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  1. Article ; Online: IL-2 targeted to CD8+ T cells promotes robust effector T cell responses and potent antitumor immunity.

    Moynihan, Kelly D / Kumar, Manu P / Sultan, Hussein / Pappas, Danielle C / Park, Terrence / Chin, S Michael / Bessette, Paul / Lan, Ruth Y / Nguyen, Henry C / Mathewson, Nathan D / Ni, Irene / Chen, Wei / Lee, Yonghee / Liao-Chan, Sindy / Chen, Jessie / Schumacher, Ton N M / Schreiber, Robert D / Yeung, Yik A / Djuretic, Ivana M

    Cancer discovery

    2024  

    Abstract: IL-2 signals pleiotropically on diverse cell types, some of which contribute to therapeutic activity against tumors, while others drive undesired activity, such as immunosuppression or toxicity. We explored the theory that targeting of IL-2 to CD8+ T ... ...

    Abstract IL-2 signals pleiotropically on diverse cell types, some of which contribute to therapeutic activity against tumors, while others drive undesired activity, such as immunosuppression or toxicity. We explored the theory that targeting of IL-2 to CD8+ T cells, which are key anti-tumor effectors, could enhance its therapeutic index. To this aim, we developed AB248, CD8 cis-targeted IL-2 that demonstrates over 500-fold preference for CD8+ T cells over NK and Treg cells, which may contribute to toxicity and immunosuppression, respectively. AB248 recapitulated IL-2's effects on CD8+ T cells in vitro and induced selective expansion of CD8+ T cells in primates. In mice, an AB248 surrogate demonstrated superior anti-tumor activity and enhanced tolerability as compared to an untargeted IL-2RBy agonist. Efficacy was associated with expansion and phenotypic enhancement of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, including the emergence of a "better effector" population. These data support the potential utility of AB248 in clinical settings.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2625242-9
    ISSN 2159-8290 ; 2159-8274
    ISSN (online) 2159-8290
    ISSN 2159-8274
    DOI 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-1266
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Enhanced Biofilm Eradication and Reduced Cytotoxicity of a Novel Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Wound Ointment Compared with Common Antiseptic Ointments.

    Gerges, Bahgat Z / Rosenblatt, Joel / Truong, Y-Lan / Reitzel, Ruth A / Hachem, Ray / Raad, Issam I

    BioMed research international

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 2710484

    Abstract: Antiseptic wound ointments are widely used to treat dermal wounds that are microbially contaminated. Polygalacturonic acid (PG)+caprylic acid (CAP) is a novel combination that has been shown to eradicate biofilms. We developed a novel PG+CAP ointment and ...

    Abstract Antiseptic wound ointments are widely used to treat dermal wounds that are microbially contaminated. Polygalacturonic acid (PG)+caprylic acid (CAP) is a novel combination that has been shown to eradicate biofilms. We developed a novel PG+CAP ointment and compared the biofilm eradication capability and cytotoxicity of PG+CAP with that of commercially available antiseptic wound ointments. We used a well-established biofilm model to quantitatively assess the eradication of organisms following exposure to the wound ointments for 2 hours. PG+CAP ointment completely eradicated
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/chemistry ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Candida albicans/physiology ; Caprylates/chemistry ; Caprylates/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; Mice ; Ointments ; Pectins/chemistry ; Pectins/pharmacology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Caprylates ; Ointments ; Pectins (89NA02M4RX) ; octanoic acid (OBL58JN025) ; polygalacturonic acid (VV3XD4CL04)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2698540-8
    ISSN 2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
    ISSN (online) 2314-6141
    ISSN 2314-6133
    DOI 10.1155/2021/2710484
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Review of allergic reactions from use of chlorhexidine on medical products in clinical settings over 40 years: Risks and mitigations.

    Gerges, Bahgat Z / Rosenblatt, Joel / Truong, Y-Lan / Reitzel, Ruth A / Raad, Isaam

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2021  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 775–789

    Abstract: Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent widely used for infection prevention in medical settings. Nevertheless, allergic reactions ranging from mild to severe have been reported following its use. In this review, we analyzed all case reports published ... ...

    Abstract Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent widely used for infection prevention in medical settings. Nevertheless, allergic reactions ranging from mild to severe have been reported following its use. In this review, we analyzed all case reports published between the introduction of chlorhexidine and the end of 2019 for allergic responses associated with the use of medical devices and or other medical products containing chlorhexidine (CHX) to ascertain the prevalence of severe CHX allergic reactions and what practices might best mitigate those risks.In total, 77 publications containing 124 reported cases of allergic reactions were grouped into 3 product categories, catheters, semisolids, and fluid products. The country, type of reaction, route of sensitization, allergy confirmation, and intervention or mitigation was extracted for each case. Overall, 30 cases were associated with catheters, 46 cases were associated with semisolid products, and 48 cases were associated with the use of other medical products. Severe cases were managed with intravenous fluids, steroids, and epinephrine (adrenaline). None of the reported cases were fatal. The allergy risks can be mitigated by better warning and training clinicians and by recording and screening patient histories for CHX presensitization from prior exposure. For patients undergoing pre-use blood tests, IgE antibody screens can also be performed. Finally, as a precaution in the event a rare severe allergic reaction occurs, procedure carts and rooms can be prestocked with injectable epinephrine and other rapidly acting anti-inflammatory medications.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents, Local/adverse effects ; Chlorhexidine/adverse effects ; Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Prevalence
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L) ; Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2021.150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Enhanced Biofilm Eradication and Reduced Cytotoxicity of a Novel Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Wound Ointment Compared with Common Antiseptic Ointments

    Bahgat Z. Gerges / Joel Rosenblatt / Y-Lan Truong / Ruth A. Reitzel / Ray Hachem / Issam I. Raad

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2021  Volume 2021

    Abstract: Antiseptic wound ointments are widely used to treat dermal wounds that are microbially contaminated. Polygalacturonic acid (PG)+caprylic acid (CAP) is a novel combination that has been shown to eradicate biofilms. We developed a novel PG+CAP ointment and ...

    Abstract Antiseptic wound ointments are widely used to treat dermal wounds that are microbially contaminated. Polygalacturonic acid (PG)+caprylic acid (CAP) is a novel combination that has been shown to eradicate biofilms. We developed a novel PG+CAP ointment and compared the biofilm eradication capability and cytotoxicity of PG+CAP with that of commercially available antiseptic wound ointments. We used a well-established biofilm model to quantitatively assess the eradication of organisms following exposure to the wound ointments for 2 hours. PG+CAP ointment completely eradicated Candida albicans, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, whereas MediHoney, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) ointments failed to eradicate all biofilms within 2 hours. We assessed cytotoxicity by exposing L-929 fibroblasts to extracts of each ointment; Trypan blue exclusion was used to assess cell viability, and Alamar blue conversion was used to assess metabolic function. After exposure to PG+CAP and MediHoney, fibroblast viability was 96.23% and 95.23%, respectively (Trypan blue), and was comparable to untreated cells (98.77%). PHMB and BZK showed reduced viability (83.25% and 77.83%, respectively, p<0.05). Metabolic activity results followed a similar pattern. Cytotoxicity of PG+CAP ointment towards erythrocytes was comparable to saline. PG+CAP ointment seems to be safe and can rapidly eradicate microbial biofilm; thus, PG+CAP ointment merits further in vivo testing as a potential antimicrobial wound ointment.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Fc-Optimized Anti-CCR8 Antibody Depletes Regulatory T Cells in Human Tumor Models.

    Campbell, Joseph R / McDonald, Bryan R / Mesko, Paul B / Siemers, Nathan O / Singh, Priti B / Selby, Mark / Sproul, Tim W / Korman, Alan J / Vlach, Logan M / Houser, Jeff / Sambanthamoorthy, Sharmila / Lu, Kai / Hatcher, Sandra V / Lohre, Jack / Jain, Renu / Lan, Ruth Y

    Cancer research

    2021  Volume 81, Issue 11, Page(s) 2983–2994

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract FOXP3
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology ; Receptors, CCR8/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, CCR8/immunology ; Skin/drug effects ; Skin/immunology ; Skin/metabolism ; Skin/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; CCR8 protein, human ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Receptors, CCR8
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-3585
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates axon guidance genes in Drosophila.

    Singh, Badri Nath / Tran, Hiep / Kramer, Joseph / Kirichenko, Elmira / Changela, Neha / Wang, Fei / Feng, Yaping / Kumar, Dibyendu / Tu, Min / Lan, Jie / Bizet, Martin / Fuks, François / Steward, Ruth

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0293894

    Abstract: Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5- ... ...

    Abstract Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases and catalyze the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA. These enzymes have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The Tet gene is essential in Drosophila as Tet knock-out animals do not reach adulthood. We describe the identification of Tet-target genes in the embryo and larval brain by mapping one, Tet DNA-binding sites throughout the genome and two, the Tet-dependent 5hmrC modifications transcriptome-wide. 5hmrC modifications are distributed along the entire transcript, while Tet DNA-binding sites are preferentially located at the promoter where they overlap with histone H3K4me3 peaks. The identified mRNAs are preferentially involved in neuron and axon development and Tet knock-out led to a reduction of 5hmrC marks on specific mRNAs. Among the Tet-target genes were the robo2 receptor and its slit ligand that function in axon guidance in Drosophila and in vertebrates. Tet knock-out embryos show overlapping phenotypes with robo2 and both Robo2 and Slit protein levels were markedly reduced in Tet KO larval brains. Our results establish a role for Tet-dependent 5hmrC in facilitating the translation of modified mRNAs primarily in cells of the nervous system.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cytosine/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Axon Guidance ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics
    Chemical Substances Cytosine (8J337D1HZY) ; RNA, Messenger ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0293894
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Relationship between Emphysema Progression at CT and Mortality in Ever-Smokers: Results from the COPDGene and ECLIPSE Cohorts.

    Ash, Samuel Y / San José Estépar, Raúl / Fain, Sean B / Tal-Singer, Ruth / Stockley, Robert A / Nordenmark, Lars H / Rennard, Stephen / Han, MeiLan K / Merrill, Debora / Humphries, Stephen M / Diaz, Alejandro A / Mason, Stefanie E / Rahaghi, Farbod N / Pistenmaa, Carrie L / Sciurba, Frank C / Vegas-Sánchez-Ferrero, Gonzalo / Lynch, David A / Washko, George R

    Radiology

    2021  Volume 299, Issue 1, Page(s) 222–231

    Abstract: Background The relationship between emphysema progression and long-term outcomes is unclear. Purpose To determine the relationship between emphysema progression at CT and mortality among participants with emphysema. Materials and Methods In a secondary ... ...

    Abstract Background The relationship between emphysema progression and long-term outcomes is unclear. Purpose To determine the relationship between emphysema progression at CT and mortality among participants with emphysema. Materials and Methods In a secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies, COPDGene (
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Emphysema/mortality ; Smokers ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80324-8
    ISSN 1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
    ISSN (online) 1527-1315
    ISSN 0033-8419
    DOI 10.1148/radiol.2021203531
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates the axon guidance genes

    Singh, Badri Nath / Tran, Hiep / Kramer, Joseph / Kirishenko, Elmira / Changela, Neha / Wang, Fei / Feng, Yaping / Kumar, Dibyendu / Tu, Min / Lan, Jie / Bizet, Martin / Fuks, François / Steward, Ruth

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5- ... ...

    Abstract Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases enzymes catalyzing the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA and have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2511705/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates axon guidance genes in Drosophila.

    Singh, Badri Nath / Tran, Hiep / Kramer, Joseph / Kirichenko, Elmira / Changela, Neha / Wang, Fei / Feng, Yaping / Kumar, Dibyendu / Tu, Min / Lan, Jie / Bizet, Martin / Fuks, François / Steward, Ruth

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5- ... ...

    Abstract Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases and catalyze the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA. These enzymes have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The Tet gene is essential in Drosophila as Tet knock-out animals do not reach adulthood. We describe the identification of Tet-target genes in the embryo and larval brain by mapping one, Tet DNA-binding sites throughout the genome and two, the Tet-dependent 5hmrC modifications transcriptome-wide. 5hmrC modifications are distributed along the entire transcript, while Tet DNA-binding sites are preferentially located at the promoter where they overlap with histone H3K4me3 peaks. The identified mRNAs are preferentially involved in neuron and axon development and Tet knock-out led to a reduction of 5hmrC marks on specific mRNAs. Among the Tet-target genes were the robo2 receptor and its slit ligand that function in axon guidance in Drosophila and in vertebrates. Tet knock-out embryos show overlapping phenotypes with robo2 and both Robo2 and Slit protein levels were markedly reduced in Tet KO larval brains. Our results establish a role for Tet-dependent 5hmrC in facilitating the translation of modified mRNAs primarily in cells of the nervous system.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.03.522592
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The immunopathology of human biliary cell epithelium.

    Chuang, Ya-Hui / Lan, Ruth Y / Gershwin, M Eric

    Seminars in immunopathology

    2009  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 323–331

    Abstract: Bile ducts lined with biliary epithelial cells, or cholangiocytes, are the main components of the biliary system in liver. Cholangiocytes participate in the production and transport of bile substances, as well as participate in immune responses. ... ...

    Abstract Bile ducts lined with biliary epithelial cells, or cholangiocytes, are the main components of the biliary system in liver. Cholangiocytes participate in the production and transport of bile substances, as well as participate in immune responses. Cholangiocytes protect against pathogens by expressing toll-like receptors and anti-microbial peptides; act as antigen-presenting cells by expressing human leukocyte antigen molecules and costimulatory molecules; recruit leukocytes to the target site by expressing adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines; and induce apoptosis of leukocytes to limit the immune responses. Several cholangiopathies result from dysfunctions of the biliary system. They can broadly be divided into autoimmune, genetic, infectious, drug, and ischemic-injury-induced categories. The pathogenesis of many of these cholangiopathies is unclear and treatment is limited. Further understanding of the complexity of the biliary system is critical for medical advancements in this field.
    MeSH term(s) Antigen Presentation/immunology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/immunology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Biliary Tract/immunology ; Biliary Tract/metabolism ; Biliary Tract Diseases/immunology ; Biliary Tract Diseases/metabolism ; Biliary Tract Diseases/physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epithelium/immunology ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism ; Liver/immunology ; Liver/pathology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cytokines ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-06-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2316828-6
    ISSN 1863-2300 ; 1863-2297
    ISSN (online) 1863-2300
    ISSN 1863-2297
    DOI 10.1007/s00281-009-0172-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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