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Article: Influence of varying concentrations of TiO

Razzaq, Luqman / Abbas, Muhammad Mujtaba / Waseem, Ahsan / Jauhar, Tahir Abbas / Fayaz, H / Kalam, M A / Soudagar, Manzoor Elahi M / A S Silitonga / Samr-Ul-Husnain / Ishtiaq, Usama

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e17758

Abstract: For a few decades now fast depleting fossil fuels has been a major challenge. Fast expanding population and increased rate of urbanization has increased energy demand. This makes the current scenario worse. Fossil fuels' emissions are another challenge. ... ...

Abstract	For a few decades now fast depleting fossil fuels has been a major challenge. Fast expanding population and increased rate of urbanization has increased energy demand. This makes the current scenario worse. Fossil fuels' emissions are another challenge. Apart from fossil fuel emissions, the untreated disposal of waste cooking oil presents another environment's sustainability challenge. The treatment of waste cooking oil as fuel presents a tangible solution to challenge. In this research article, impact of the engine speed and the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17758
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles and engine speed on the performance and emissions of diesel engine operated on waste cooking oil biodiesel blends using response surface methodology

Luqman Razzaq / Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas / Ahsan Waseem / Tahir Abbas Jauhar / H. Fayaz / M.A. Kalam / Manzoor Elahi M. Soudagar / A.S.Silitonga / Samr-Ul-Husnain / Usama Ishtiaq

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 7, Pp e17758- (2023)

2023

Abstract	For a few decades now fast depleting fossil fuels has been a major challenge. Fast expanding population and increased rate of urbanization has increased energy demand. This makes the current scenario worse. Fossil fuels' emissions are another challenge. Apart from fossil fuel emissions, the untreated disposal of waste cooking oil presents another environment’s sustainability challenge. The treatment of waste cooking oil as fuel presents a tangible solution to challenge. In this research article, impact of the engine speed and the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in diesel-biodiesel blended fuels on the engine’s performance. The emission characteristics of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine has also been examined. TiO2 NPs were produced by a sol-gel methodology. The diesel-biodiesel combination was fortified with TiO2 NPs at 40, 80 and 120 ppm. These mixtures were used to power the diesel engine, which was then run at 1150, 1400, 1650, 1900 and 2150 RPM. Interaction between engine speeds and nanoparticle concentrations and investigation of their combined effect on engine performance and emissions was done using response surface methodology. The minimum BSFC of 0.33994 kg/kWh and maximum BTE of 25.90% were found for B30 + 120 ppm biodiesel blend at 2150 rpm as compared to all other tested fuels. The emissions including CO and HC emissions were recorded as 25.61486 kg/kWh and 0.05289kg/kWh respectively at 2150 rpm for B30 + 120 ppm biodiesel blend while NOx on the contrary side exhibits a slight escalation with increasing engine speed and nanoparticles concentration. The findings of the experiments demonstrated that adding TiO2 nanoparticles to diesel–biodiesel blends is an effective way to enhance the performance of diesel engines while simultaneously reducing the emissions. It was also discovered that the mathematical model that was built can efficiently estimate the performance of the engine and the emission levels.
Keywords	Biodiesel ; Nanoparticles ; Waste cooking oil ; Response surface methodology ; Engine performance and emissions ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Performance prediction of polymer-fullerene organic solar cells and data mining-assisted designing of new polymers.

Xiao, Fei / Saqib, Muhammad / Razzaq, Soha / Mubashir, Tayyaba / Tahir, Mudassir Hussain / Moussa, Ihab Mohamed / El-Ansary, Hosam O

Journal of molecular modeling

2023 Volume 29, Issue 8, Page(s) 270

Abstract: Context: Selecting high performance polymer materials for organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a compelling goal to improve device morphology, stability, and efficiency. To achieve these goals, machine learning has been reported as a powerful set of ... ...

Abstract	Context: Selecting high performance polymer materials for organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a compelling goal to improve device morphology, stability, and efficiency. To achieve these goals, machine learning has been reported as a powerful set of algorithms/techniques to solve complex problems and help/guide exploratory researchers to screen, map, and develop high performance materials. In present work, we have applied machine learning tools to screen data from reported studies and designed new polymer acceptor materials, respectively. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were generated using machine learning-assisted simulation techniques. For this purpose, 3000 molecular descriptors are generated. Consequently, molecular descriptors having key effect on power conversion efficiency (PCE) were identified. Moreover, numerous regression models (e.g., random forest and bagging regressor models) were developed to predict the PCE. In particular, new materials were designed based on the similarity analysis. The GDB17 chemical database consisting of 166 million organic molecules in an ordered form is used for performing similarity analysis. A similarity behavior between GDB17 materials and the materials reported in literature is studied using RDKit (a cheminformatics software). Noteworthily, 100 monomers proved to be unique and effective, and PCEs of these monomers are predicted. Among these monomers, four monomers exhibited PCE higher than 14%, which is better than various reported studies. Our methodology provides a unique, time- and cost-efficient approach to screening and designing new polymers for OSCs using similarity analysis without revisiting the reported studies. Methods: To perform machine learning analysis, data from reported studies and online databases was collected. Different molecular descriptors were generated for polymer materials utilizing Dragon software. 3D structures of studied molecules were applied as input (SDF; structure data file format). Importantly, about 3000 molecular descriptors were generated. Comma-separated value (.csv) file format was used to export these molecular descriptors. To shortlist best descriptors, univariate regression analysis was performed. These descriptors were further utilized for training machine learning models. Moreover, necessary packages of Python for data analysis and visualization were imported such as Matplotlib, Numpy, Pandas, Scikit-learn, Seaborn, and Scipy. Random forest and bagging regressor models were applied for performing machine learning analysis. A cheminformatics software, RDKit, was applied for similarity analysis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1284729-X
ISSN	0948-5023 ; 1610-2940
ISSN (online)	0948-5023
ISSN	1610-2940
DOI	10.1007/s00894-023-05677-3
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Injectable Medication Procedure on the Level of Pain among Early Childhood patients

Farida A. K. Tahir / Pary M. Azize / Aram N. Abdul Razzaq

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (2019)

2019

Abstract: Abstract Children are often exposed to painful procedures during hospitalization. Validated age appropriate scales are available to assess pain among pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of injectable medication procedure ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Children are often exposed to painful procedures during hospitalization. Validated age appropriate scales are available to assess pain among pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of injectable medication procedure on the level of pain among early childhood patients. This descriptive cross -sectional study was designed to assess the physiological and behavioral characteristic of pain using CRIES pain rating scale for both medical and surgical conditions, which contains (cry, spo2, heart rate, facial expression and sleep pattern). The study has been conducted for twelve weeks duration in the pediatric wards at medical and surgical hospitals in the Sulaimani city – Kurdistan region of Iraq between 1st March to 1st Jun 2019. Fifty early childhood aged between (1 month- 3years) were participated and assessed pre injectable medication procedure and after. CRIES pain scales were applied to the children and show that there are highly significant differences between pain and the physiological, behavior characteristics between pre and after the procedure in the p-value < .00001 such as crying was developed from high pitch crying to inconsolable in post-procedure. Consumption of O2 also increased. In terms of heart rate was increased up to 20% than baseline, while, in the post-procedure, the change was more than 20% of the baseline. Facial expression was also changed to contracted face in the post procedure. Sleeping from short interval to absent sleeping was shown. Significant variation between pre and post-procedure were assessed. Further variation between medical and surgical condition for mean score of every scale of CRIES were assessed. The implications of this study will impact on health professional’s education; practice and future research are also recommending.
Keywords	pain ; CRIES ; pain rating tools ; consequence of pain. Physiological sign ; behavioral sign ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sulaimani Polytechnic University
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Public awareness regarding the manufacturer provided information about medicine usage, safety, and adverse drug reactions in Balochistan, Pakistan.

Khan, Gullab / Haq, Noman / Ahmad, Nafees / Nasim, Aqeel / Javaid, Asma / Saood, Mujhammad / Yasmin, Riffat / Tahir, Maria / Riaz, Sohail / Danish, Zeeshan / Razzaq, Ghulam / Khan, Abdullah / Younis, Muhammad / Rabbani, Tahmina

Frontiers in pharmacology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1190741

Abstract: Objectives: ...

Abstract	Objectives:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2023.1190741
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of medication errors in patients with kidney diseases in Quetta, Pakistan.

Bano, Tahira / Haq, Noman / Nasim, Aqeel / Saood, Muhammad / Tahir, Maria / Yasmin, Riffat / Ahmed, Nisar / Razzaq, Ghulam / Qudos, Shabana / Zarkoon, Abdul Kareem / Shafi, Muhammad

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0289148

Abstract: Background: Medication errors represent a significant challenge in healthcare, as they can lead to enduring harm for patients and impose substantial financial burdens on the healthcare system. To effectively mitigate medication errors, it is imperative ... ...

Abstract	Background: Medication errors represent a significant challenge in healthcare, as they can lead to enduring harm for patients and impose substantial financial burdens on the healthcare system. To effectively mitigate medication errors, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of their frequency and the contributing variables. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of medication errors among patients with kidney diseases in Quetta, Pakistan. Methods: The objective of this study was to assess medication errors in patients diagnosed with kidney diseases in Quetta, Pakistan. The research was conducted at the Balochistan Institute of Nephro-Urology Quetta (BINUQ) Hospital, which serves as a tertiary care center specializing in the treatment of kidney diseases. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed over a period of six months. The study population consisted of patients admitted to the Nephro-urology wards at BINUQ Hospital during the specified duration. Data collection encompassed various methodologies, including checklist-guided observation, review of prescription order forms, documentation of drug administration, and comprehensive analysis of patient medical records. Descriptive and analytical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23. Univariate analysis was employed to identify independent variables associated with medication errors, employing a significance level of p<0.01. The multivariate logistic regression analysis incorporated variables that exhibited a significant association with medication errors during the univariate analysis. Only those variables demonstrating a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence level were considered significant predictors of medication administration errors within the final multivariate model. Results: Among the 274 medication errors identified in the study, documentation errors accounted for 118 cases (12.06%), administration errors for 97 cases (9.91%), prescribing errors for 34 cases (3.47%), and dispensing errors for 25 cases (2.55%). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations (p<0.05) between forgetfulness and duty shift, and medication errors in the documentation process. Similarly, inattention was significantly associated (p<0.05) with both prescribing and dispensing errors. Furthermore, the number of medications received emerged as the most influential factor associated with medication errors. Patients receiving 4-6 medications exhibited an odds ratio of 9.08 (p<0.001) compared to patients receiving 1-3 medications, while patients receiving more than 6 medications had an odds ratio of 4.23 (p<0.001) in relation to patients receiving 1-3 medications. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study determined that documentation errors were the most prevalent medication errors observed in patients with kidney disease in Quetta, Pakistan. Forgetfulness and duty shift were associated with documentation errors, whereas inattention was linked to prescribing and dispensing errors. The significant risk factor for medication errors was found to be a high number of prescribed medications. Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing medication errors should prioritize enhancements in documentation practices, alleviating medication burden, and increasing awareness among healthcare providers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pakistan ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Medication Errors ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Checklist ; Kidney Diseases
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289148
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Article ; Online: Efficiency Enhancement by Insertion of ZnO Recombination Barrier Layer in CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Razzaq, Abdul / Zafar, Muhammad / Saif, Tahir / Lee, Jun Young / Park, Jung Ki / Kim, Woo Young

Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 7, Page(s) 3800–3805

Abstract: In this investigation we report the formation of thin ZnO recombination barrier layer at TiO₂/CdS interface aimed for the improvement in performance of CdS sensitized solar cell. The film was deposited upon nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ surface by ... ...

Abstract	In this investigation we report the formation of thin ZnO recombination barrier layer at TiO₂/CdS interface aimed for the improvement in performance of CdS sensitized solar cell. The film was deposited upon nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ surface by following a simple chemical process and characterized, using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron dispersive X-ray measurements. The insertion of ZnO thin layer enhances the QDSC (Quantum dot sensitized solar cell) performance, contributed mainly by an increase in open circuit voltage (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1533-4899
ISSN (online)	1533-4899
DOI	10.1166/jnn.2021.19234
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Article ; Online: Facile Synthesis of Transparent Glass Surfaces via Hydrothermal Route for Superhydrophobic Performance.

Fatima, Umbreen / Zafar, Muhammad / Khan, Asad Ullah / Saif, Tahir / Razzaq, Abdul / Kim, Woo Young

Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 4824–4829

Abstract: A facile and peculiar synthesis strategy is designed for the fabrication of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces on simple glass substrate. The synthesis methodology comprises of two steps of hydrothermal treatment of cleaned glass substrate with ... ...

Abstract	A facile and peculiar synthesis strategy is designed for the fabrication of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces on simple glass substrate. The synthesis methodology comprises of two steps of hydrothermal treatment of cleaned glass substrate with ultrapure water as a solvent followed by coating of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perflourooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) also by hydrothermal treatment in hydrothermal reactor. The hydrothermal treatment of glass substrate lead to the nanostructured surface morphology consisting of nanofibers and a blend of nanofibers/nanoflakes. Aforesaid nanostructured surface morphology upon hydrophobic coating resulted in superhydrophobic properties, increasing the water contact angle (WCA) from 92.0° to as high as 145.3°. Moreover, the developed synthesis approach also resulted in the optical transparent superhydrophobic glass substrate thus offering an attractive methodology to employ for self-cleaning applications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1533-4899
ISSN (online)	1533-4899
DOI	10.1166/jnn.2021.19266
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Article ; Online: Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment

Luqman Razzaq / Muhammad Farooq / M. A. Mujtaba / Farooq Sher / Muhammad Farhan / Muhammad Tahir Hassan / Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar / A. E. Atabani / M. A. Kalam / Muhammad Imran

Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 5186, p

2020 Volume 5186

Abstract: Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their ... ...

Abstract	Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °С and 40 °С, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock’s including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density model and 1.85%, 1.41%, 3.48% and 2.27%, 1.85%, 3.50% for viscosity models were obtained on % volume and % mass basis. These developed correlations are useful for ternary biodiesel blends where alcohols are the part of biodiesel blends. The modeled values of densities and viscosities of ternary blends were significantly comparable with the measured densities and viscosities, which are feasible to avoid the harm of vehicles’ operability.
Keywords	ternary blends ; biodiesel ; diesel ; ethanol ; models ; density ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel

Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar / Haris Mahmood Khan / T. M. Yunus Khan / Luqman Razzaq / Tahir Asif / M. A. Mujtaba / Abrar Hussain / Muhammad Farooq / Waqar Ahmed / Kiran Shahapurkar / Azham Alwi / T. M. Ibrahim / Usama Ishtiaq / Ashraf Elfasakhany / Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig / Mohammad Shahab Goodarzi / Mohammad Reza Safaei

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 7071, p

2021 Volume 7071

Abstract: In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of ... ...

Abstract	In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO 2 (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NO x (9%) emissions.
Keywords	biodiesel ; moringa oleifera methyl ester ; compression ignition engine ; transesterification ; performance and emission characteristics ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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