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Article ; Online: The fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part I-Forelimb.

Bishop, Peter J / Pierce, Stephanie E

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)

2023 Volume 307, Issue 5, Page(s) 1764–1825

Abstract: This paper is the first in a two-part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the forelimb. ... ...

Abstract	This paper is the first in a two-part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the forelimb. Understanding forelimb muscular anatomy in extinct synapsids, and how this changed on the line to mammals, can provide important perspective for interpreting skeletal and functional evolution in this lineage, and how the diversity of forelimb functions in extant mammals arose. This study surveyed the osteological evidence for muscular attachments in extinct mammalian and nonmammalian synapsids, two extinct amniote outgroups, and a large selection of extant mammals, saurians, and salamanders. Observations were integrated into an explicit phylogenetic framework, comprising 73 character-state complexes covering all muscles crossing the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. These were coded for 33 operational taxonomic units spanning >330 Ma of tetrapod evolution, and ancestral state reconstruction was used to evaluate the sequence of muscular evolution along the stem lineage from Amniota to Theria. In addition to producing a comprehensive documentation of osteological evidence for muscle attachments in extinct synapsids, this work has clarified homology hypotheses across disparate taxa and helped resolve competing hypotheses of muscular anatomy in extinct species. The evolutionary history of mammalian forelimb musculature was a complex and nonlinear narrative, punctuated by multiple instances of convergence and concentrated phases of anatomical transformation. More broadly, this study highlights the great insight that a fossil-based perspective can provide for understanding the assembly of novel body plans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Phylogeny ; Fossils ; Biological Evolution ; Mammals/physiology ; Forelimb/anatomy & histology ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269667-2
ISSN	1932-8494 ; 1932-8486
ISSN (online)	1932-8494
ISSN	1932-8486
DOI	10.1002/ar.25312
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Article ; Online: The fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part II-Hindlimb.

Bishop, Peter J / Pierce, Stephanie E

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)

2023 Volume 307, Issue 5, Page(s) 1826–1896

Abstract: This paper is the second in a two-part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the hindlimb. ... ...

Abstract	This paper is the second in a two-part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the hindlimb. Although the hindlimb skeleton did not undergo as marked a transformation on the line to mammals as did the forelimb skeleton, the anatomy of extant tetrapods indicates that major changes to musculature have nonetheless occurred. To better understand these changes, this study surveyed the osteological evidence for muscular attachments in extinct mammalian and nonmammalian synapsids, two extinct amniote outgroups, and a large selection of extant mammals, saurians, and salamanders. Observations were integrated into an explicit phylogenetic framework, comprising 80 character-state complexes covering all muscles crossing the hip, knee, and ankle joints. These were coded for 33 operational taxonomic units spanning >330 Ma of tetrapod evolution, and ancestral state reconstruction was used to evaluate the sequence of muscular evolution along the stem lineage from Amniota to Theria. The evolutionary history of mammalian hindlimb musculature was complex, nonlinear, and protracted, with several instances of convergence and pulses of anatomical transformation that continued well into the crown group. Numerous traits typically regarded as characteristically "mammalian" have much greater antiquity than previously recognized, and for some traits, most synapsids are probably more reflective of the ancestral amniote condition than are extant saurians. More broadly, this study highlights the utility of the fossil record in interpreting the evolutionary appearance of distinctive anatomies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution ; Fossils ; Mammals/physiology ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Muscles ; Knee Joint/anatomy & histology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269667-2
ISSN	1932-8494 ; 1932-8486
ISSN (online)	1932-8494
ISSN	1932-8486
DOI	10.1002/ar.25310
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Article: Sample size determination for external pilot cluster randomised trials with binary feasibility outcomes: a tutorial.

Hemming, K / Taljaard, M / Gkini, E / Bishop, J

Pilot and feasibility studies

2023 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 163

Abstract: Justifying sample size for a pilot trial is a reporting requirement, but few pilot trials report a clear rationale for their chosen sample size. Unlike full-scale trials, pilot trials should not be designed to test effectiveness, and so, conventional ... ...

Abstract	Justifying sample size for a pilot trial is a reporting requirement, but few pilot trials report a clear rationale for their chosen sample size. Unlike full-scale trials, pilot trials should not be designed to test effectiveness, and so, conventional sample size justification approaches do not apply. Rather, pilot trials typically specify a range of primary and secondary feasibility objectives. Often, these objectives relate to estimation of parameters that inform the sample size justification for the full-scale trial, many of which are binary. These binary outcomes are referred to as "feasibility outcomes" and include expected prevalence of the primary trial outcome, primary outcome availability, or recruitment or retention proportions.For pilot cluster trials, sample size calculations depend on the number of clusters, the cluster sizes, the anticipated intra-cluster correlation coefficient for the feasibility outcome and the anticipated proportion for that outcome. Of key importance is the intra-cluster correlation coefficient for the feasibility outcome. It has been suggested that correlations for feasibility outcomes are larger than for clinical outcomes measuring effectiveness. Yet, there is a dearth of information on realised values for these correlations.In this tutorial, we demonstrate how to justify sample size in external pilot cluster trials where the objective is to estimate a binary feasibility outcome. We provide sample size calculation formulae for a variety of scenarios, make available an R Shiny app for implementation, and compile a report of intra-cluster correlations for feasibility outcomes from a convenience sample. We demonstrate that unless correlations are very low, external pilot cluster trials can be made more efficient by including more clusters and fewer observations per cluster.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809935-7
ISSN	2055-5784
ISSN	2055-5784
DOI	10.1186/s40814-023-01384-1
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Book ; Online: H3 Facilitation Cascades in Marine Ecosystems

Bulleri, Fabio / Thomsen, Mads S. / Bishop, Melanie J. / Altieri, Andrew H. / Angelini, Christine / Gribben, Paul E.

2019

Abstract: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, ... ...

Abstract	Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities
Keywords	Geology
Size	1 electronic resource (44 pages)
Publisher	Taylor and Francis
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020307548
ISBN	9780367134150 ; 9780429026379 ; 0367134152 ; 0429026374
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Individual-based landscape genomics for conservation: An analysis pipeline.

Chambers, E Anne / Bishop, Anusha P / Wang, Ian J

Molecular ecology resources

2023

Abstract: Landscape genomics can harness environmental and genetic data to inform conservation decisions by providing essential insights into how landscapes shape biodiversity. The massive increase in genetic data afforded by the genomic era provides exceptional ... ...

Abstract	Landscape genomics can harness environmental and genetic data to inform conservation decisions by providing essential insights into how landscapes shape biodiversity. The massive increase in genetic data afforded by the genomic era provides exceptional resolution for answering critical conservation genetics questions. The accessibility of genomic data for non-model systems has also enabled a shift away from population-based sampling to individual-based sampling, which now provides accurate and robust estimates of genetic variation that can be used to examine the spatial structure of genomic diversity, population connectivity and the nature of environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the adoption of individual-based sampling in conservation genetics has been slowed due, in large part, to concerns over how to apply methods developed for population-based sampling to individual-based sampling schemes. Here, we discuss the benefits of individual-based sampling for conservation and describe how landscape genomic methods, paired with individual-based sampling, can answer fundamental conservation questions. We have curated key landscape genomic methods into a user-friendly, open-source workflow, which we provide as a new R package, A Landscape Genomics Analysis Toolkit in R (algatr). The algatr package includes novel added functionality for all of the included methods and extensive vignettes designed with the primary goal of making landscape genomic approaches more accessible and explicitly applicable to conservation biology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2406833-0
ISSN	1755-0998 ; 1755-098X
ISSN (online)	1755-0998
ISSN	1755-098X
DOI	10.1111/1755-0998.13884
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Article ; Online: Does Forgiveness Enhance Or Detract From Relationship Quality Among Sexual Abuse Survivors?

Fitzgerald, Michael / Wright, Lindsay E / Bishop, Alex J

Journal of child sexual abuse

2023 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 455–474

Abstract: Many women experience childhood sexual abuse (CSA) during their childhood and CSA often negatively impacts adult's romantic relationships. Consequently, it is important to understand the protective factors that buffer against the detrimental impact of ... ...

Abstract	Many women experience childhood sexual abuse (CSA) during their childhood and CSA often negatively impacts adult's romantic relationships. Consequently, it is important to understand the protective factors that buffer against the detrimental impact of CSA on the quality of women's romantic relationships. Forgiveness may be one such factor. The current study looked at trait forgiveness as a moderator of CSA and overall relationship quality, positive relationship quality, and negative relationship quality. A sample of 171 women completed an online survey. Using hierarchical regression, forgiveness was found to moderate the association between CSA and overall relationship quality and negative relationship quality, but not positive relationship quality. Findings indicate that the interaction between CSA and forgiveness was significant, but higher levels of forgiveness actually decreased overall relationship quality and increased negative relationship quality. The relationship between CSA and overall reports of relationship quality and negative relationship quality were stable at low levels of forgiveness, but when forgiveness was high overall relationship quality decreased and negative relationship quality increased. CSA was also directly associated with lower levels of positive relationship quality. Findings from the study indicate continued conceptual refinement when considering CSA, forgiveness, and relationship quality.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Forgiveness ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors ; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1158969-3
ISSN	1547-0679 ; 1053-8712
ISSN (online)	1547-0679
ISSN	1053-8712
DOI	10.1080/10538712.2023.2174469
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Article ; Online: Synchronization and alignment of model oscillators based on Quincke rotation.

Zhang, Zhengyan / Bishop, Kyle J M

Physical review. E

2023 Volume 107, Issue 5-1, Page(s) 54603

Abstract: Colloidal spheres in weakly conductive fluids roll back and forth across the surface of a plane electrode when subject to strong electric fields. The so-called Quincke oscillators provide a basis for active matter based on self-oscillating units that can ...

Abstract	Colloidal spheres in weakly conductive fluids roll back and forth across the surface of a plane electrode when subject to strong electric fields. The so-called Quincke oscillators provide a basis for active matter based on self-oscillating units that can move, align, and synchronize within dynamic particle assemblies. Here, we develop a dynamical model for oscillations of a spherical particle and investigate the coupled dynamics of two such oscillators in the plane normal to the field. Building on existing descriptions of Quincke rotation, the model describes the dynamics of the charge, dipole, and quadrupole moments due to charge accumulation at the particle-fluid interface and particle rotation in the external field. The dynamics of the charge moments are coupled by the addition of a conductivity gradient, which describes asymmetries in the rates of charging near the electrode. We study the behavior of this model as a function of the field strength and gradient magnitude to identify the conditions required for sustained oscillations. We investigate the dynamics of two neighboring oscillators coupled by far field electric and hydrodynamic interactions in an unbounded fluid. Particles prefer to align and synchronize their rotary oscillations along the line of centers. The numerical results are reproduced and explained by accurate low-order approximations of the system dynamics based on weakly coupled oscillator theory. The coarse-grained dynamics of the oscillator phase and angle can be used to investigate collective behaviors within ensembles of many self-oscillating colloids.
MeSH term(s)	Rotation ; Hydrodynamics ; Colloids
Chemical Substances	Colloids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.107.054603
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of Maturation and Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Youth Basketball Players.

Gonzalo-Skok, Oliver / Bishop, Chris

Journal of strength and conditioning research

2023 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 325–333

Abstract: ... sprint ability in youth basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 325-333, 2024-The main aims ... variables (i.e., the best [RSG b and RSS b ] and mean time [RSG m and RSS m ]). As age increased ... Abstract: Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Bishop, C. Influence of maturation and determinants of repeated ...

Abstract	Abstract: Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Bishop, C. Influence of maturation and determinants of repeated-sprint ability in youth basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 325-333, 2024-The main aims of the current study were (a) to determine the main predictors of general and specific repeated-sprint ability (RSA) tests, (b) to analyze the relationships between RSA tests and independent measures of physical performance, (c) to examine whether between-age differences exist, and (d) to assess whether maturation affects those mentioned above in young basketball players. Thirty-five young (U-14 to U-16), highly trained basketball players performed a linear sprint test (5, 10, and 25 m), an incremental running test, and 2 repeated-sprint tests (general [RSG]: 6 × 25 m; specific [RSS]: 6 × 5 + 5 m with a 45° change of direction and 20 seconds of passive recovery in both tests). Anthropometric variables were measured and used to calculate age at peak height velocity (APHV), which was used to determine maturation. The main determinants of RSA tests were aerobic performance and linear sprinting for RSS ( R2 = 0.84) and adding the percentage of body fat for RSG ( R2 = 0.94). Almost perfect relationships ( r = 0.93-0.99) were found between all RSA variables (i.e., the best [RSG b and RSS b ] and mean time [RSG m and RSS m ]). As age increased, performance in RSA was evident, as shown by improved best and mean scores. When APHV was controlled for, no significant differences were apparent in the comparison from U-14 and U-16 in 25 m, RSG b , and RSG m . By contrast, significant differences ( p < 0.05) were still evident with APHV controlled between U-14 and U-16 in 5 m, 10 m, RSS b , and RSS m . In conclusion, maturation positively affects linear sprinting and linear RSA performance, whereas specific (multidirectional) RSA seems to be related to other factors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Athletic Performance ; Exercise Test ; Basketball ; Anthropometry ; Running
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1156349-7
ISSN	1533-4287 ; 1064-8011
ISSN (online)	1533-4287
ISSN	1064-8011
DOI	10.1519/JSC.0000000000004631
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Article ; Online: Avascular Necrosis and Atraumatic Anterior Dislocation of the Femoral Head During Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Clements, Ari J / Bishop, Meghan E

JBJS case connector

2021 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Case: This report describes a case of bilateral femoral head avascular necrosis during pregnancy with a subsequent anterior dislocation of the femoral head during labor in a 40-year-old woman.: Conclusions: Many physiologic and hormonal changes occur ...

Abstract	Case: This report describes a case of bilateral femoral head avascular necrosis during pregnancy with a subsequent anterior dislocation of the femoral head during labor in a 40-year-old woman. Conclusions: Many physiologic and hormonal changes occur during pregnancy. Although rare, hip pathologies may cause life-changing health outcomes, demonstrating a need for more research and careful monitoring throughout pregnancy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Femur Head/pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis/diagnostic imaging ; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology ; Femur Head Necrosis/pathology ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations/complications ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	2160-3251
ISSN (online)	2160-3251
DOI	e21.00177
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Article ; Online: A community-based modified sport program for rural community-dwelling older adults: A pilot study.

Romein, Jake / Hutchins, Gabrielle / Ottrey, Ella / Talpey, Scott / Bishop, Jaclyn

The Australian journal of rural health

2024

Abstract: Introduction: With Australia's ageing population, especially in rural regions, promoting physical activity among older adults is crucial.: Objective: To identify factors influencing participation of older adults (60 years or over) from a rural ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: With Australia's ageing population, especially in rural regions, promoting physical activity among older adults is crucial. Objective: To identify factors influencing participation of older adults (60 years or over) from a rural community in a modified sport program and assess satisfaction with a pilot modified sport program informed by these findings. Design: Insights and ideas from two focus groups exploring community perspectives on a modified sport program informed the development of a six-week pilot modified sport program delivered with the local fitness centre. Post-program surveys assessed participant satisfaction, willingness to continue, and likelihood of recommending the program to others. Findings: Nine participants attended the focus groups, highlighting increased social connection, health management, and healthy ageing as key motivators. Joint and health concerns, cost, and time constraints emerged as main barriers. Preferences for the program included weekly sessions, alternating sports, indoor venues, and supporting modifications, but maintaining traditional rules. Thirteen participants participated in the pilot modified sport program. There was strong program attendance (86%). All participants (13/13) rated their satisfaction as very satisfied. They were highly likely to recommend the program to others (8.5/10) and were interested in continuing modified sport after the pilot (7.7/10). Discussion: This study demonstrates for the first time that modified sport is of interest to older people in the rural setting, and that delivering such a program is feasible in a small community. Rural communities implementing modified sport should consider the availability of suitable facilities and equipment, access to an engaging facilitator and participant cost. Conclusion: Through a strong connection between the health service and community fitness centre, a modified sport program was developed and implemented, well-attended and enjoyed by participants in a rural community.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2069573-1
ISSN	1440-1584 ; 1038-5282
ISSN (online)	1440-1584
ISSN	1038-5282
DOI	10.1111/ajr.13108
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