controlled trials performed in orthopedic and geriatric departments. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. A consultant geriatrician made final depressive disorder and dementia diagnoses using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, with support from assessments and medical records. The 12-, 24- and 36-month mortality after HF was analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for covariates. Results: In analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, pre-fracture walking ability, and fracture type, patients with DDwD had increased mortality risks at 12 [odds ratio (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-12.51], 24 (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.71-7.60), and 36 (OR 4.53, 95% CI 2.24-9.14) months. Similar results were obtained for patients with dementia, but not depressive disorders, alone. Conclusion: DDwD is an important risk factor for increased mortality at 12, 24, and 36 months after HF among older people. Routinely assessments after HF for cognitive- and depressive disorders could identify patients at risk for increased mortality, and enable early interventions. Trial registration: RCT2: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register, trial registration number: ISRCTN15738119.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Comorbidity ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Hip Fractures/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-023-03862-w
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Article ; Online: Association Between Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes Following Distal Radial Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study with 1-Year Follow-up in 366 Patients.

Schmidt, Viktor / Gordon, Max / Tägil, Magnus / Sayed-Noor, Arkan / Mukka, Sebastian / Wadsten, Mats

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume

2023 Volume 105, Issue 15, Page(s) 1156–1167

Abstract: Background: Several studies of distal radial fractures have investigated final displacement and its association with clinical outcomes. There is still no consensus on the importance of radiographic outcomes, and published studies have not used the same ... ...

Abstract	Background: Several studies of distal radial fractures have investigated final displacement and its association with clinical outcomes. There is still no consensus on the importance of radiographic outcomes, and published studies have not used the same criteria for acceptable alignment. Previous reports have involved the use of linear or dichotomized analyses. Methods: The present study included 438 patients who were managed with either reduction and cast immobilization or surgery for the treatment of distal radial fractures. Radiographic outcomes were determined on the basis of radiographs that were made 3 months after the injury. Clinical outcome was determined on the basis of the QuickDASH (an abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] questionnaire) score, range of motion, and grip strength at 1 year after the injury. Nonlinear relations were analyzed with cubic splines. Results: Three hundred and sixty-six patients (84%) had both radiographic and clinical follow-up. Seventy patients were lost to follow-up. The mean age was 57 years (range, 18 to 75 years), and 79% of the patients were female. Dorsal tilt was the radiographic parameter that was most strongly associated with the QuickDASH score, grip strength, and range of motion. We found nonlinear relations. Clinical outcomes were found to worsen with increasing dorsal tilt, with the cutoff value being approximately 5°. Conclusions: We found that clinical outcomes following distal radial fractures have a nonlinear relationship with dorsal tilt, with worse outcomes being associated with increasing dorsal tilt. The decline in clinical outcome starts at 5°, but there is unlikely to be a noticeable difference in capability as measured with the QuickDASH until 20° of dorsal tilt (based on the minimum clinically important difference) in a population up to 75 years old. Level of evidence: Diagnostic Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Radius Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Radius Fractures/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Wrist Fractures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Bone Plates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	220625-0
ISSN	1535-1386 ; 0021-9355
ISSN (online)	1535-1386
ISSN	0021-9355
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.22.01096
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