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Article ; Online: DNA Reference Reagents for Genotyping RH Variants.

Sippert, Emilia / Volkova, Evgeniya / Rippee-Brooks, Meagan / Denomme, Gregory A / Flegel, Willy A / Lee, Christine / Araojo, Richardae / Illoh, Orieji / Liu, Zhugong / Rios, Maria

The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD

2024

Abstract: Patients who carry Rhesus (RH) blood group variants may develop Rh alloantibodies requiring matched red blood cell transfusions. Serologic reagents for Rh variants often fail to specifically identify variant Rh antigens and are in limited supply. ... ...

Abstract	Patients who carry Rhesus (RH) blood group variants may develop Rh alloantibodies requiring matched red blood cell transfusions. Serologic reagents for Rh variants often fail to specifically identify variant Rh antigens and are in limited supply. Therefore, red blood cell genotyping assays are essential for managing transfusions in patients with clinically relevant Rh variants. Well-characterized DNA reference reagents are needed to ensure quality and accuracy of the molecular tests. Eight lyophilized DNA reference reagents, representing 21 polymorphisms in RHD and RHCE, were produced from an existing repository of immortalized B-lymphoblastoid cell lines at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/US Food and Drug Administration. The material was validated through an international collaborative study involving 17 laboratories that evaluated each DNA candidate using molecular assays to characterize RHD and RHCE alleles, including commercial platforms and laboratory-developed testing, such as Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and third-generation sequencing. The genotyping results showed 99.4% agreement with the expected results for the target RH polymorphisms and 87.9% for RH allele agreement. Most of the discordant RH alleles results were explained by a limited polymorphism coverage in some genotyping methods. Results of stability and accelerated degradation studies support the suitability of these reagents for use as reference standards. The collaborative study results demonstrate the qualification of these eight DNA reagents for use as reference standards for RH blood group genotyping assay development and analytical validation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2000060-1
ISSN	1943-7811 ; 1525-1578
ISSN (online)	1943-7811
ISSN	1525-1578
DOI	10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.02.005
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Article ; Online: New RHCE*ce variant allele in African descent holds 105C>T (silent) in cis to 48C in Exon 1 and 733G in Exon 5.

Sippert, Emilia / Volkova, Evgeniya / Denomme, Gregory A / Liu, Meihong / Liu, Zhugong / Rios, Maria

Transfusion

2019 Volume 59, Issue 9, Page(s) 3039–3040

MeSH term(s)	African Americans/genetics ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Alleles ; Blood Donors ; Cohort Studies ; Exons/genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/metabolism ; Silent Mutation/genetics
Chemical Substances	RHCE protein, human ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	208417-x
ISSN	1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
ISSN (online)	1537-2995
ISSN	0041-1132
DOI	10.1111/trf.15314
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Article ; Online: Validated Reference Panel from Renewable Source of Genomic DNA Available for Standardization of Blood Group Genotyping.

Volkova, Evgeniya / Sippert, Emilia / Liu, Meihong / Mercado, Teresita / Denomme, Gregory A / Illoh, Orieji / Liu, Zhugong / Rios, Maria

The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD

2019 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 525–537

Abstract: Extended blood group genotyping is an invaluable tool used for prevention of alloimmunization. Genotyping is particularly suitable when antigens are weak, specific antisera are unavailable, or accurate phenotyping is problematic because of a disease ... ...

Abstract	Extended blood group genotyping is an invaluable tool used for prevention of alloimmunization. Genotyping is particularly suitable when antigens are weak, specific antisera are unavailable, or accurate phenotyping is problematic because of a disease state or recent transfusions. In addition, genotyping facilitates establishment of mass-scale patient-matched donor databases. However, standardization of genotyping technologies has been hindered by the lack of reference panels. A well-characterized renewable reference panel for standardization of blood group genotyping was developed. The panel consists of genomic DNA lyophilized and stored in glass vials. Genomic DNA was extracted in bulk from immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, generated by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes harvested from volunteer blood donors. The panel was validated by an international collaborative study involving 28 laboratories that tested each DNA panel member for 41 polymorphisms associated with 17 blood group systems. Overall, analysis of genotyping results showed >98% agreement with the expected outcomes, demonstrating suitability of the material for use as reference. Highest levels of discordance were observed for the genes CR1, CD55, BSG, and RHD. Although limited, observed inconsistencies and procedural limitations reinforce the importance of reference reagents to standardize and harmonize results. Results of stability and accelerated degradation studies support the suitability of this panel for use as reference reagent for blood group genotyping assay development and standardization.
MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Blood Group Antigens/genetics ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques/standards ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results
Chemical Substances	Blood Group Antigens ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	2000060-1
ISSN	1943-7811 ; 1525-1578
ISSN (online)	1943-7811
ISSN	1525-1578
DOI	10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.02.003
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Article ; Online: Extended blood group molecular typing and next-generation sequencing.

Liu, Zhugong / Liu, Meihong / Mercado, Teresita / Illoh, Orieji / Davey, Richard

Transfusion medicine reviews

2014 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 177–186

Abstract: Several high-throughput multiplex blood group molecular typing platforms have been developed to predict blood group antigen phenotypes. These molecular systems support extended donor/patient matching by detecting commonly encountered blood group ... ...

Abstract	Several high-throughput multiplex blood group molecular typing platforms have been developed to predict blood group antigen phenotypes. These molecular systems support extended donor/patient matching by detecting commonly encountered blood group polymorphisms as well as rare alleles that determine the expression of blood group antigens. Extended molecular typing of a large number of blood donors by high-throughput platforms can increase the likelihood of identifying donor red blood cells that match those of recipients. This is especially important in the management of multiply-transfused patients who may have developed several alloantibodies. Nevertheless, current molecular techniques have limitations. For example, they detect only predefined genetic variants. In contrast, target enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology that provides comprehensive sequence information, focusing on specified genomic regions. Target enrichment NGS is able to assess genetic variations that cannot be achieved by traditional Sanger sequencing or other genotyping platforms. Target enrichment NGS has been used to detect both known and de novo genetic polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, indels (insertions/deletions), and structural variations. This review discusses the methodology, advantages, and limitations of the current blood group genotyping techniques and describes various target enrichment NGS approaches that can be used to develop an extended blood group genotyping assay system.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Group Antigens/genetics ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/methods ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Deletion ; Genotype ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Isoantibodies/chemistry ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chemical Substances	Blood Group Antigens ; HLA Antigens ; Isoantibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639107-2
ISSN	1532-9496 ; 0887-7963
ISSN (online)	1532-9496
ISSN	0887-7963
DOI	10.1016/j.tmrv.2014.08.003
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Zs.A 2239: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Regulation of type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis, and asthma by parasites.

Liu, Zhugong / Liu, Qian / Bleich, David / Salgame, Padmini / Gause, William C

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)

2009 Volume 88, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–38

Abstract: Helminth infection is a worldwide health problem. In addition to directly causing disease, helminthic infection also affects the incidence and progression of other diseases by exerting immune modulatory effects. In animal models, infection with ... ...

Abstract	Helminth infection is a worldwide health problem. In addition to directly causing disease, helminthic infection also affects the incidence and progression of other diseases by exerting immune modulatory effects. In animal models, infection with helminthic parasites can prevent autoimmune diseases and allergic inflammatory diseases, but worsens protective immunity to certain infectious pathogens. In this review, we summarize current findings regarding the effects of helminth infection on type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis, and asthma and discuss possible mechanisms through which helminthic parasites modulate host immunity. Investigating these mechanisms could lead to treatment strategies that specifically modulate the immune response as well as address fundamental questions in immunobiology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/parasitology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/parasitology ; Helminthiasis/immunology ; Helminthiasis/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tuberculosis/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1223802-8
ISSN	1432-1440 ; 0946-2716
ISSN (online)	1432-1440
ISSN	0946-2716
DOI	10.1007/s00109-009-0546-0
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Article ; Online: B cells have distinct roles in host protection against different nematode parasites.

Liu, Qian / Kreider, Timothy / Bowdridge, Scott / Liu, Zhugong / Song, Youngmia / Gaydo, Andrew G / Urban, Joseph F / Gause, William C

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2010 Volume 184, Issue 9, Page(s) 5213–5223

Abstract: B cells can mediate protective responses against nematode parasites by supporting Th2 cell development and/or by producing Abs. To examine this, B cell-deficient mice were inoculated with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus. B cell- ... ...

Abstract	B cells can mediate protective responses against nematode parasites by supporting Th2 cell development and/or by producing Abs. To examine this, B cell-deficient mice were inoculated with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus. B cell-deficient and wild type mice showed similar elevations in Th2 cytokines and worm expulsion after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Worm expulsion was inhibited in H. polygyrus-inoculated B cell-deficient mice, although Th2 cytokine elevations in mucosal tissues were unaffected. Impaired larval migration and development was compromised as early as day 4 after H. polygyrus challenge, and administration of immune serum restored protective immunity in B cell-deficient mice, indicating a primary role for Ab. Immune serum even mediated protective effects when administered to naive mice prior to inoculation. This study suggests variability in the importance of B cells in mediating protection against intestinal nematode parasites, and it indicates an important role for Ab in resistance to tissue-dwelling parasites.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/parasitology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology ; Immunologic Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nematospiroides dubius/growth & development ; Nematospiroides dubius/immunology ; Nippostrongylus/growth & development ; Nippostrongylus/immunology ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Strongylida Infections/pathology ; Strongylida Infections/prevention & control ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/parasitology ; Th2 Cells/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.0902879
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Article ; Online: An essential role for TH2-type responses in limiting acute tissue damage during experimental helminth infection.

Chen, Fei / Liu, Zhugong / Wu, Wenhui / Rozo, Cristina / Bowdridge, Scott / Millman, Ariel / Van Rooijen, Nico / Urban, Joseph F / Wynn, Thomas A / Gause, William C

Nature medicine

2012 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 260–266

Abstract: Helminths induce potent T helper 2 (TH2)-type immune responses that can mediate worm expulsion, but the role of this response in controlling the acute tissue damage caused by migrating multicellular parasites through vital tissues remains uncertain. We ... ...

Abstract	Helminths induce potent T helper 2 (TH2)-type immune responses that can mediate worm expulsion, but the role of this response in controlling the acute tissue damage caused by migrating multicellular parasites through vital tissues remains uncertain. We used a helminth infection model in which parasitic nematode larvae migrate transiently through the lung, resulting in hemorrhage and inflammation. We found that IL-17 initially contributed to inflammation and lung damage, whereas subsequent IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) signaling reduced elevations in IL-17 mRNA levels, enhanced the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IL-10 and stimulated the development of M2 macrophages, all of which contributed to the rapid resolution of tissue damage. These studies indicate an essential role for TH2-type immune responses in mediating acute wound healing during helminth infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Helminthiasis, Animal/immunology ; Hemorrhage/immunology ; Hemorrhage/parasitology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/parasitology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology ; Interleukin-17/physiology ; Interleukin-4/physiology ; Lung/blood supply ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/parasitology ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/immunology ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology ; Neutrophils/physiology ; Nippostrongylus/immunology ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Th2 Cells/physiology
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-4 (207137-56-2) ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/nm.2628
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Zs.A 4212: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Helminth Infection Can Reduce Insulitis and Type 1 Diabetes through CD25- and IL-10-Independent Mechanisms

Liu, Qian / Sundar, Krishnan / Mishra, Pankaj K / Mousavi, Gity / Liu, Zhugong / Gaydo, Andrew / Alem, Farhang / Lagunoff, David / Bleich, David / Gause, William C

Infection and immunity. 2009 Dec., v. 77, no. 12

2009

Abstract: Parasitic helminth infection has been shown to modulate pathological inflammatory responses in allergy and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of infection with a helminth parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on type 1 ... ...

Abstract	Parasitic helminth infection has been shown to modulate pathological inflammatory responses in allergy and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of infection with a helminth parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this protection. H. polygyrus inoculation at 5 weeks of age protected NOD mice from T1D until 40 weeks of age and also inhibited the more aggressive cyclophosphamide-induced T1D. Moreover, H. polygyrus inoculation as late as 12 weeks of age reduced the onset of T1D in NOD mice. Following H. polygyrus inoculation of NOD mice, pancreatic insulitis was markedly inhibited. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 expression and the frequency of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells were elevated in mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes. Depletion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ T cells in vivo did not abrogate H. polygyrus-induced T1D protection, nor did anti-IL-10 receptor blocking antibody. These findings suggest that infection with H. polygyrus significantly inhibits T1D in NOD mice through CD25- and IL-10-independent mechanisms and also reduces the severity of T1D when administered late after the onset of insulitis.
Keywords	Heligmosomoides polygyrus ; T-lymphocytes ; helminthiasis ; hypersensitivity ; inflammation ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; interleukin-10 ; interleukin-13 ; interleukin-4 ; lymph nodes ; mice ; parasites
Language	English
Size	p. 5347-5358.
Publishing place	American Society for Microbiology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218698-6
ISSN	1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
ISSN (online)	1098-5522
ISSN	0019-9567
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Increased T cell proliferative responses to islet antigens identify clinical responders to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) therapy in type 1 diabetes.

Herold, Kevan C / Pescovitz, Mark D / McGee, Paula / Krause-Steinrauf, Heidi / Spain, Lisa M / Bourcier, Kasia / Asare, Adam / Liu, Zhugong / Lachin, John M / Dosch, H Michael

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2011 Volume 187, Issue 4, Page(s) 1998–2005

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to be due to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells by T lymphocytes, but a single course of rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 B lymphocyte Ab, can attenuate C-peptide loss over the first year of disease. The effects ... ...

Abstract	Type 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to be due to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells by T lymphocytes, but a single course of rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 B lymphocyte Ab, can attenuate C-peptide loss over the first year of disease. The effects of B cell depletion on disease-associated T cell responses have not been studied. We compare changes in lymphocyte subsets, T cell proliferative responses to disease-associated target Ags, and C-peptide levels of participants who did (responders) or did not (nonresponders) show signs of β-cell preservation 1 y after rituximab therapy in a placebo-controlled TrialNet trial. Rituximab decreased B lymphocyte levels after four weekly doses of mAb. T cell proliferative responses to diabetes-associated Ags were present at baseline in 75% of anti-CD20- and 82% of placebo-treated subjects and were not different over time. However, in rituximab-treated subjects with significant C-peptide preservation at 6 mo (58%), the proliferative responses to diabetes-associated total (p = 0.032), islet-specific (p = 0.048), and neuronal autoantigens (p = 0.005) increased over the 12-mo observation period. This relationship was not seen in placebo-treated patients. We conclude that in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, anti-B cell mAb causes increased proliferative responses to diabetes Ags and attenuated β-cell loss. The way in which these responses affect the disease course remains unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; C-Peptide/immunology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors/adverse effects ; Immunologic Factors/immunology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology ; Male ; Rituximab ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Autoantigens ; C-Peptide ; Immunologic Factors ; Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.1100539
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Article: Neutrophils clear bacteria associated with parasitic nematodes augmenting the development of an effective Th2-type response.

Pesce, John T / Liu, Zhugong / Hamed, Hossein / Alem, Farhang / Whitmire, Jeanette / Lin, Hongxia / Liu, Qian / Urban, Joseph F / Gause, William C

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2007 Volume 180, Issue 1, Page(s) 464–474

Abstract: Infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces a potent Th2 response; however, little is known about early stages of the innate response that may contribute to protective immunity. To examine early events in this response, ... ...

Abstract	Infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces a potent Th2 response; however, little is known about early stages of the innate response that may contribute to protective immunity. To examine early events in this response, chemokine expression in the draining lymph node was examined after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Pronounced increases of several chemokines, including CCL2, were observed. Compared with wild-type mice, elevations in a Gr-1bright population in the draining lymph node was significantly decreased in CCL2-/- mice after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Further flow cytometric and immunofluorescent analysis showed that in wild-type mice, Gr-1+ cells transiently entered and exited the draining lymph node shortly after N. brasiliensis inoculation. The Gr-1bright population was comprised of neutrophils expressing TGF-beta and TNF-alpha. Following Gr-1+ cell depletion, N. brasiliensis infection resulted in transient, but significantly increased levels of IFN-gamma, increased serum IgG2a, reduced Th2 cytokines and serum IgE, greatly increased mortality, and delayed worm expulsion. Furthermore, bacteria were readily detected in vital organs. Infection of Gr-1+ cell-depleted mice with N. brasiliensis larvae that were pretreated with antibiotics prevented bacterial dissemination, Th1 inflammatory responses, and decreases in host survival. This study indicates that parasitic nematodes can be an important vector of potentially harmful bacteria, which is typically controlled by CCL2-dependent neutrophils that ensure the optimal development of Th2 immune responses and parasite resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL2/genetics ; Chemokine CCL2/metabolism ; Disease Vectors ; Female ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Nippostrongylus/microbiology ; Strongylida Infections/complications ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Ccl2 protein, mouse ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.464
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