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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Food safety and technology governance

    Lin, Ching-Fu / Ni, Kuei-Jung

    2023  

    Abstract: Recent advances in agri-food technology have brought about increasing complexity and emerging challenges to food safety regulation and governance, with many countries greatly divided in their regulatory approaches. As more advanced CRISPR based gene- ... ...

    Author's details edited by Ching-Fu Lin and Kuei-Jung Ni
    Abstract "Recent advances in agri-food technology have brought about increasing complexity and emerging challenges to food safety regulation and governance, with many countries greatly divided in their regulatory approaches. As more advanced CRISPR based gene-editing technologies, and novel foods such as cloned animal products, non-traditional plants, nanofood, and plant-based meat are rapidly being developed, debates arise as to whether the existing models of governance require revision to ensure consumer safety. Of equal importance is the extensive use of pesticides, additives, and animal drugs which raise concerns over the methods and approaches of government approval and phasing out of potentially risk-causing chemicals. Heightened public criticism of food safety and technology poses a significant challenge to governments around the world, which struggle to strike a proper balance between technocracy- and democracy-oriented risk governance models. Drawing on expertise from the United States, European Union, Japan, China, Korea, Association of South East Asian Nations, Malaysia, and Taiwan, this book explores existing and emerging issues of food law and policy in the context of technology governance to offer an overarching framework for the interaction between food regulation and technology. It will be essential reading for academics, students and practitioners with an interest in food law and policy, agricultural law and policy and food safety and nutrition studies"--
    Keywords Food/Safety measures
    Subject code 363.1926
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (252 pages)
    Publisher Routledge
    Publishing place London, England ; New York, New York
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 1-00-327191-X ; 1-003-27191-X ; 1-000-62722-5 ; 1-000-62725-X ; 1-03-222280-8 ; 978-1-00-327191-8 ; 978-1-003-27191-8 ; 978-1-000-62722-0 ; 978-1-000-62725-1 ; 978-1-03-222280-6
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Book ; Online: Artificial Intelligence and International Economic Law

    Peng, Shin-yi / Lin, Ching-Fu / Streinz, Thomas

    Disruption, Regulation, and Reconfiguration

    (Social Sciences)

    2021  

    Series title Social Sciences
    Keywords Artificial intelligence ; International economic & trade law ; Transnational commercial law ; Intellectual property law ; Comparative law ; international economic law ; world trade organization ; big data ; artificial intelligence ; trade law ; privacy
    Language 0|e
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021620047
    ISBN 9781108844932 ; 1108844936
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article: Covid-19 and the Institutional Resilience of the Ihr (2005): Time for a Dispute Settlement Redesign?

    Lin, Ching-Fu

    Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal

    Abstract: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered governments around the world to take a series of health measures in response to the public health challenges that have arisen, as well as their corresponding social, economic, and political ramifications The ... ...

    Abstract The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered governments around the world to take a series of health measures in response to the public health challenges that have arisen, as well as their corresponding social, economic, and political ramifications The World Health Organization (hereinafter "WHO") and its International Health Regulations (2005) (hereinafter "IHR (2005)) play a pivotal role in providing a global governance framework to guide and coordinate governments through a series of substantive and procedural requirements During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, some State Parties and the WHO Director-General have allegedly not acted in compliance with the IHR (2005), which may lead to disputes between State Parties or even between the WHO and State Parties Yet the IHR (2005) seems to lack an adequate dispute settlement mechanism that facilitates peaceful resolution This article therefore examines the multilayered dispute settlement mechanism under Article 56 of the IHR (2005), and explores the critical flaws of its institutional design It further calls for the establishment of a Compliance and Accountability Committee via a minor revision of the IHR (2005) to actively monitor, evaluate, and issue Specific Comments on the practices of the State Parties and the WHO in terms of their conformity with the treaty By adding this quasi-adjudicative branch to existing mechanisms, the Compliance and Accountability Committee offers an expeditious, proactive, and less costly channel to publicly name those whose measures are not in conformity with the IHR (2005) with detailed legal reasoning, creating a stronger compliance pull and a normative reference for dispute settlement While the proposed institutional redesign is not and cannot be an alternative to existing dispute settlement mechanisms, it may supplement and reinvigorate ways in which to resolve disputes in an innovative manner
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #724935
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article: Outsource Power, Import Safety? Challenges and Opportunities of the U.S.-China Food Safety Regulatory Cooperation.

    Lin, Ching-Fu

    Food and drug law journal

    2017  Volume 72, Issue 1, Page(s) 32–52

    Abstract: The United States has a high stake in China’s serious food safety problem, as food products of Chinese origin have dominated the U.S. food market in numerous areas and continue to grow. The conclusion of the U.S.-China Food Safety Agreement (“the ... ...

    Abstract The United States has a high stake in China’s serious food safety problem, as food products of Chinese origin have dominated the U.S. food market in numerous areas and continue to grow. The conclusion of the U.S.-China Food Safety Agreement (“the Agreement”) has allowed FDA to strengthen regulatory cooperation with its Chinese counterpart in various aspects. The Agreement also paves the way for the implementation of the new regulatory tools incorporated in FSMA, especially in the cross-border context. However, both the Agreement and FSMA have certain crucial limitations that may create future hurdles to effective implementation in the U.S.-China cooperation. This paper therefore endeavors to first examine China’s governance challenges over food safety, with a focus on the 2009 Food Safety Law, the 2015 Amendment, and the fundamental problem of “thin” rule of law. This paper moves to analyze the U.S.-China Food Safety Agreement, reviewing the agreement’s strengths and weaknesses. It further assesses FSMA’s innovative institutional design to regulate imported food products and its limitations. However, both the U.S.-China Food Safety Agreement and FSMA arguably create a regulatory dilemma for FDA when addressing imported food safety, due to structural mismatch between the broad scope of power granted to FDA and the long chain of power outsourcing to governments or private companies as primary “regulators.” Neither the Agreement nor FSMA give FDA adequate capacity to closely oversee such “agents” along the chain of power outsourcing. Framing the U.S.-China food safety cooperation as a multilayer structure that “outsources power” to “import safety,” this paper concludes by stressing the need for a robust accountability and effective mechanism for U.S.-China food safety cooperation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1064-590X
    ISSN 1064-590X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Among Different Fixed-Dose Combinations of Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists and Long-Acting β

    Weng, Ching-Fu / Wu, Chien-Chih / Wu, Mei-Hsuan / Lin, Fang-Ju

    Chest

    2022  Volume 163, Issue 4, Page(s) 799–814

    Abstract: Background: Researchers have yet to obtain conclusive evidence differentiating among fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β: Research question: What are the differences between available LAMA/ ... ...

    Abstract Background: Researchers have yet to obtain conclusive evidence differentiating among fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β
    Research question: What are the differences between available LAMA/LABA FDCs in the risk of acute exacerbation (AE) and cardiovascular events?
    Study design and methods: This retrospective cohort study based on a national insurance claims database included patients with COPD ≥ 40 years of age who were newly prescribed glycopyrronium (GLY)/indacaterol (IND), umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI), or tiotropium (TIO)/olodaterol (OLO) FDC between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2019. Propensity score matching and Cox regression models were used to compare outcomes of AE and cardiovascular events associated with LAMA/LABA FDC treatment.
    Results: Among the 44,498 patients identified and included, 15,586 received GLY/IND, 20,460 received UMEC/VI, and 8,452 received TIO/OLO. Baseline characteristics were well balanced after 1:1 matching of UMEC/VI and GLY/IND, 2:1 matching of UMEC/VI and TIO/OLO, and 2:1 matching of GLY/IND and TIO/OLO. Risk of severe AE was lower among patients treated with UMEC/VI or GLY/IND than among those who received TIO/OLO (UMEC/VI vs TIO/OLO: 17.85 vs 29.32 per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84; GLY/IND vs TIO/OLO: 15.54 vs 25.53 per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.88). In addition, GLY/IND users tended to have a lower risk of cardiovascular events than TIO/OLO users, but the difference dissipated when restricting follow up to a shorter duration.
    Interpretation: Our results revealed that the risk of severe AE was lower among patients with COPD receiving UMEC/VI or GLY/IND than among those receiving TIO/OLO, whereas the incidence of cardiovascular events was similar across groups but was slightly lower in GLY/IND users when compared with TIO/OLO users. Further research will be required to confirm these findings.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/chemically induced ; Benzyl Alcohols/therapeutic use ; Chlorobenzenes/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Muscarinic Antagonists ; Benzyl Alcohols ; Chlorobenzenes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1032552-9
    ISSN 1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
    ISSN (online) 1931-3543
    ISSN 0012-3692
    DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Toward a more rounded strategy to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products

    Lin, Ching-Fu

    Journal of world trade : law, economics, public policy Vol. 51, No. 2 , p. 265-284

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 265–284

    Author's details Ching-Fu Lin
    Language English
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
    Publishing place Alphen aan den Rijn
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 228529-0
    ISSN 1011-6702
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  7. Article: Public-private interactions in global food safety governance.

    Lin, Ching-Fu

    Food and drug law journal

    2014  Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 143–60, i

    Abstract: In response to an apparent decline in global food safety, numerous public and private regulatory initiatives have emerged to restore public confidence. This trend has been particularly marked by the growing influence of private regulators such as ... ...

    Abstract In response to an apparent decline in global food safety, numerous public and private regulatory initiatives have emerged to restore public confidence. This trend has been particularly marked by the growing influence of private regulators such as multinational food companies, supermarket chains and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), who employ private standards, certification protocols, third-party auditing, and transnational contracting practices. This paper explores how the structure and processes of private food safety governance interact with traditional public governance regimes, focusing on Global Good Agricultural Practices (GlobalGAP) as a primary example of the former. Due to the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of public regulation in the face of global problems, private governance in food safety has gradually replaced states' command-and-control regulation with more flexible, market-oriented mechanisms. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of constructive regime interaction instead of institutional boundary building to global food safety governance. Public and private ordering must each play a role as integral parts of a larger, dynamic and evolving governance complex.
    MeSH term(s) Food Safety ; Foodborne Diseases/mortality ; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; International Agencies ; Legislation, Food ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1064-590X
    ISSN 1064-590X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Genetic Differentiation of the Bloodsucking Midge

    Ching, Yung-Hao / Kuo, Yuan-Chen / Su, Ming-Ching / Wang, Szu-Chieh / Lin, Chuen-Fu / Tu, Wu-Chun / Lin, Ming-Der

    Insects

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Forcipomyia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662247-6
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects15010023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Association of vaccine-specific regulatory T cells with reduced antibody response to repeated influenza vaccination.

    Lin, Pin-Hung / Hsiao, Po-Ju / Pan, Ching-Fu / Liu, Ming-Tsan / Wang, Jann-Tay / Ching, Chi / Wu, Fang-Yi / Lin, Yi-Hsuan / Yang, Yu-Chan / Hsu, Le-Yin / Yang, Hung-Chih / Wu, Un-In

    European journal of immunology

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 12, Page(s) e2350525

    Abstract: Repeated annual influenza vaccinations have been associated with reduced vaccine-induced antibody responses. This prospective study aimed to explore the role of vaccine antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells in antibody response to repeated annual ... ...

    Abstract Repeated annual influenza vaccinations have been associated with reduced vaccine-induced antibody responses. This prospective study aimed to explore the role of vaccine antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells in antibody response to repeated annual influenza vaccination. We analyzed pre- and postvaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, seroconversion rates, seroprotection rates, vaccine antigen hemagglutinin (HA)-specific Treg cells, and conventional T (Tconv) cells. We compared these parameters between vaccinees with or without vaccine-induced seroconversion. Our multivariate logistic regression revealed that prior vaccination was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving seroconversion for both H1N1(adjusted OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.13) and H3N2 (adjusted OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.30). Furthermore, individuals who received repeated vaccinations had significantly higher levels of pre-existing HA-specific Treg cells than those who did not. We also found that vaccine-induced fold-increases in HI titers and seroconversion were negatively correlated with pre-existing HA-specific Treg cells and positively correlated with the ratio of Tconv to Treg cells. Overall, our findings suggest that repeated annual influenza vaccination is associated with a lower vaccine-induced antibody response and a higher frequency of vaccine-specific Treg cells. However, a lower frequency of pre-existing Treg cells correlates with a higher postvaccination antibody response.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza Vaccines ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Antibody Formation ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Prospective Studies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120108-6
    ISSN 1521-4141 ; 0014-2980
    ISSN (online) 1521-4141
    ISSN 0014-2980
    DOI 10.1002/eji.202350525
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Assessing the Relative Influence and Efficacy of Public and Private Food Safety Regulation Regimes: Comparing Codex and Global G.A.P. Standards.

    Halabi, Sam F / Lin, Ching-Fu

    Food and drug law journal

    2017  Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 262–294

    Abstract: An extensive global system of private food regulation is under construction, one that exceeds conventional regulation thought of as being driven by public authorities like FDA and USDA in the U.S. or the Food Standards Agency in the UK. Agrifood and ... ...

    Abstract An extensive global system of private food regulation is under construction, one that exceeds conventional regulation thought of as being driven by public authorities like FDA and USDA in the U.S. or the Food Standards Agency in the UK. Agrifood and grocer organizations, in concert with some farming groups, have been the primary designers of this new food regulatory regime. These groups have established alliances that compete with national regulators in complex ways. This article analyzes the relationship between public and private sources of food safety regulation by examining standards adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, a food safety organization jointly run by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization and GlobalG.A.P., a farm assurance program created in the late 1990s by supermarket chains and their major suppliers which has now expanded into a global certifying coalition. While Codex standards are adopted, often as written, by national food safety regulators who are principal drivers of the standard setting process, customers for agricultural products in many countries now demand evidence of GlobalG.A.P. certification as a prerequisite for doing business This article tests not only the durability and strength of private sector standard setting in the food safety system, but also the desirability of that system as an alternative to formal, governmental processes embodied, for our purposes, in the standards adopted by Codex. In many cases, official standards and GlobalG.A.P. standards clash in ways that implicate not only food safety but the flow of agricultural products in the global trading system. The article analyzes current weaknesses in both regimes and possibilities for change that will better reconcile the two competing systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1064-590X
    ISSN 1064-590X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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