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  1. Article ; Online: Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles.

    Białkowski, Jakub / Rossa, Robert / Ziemiakowicz, Anna / Gohli, Jostein / Dymek, Jakub / Goczał, Jakub

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6999

    Abstract: Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, ... ...

    Abstract Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, the provision of sufficient energetic resources, and a complex flight control system. Although wings, flight muscles, and the energetic budget of insects have been intensively studied in the last decades, almost nothing is known regarding the flight-control devices of many crucial insect groups, especially beetles (Coleoptera). Here, we conducted a phylogenetic-informed analysis of flight-related mechanosensors in 28 species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), an economically and ecologically important group of insects characterized by striking differences in dispersal abilities. The results indicated that beetle flight apparatus is equipped with different functional types of mechanosensors, including strain- and flow-encoding sensilla. We found a strong effect of allometry on the number of mechanosensors, while no effect of relative wing size (a proxy of flight investment) was identified. Our study constitutes the first step to understanding the drivers and constraints of the evolution of flight-control devices in Coleoptera, including bark beetles. More research, including a quantitative neuroanatomical analysis of beetle wings, should be conducted in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Weevils/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Bark ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Wings, Animal/physiology ; Flight, Animal/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-57658-y
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  2. Article ; Online: Performance evaluation of a new custom, multi-component DNA isolation method optimized for use in shotgun metagenomic sequencing-based aerosol microbiome research.

    Bøifot, Kari Oline / Gohli, Jostein / Moen, Line Victoria / Dybwad, Marius

    Environmental microbiome

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Background: Aerosol microbiome research advances our understanding of bioaerosols, including how airborne microorganisms affect our health and surrounding environment. Traditional microbiological/molecular methods are commonly used to study bioaerosols, ...

    Abstract Background: Aerosol microbiome research advances our understanding of bioaerosols, including how airborne microorganisms affect our health and surrounding environment. Traditional microbiological/molecular methods are commonly used to study bioaerosols, but do not allow for generic, unbiased microbiome profiling. Recent studies have adopted shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) to address this issue. However, SMS requires relatively large DNA inputs, which are challenging when studying low biomass air environments, and puts high requirements on air sampling, sample processing and DNA isolation protocols. Previous SMS studies have consequently adopted various mitigation strategies, including long-duration sampling, sample pooling, and whole genome amplification, each associated with some inherent drawbacks/limitations.
    Results: Here, we demonstrate a new custom, multi-component DNA isolation method optimized for SMS-based aerosol microbiome research. The method achieves improved DNA yields from filter-collected air samples by isolating DNA from the entire filter extract, and ensures a more comprehensive microbiome representation by combining chemical, enzymatic and mechanical lysis. Benchmarking against two state-of-the-art DNA isolation methods was performed with a mock microbial community and real-world air samples. All methods demonstrated similar performance regarding DNA yield and community representation with the mock community. However, with subway samples, the new method obtained drastically improved DNA yields, while SMS revealed that the new method reported higher diversity. The new method involves intermediate filter extract separation into a pellet and supernatant fraction. Using subway samples, we demonstrate that supernatant inclusion results in improved DNA yields. Furthermore, SMS of pellet and supernatant fractions revealed overall similar taxonomic composition but also identified differences that could bias the microbiome profile, emphasizing the importance of processing the entire filter extract.
    Conclusions: By demonstrating and benchmarking a new DNA isolation method optimized for SMS-based aerosol microbiome research with both a mock microbial community and real-world air samples, this study contributes to improved selection, harmonization, and standardization of DNA isolation methods. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring end-to-end sample integrity and using methods with well-defined performance characteristics. Taken together, the demonstrated performance characteristics suggest the new method could be used to improve the quality of SMS-based aerosol microbiome research in low biomass air environments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2524-6372
    ISSN (online) 2524-6372
    DOI 10.1186/s40793-019-0349-z
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  3. Article ; Online: Performance evaluation of high-volume electret filter air samplers in aerosol microbiome research.

    Bøifot, Kari Oline / Gohli, Jostein / Skogan, Gunnar / Dybwad, Marius

    Environmental microbiome

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: Background: Reliable identification and quantification of bioaerosols is fundamental in aerosol microbiome research, highlighting the importance of using sampling equipment with well-defined performance characteristics. Following advances in sequencing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Reliable identification and quantification of bioaerosols is fundamental in aerosol microbiome research, highlighting the importance of using sampling equipment with well-defined performance characteristics. Following advances in sequencing technology, shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) of environmental samples is now possible. However, SMS of air samples is challenging due to low biomass, but with the use of high-volume air samplers sufficient DNA yields can be obtained. Here we investigate the sampling performance and comparability of two hand-portable, battery-operated, high-volume electret filter air samplers, SASS 3100 and ACD-200 Bobcat, previously used in SMS-based aerosol microbiome research.
    Results: SASS and Bobcat consistently delivered end-to-end sampling efficiencies > 80% during the aerosol chamber evaluation, demonstrating both as effective high-volume air samplers capable of retaining quantitative associations. Filter recovery efficiencies were investigated with manual and sampler-specific semi-automated extraction procedures. Bobcat semi-automated extraction showed reduced efficiency compared to manual extraction. Bobcat tended towards higher sampling efficiencies compared to SASS when combined with manual extraction. To evaluate real-world sampling performance, side-by-side SASS and Bobcat sampling was done in a semi-suburban outdoor environment and subway stations. SMS-based microbiome profiles revealed that highly abundant bacterial species had similar representation across samplers. While alpha diversity did not vary for the two samplers, beta diversity analyses showed significant within-pair variation in subway samples. Certain species were found to be captured only by one of the two samplers, particularly in subway samples.
    Conclusions: SASS and Bobcat were both found capable of collecting sufficient aerosol biomass amounts for SMS, even at sampling times down to 30 min. Bobcat semi-automated filter extraction was shown to be less effective than manual filter extraction. For the most abundant species the samplers were comparable, but systematic sampler-specific differences were observed at species level. This suggests that studies conducted with these highly similar air samplers can be compared in a meaningful way, but it would not be recommended to combine samples from the two samplers in joint analyses. The outcome of this work contributes to improved selection of sampling equipment for use in SMS-based aerosol microbiome research and highlights the importance of acknowledging bias introduced by sampling equipment and sample recovery procedures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2524-6372
    ISSN (online) 2524-6372
    DOI 10.1186/s40793-020-00362-x
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  4. Article: Explaining biogeographical range size and measuring its effect on species diversification in bark beetles

    Gohli, Jostein / Bjarte H. Jordal

    Journal of biogeography. 2017 Sept., v. 44, no. 9

    2017  

    Abstract: AIM: To test whether geographical range size is influenced by ecological factors and whether species diversification increases with range sizes in bark beetles. LOCATION: Global METHODS: Here, we (1) evaluate how several predictors – namely mode of ... ...

    Abstract AIM: To test whether geographical range size is influenced by ecological factors and whether species diversification increases with range sizes in bark beetles. LOCATION: Global METHODS: Here, we (1) evaluate how several predictors – namely mode of reproduction, symbiotic associations with fungi, host‐plant type, utilization of specific host‐plant clades, and level of host‐plant specialization – influence geographical range size, and (2) explicitly test whether range size is associated with species diversification. Analyses were performed with a dataset of 109 genera using Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck adaptation models which control for phylogenetic constraints. RESULTS: We found regular inbreeding by sibling mating to predict an increase in geographical range size, whereas angiosperm hosts type predicted smaller geographical ranges compared to gymnosperm associated lineages. Variation in range size was also associated with utilization of specific host‐plant clades, with conifers being the strongest predictor. Furthermore, the number of utilized host‐plant clades showed a positive association with genera level range size. Our analyses also found fungus farming to predict a reduction in geographical range size, but with a smaller effect size than for inbreeding and host‐type. Lastly, we found a strong positive association between biogeographical range size and species diversification rates. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that allopatric speciation is an important contributor to the distribution of species richness in bark beetles. Our study supports the idea that range expansion and speciation are intrinsically linked, and that reproductive behaviour and host‐type preference – through their influence on biogeographical dispersal ability – are ultimately determining factors of species diversification in bark beetles.
    Keywords Angiospermae ; Gymnospermae ; allopatric speciation ; bark beetles ; biogeography ; conifers ; data collection ; environmental factors ; fungi ; host plants ; inbreeding ; models ; phylogeny ; reproductive behavior ; species diversity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-09
    Size p. 2132-2144.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 188963-1
    ISSN 0305-0270
    ISSN 0305-0270
    DOI 10.1111/jbi.13005
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  5. Article ; Online: An interspecific assessment of Bergmann's rule in 22 mammalian families.

    Gohli, Jostein / Voje, Kjetil L

    BMC evolutionary biology

    2016  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 222

    Abstract: Background: Bergmann's rule proposes that animals in cold habitats will be larger than those in warm habitats. This prediction has been tested thoroughly at the intraspecific level, but few studies have investigated the hypothesis with interspecific ... ...

    Abstract Background: Bergmann's rule proposes that animals in cold habitats will be larger than those in warm habitats. This prediction has been tested thoroughly at the intraspecific level, but few studies have investigated the hypothesis with interspecific data using phylogenetic comparative approaches. Many clades of mammals have representatives in numerous distinct biomes, making this order highly suitable for a large-scale interspecific assessment of Bergmann's rule. Here, we evaluate Bergmann's rule within 22 mammalian families-with a dataset that include ~35 % of all described species-using a phylogenetic comparative approach. The method is based on an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of evolution that allows for joint estimation of adaptation and constraints (phylogenetic inertia) in the evolution of a trait. We use this comparative method to investigate whether body mass evolves towards phenotypic optima that are functions of median latitude, maximum latitude or temperature. We also assess the closely related Allen's rule in five families, by testing if relative forelimb length evolves as a function of temperature or latitude.
    Results: Among 22 mammalian families, there was weak support for Bergmann's rule in one family: A decrease in temperature predicted increased body mass in Canidae (canids). We also found latitude and temperature to significantly predict body mass in Geomyidae (pocket gophers); however, the association went in the opposite direction of Bergmann's predictions. Allen's rule was supported in one of the five examined families (Pteropodidae; megabats), but only when forelimb length evolves towards an optimum that is a function of maximum latitude, not median latitude or temperature.
    Conclusions: Based on this exhaustive assessment of Bergmann's rule, we conclude that factors other than latitude and temperature are the major drivers of body mass evolution at the family level in mammals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Forelimb/anatomy & histology ; Geography ; Mammals/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Regression Analysis ; Species Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041493-6
    ISSN 1471-2148 ; 1471-2148
    ISSN (online) 1471-2148
    ISSN 1471-2148
    DOI 10.1186/s12862-016-0778-x
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  6. Article ; Online: Performance evaluation of high-volume electret filter air samplers in aerosol microbiome research

    Kari Oline Bøifot / Jostein Gohli / Gunnar Skogan / Marius Dybwad

    Environmental Microbiome, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Background Reliable identification and quantification of bioaerosols is fundamental in aerosol microbiome research, highlighting the importance of using sampling equipment with well-defined performance characteristics. Following advances in ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Reliable identification and quantification of bioaerosols is fundamental in aerosol microbiome research, highlighting the importance of using sampling equipment with well-defined performance characteristics. Following advances in sequencing technology, shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) of environmental samples is now possible. However, SMS of air samples is challenging due to low biomass, but with the use of high-volume air samplers sufficient DNA yields can be obtained. Here we investigate the sampling performance and comparability of two hand-portable, battery-operated, high-volume electret filter air samplers, SASS 3100 and ACD-200 Bobcat, previously used in SMS-based aerosol microbiome research. Results SASS and Bobcat consistently delivered end-to-end sampling efficiencies > 80% during the aerosol chamber evaluation, demonstrating both as effective high-volume air samplers capable of retaining quantitative associations. Filter recovery efficiencies were investigated with manual and sampler-specific semi-automated extraction procedures. Bobcat semi-automated extraction showed reduced efficiency compared to manual extraction. Bobcat tended towards higher sampling efficiencies compared to SASS when combined with manual extraction. To evaluate real-world sampling performance, side-by-side SASS and Bobcat sampling was done in a semi-suburban outdoor environment and subway stations. SMS-based microbiome profiles revealed that highly abundant bacterial species had similar representation across samplers. While alpha diversity did not vary for the two samplers, beta diversity analyses showed significant within-pair variation in subway samples. Certain species were found to be captured only by one of the two samplers, particularly in subway samples. Conclusions SASS and Bobcat were both found capable of collecting sufficient aerosol biomass amounts for SMS, even at sampling times down to 30 min. Bobcat semi-automated filter extraction was shown to be less effective than manual filter ...
    Keywords Air ; Bioaerosol ; ACD-200 bobcat ; DNA ; Electret ; Filter ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Performance evaluation of a new custom, multi-component DNA isolation method optimized for use in shotgun metagenomic sequencing-based aerosol microbiome research

    Kari Oline Bøifot / Jostein Gohli / Line Victoria Moen / Marius Dybwad

    Environmental Microbiome, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 23

    Abstract: Abstract Background Aerosol microbiome research advances our understanding of bioaerosols, including how airborne microorganisms affect our health and surrounding environment. Traditional microbiological/molecular methods are commonly used to study ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Aerosol microbiome research advances our understanding of bioaerosols, including how airborne microorganisms affect our health and surrounding environment. Traditional microbiological/molecular methods are commonly used to study bioaerosols, but do not allow for generic, unbiased microbiome profiling. Recent studies have adopted shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) to address this issue. However, SMS requires relatively large DNA inputs, which are challenging when studying low biomass air environments, and puts high requirements on air sampling, sample processing and DNA isolation protocols. Previous SMS studies have consequently adopted various mitigation strategies, including long-duration sampling, sample pooling, and whole genome amplification, each associated with some inherent drawbacks/limitations. Results Here, we demonstrate a new custom, multi-component DNA isolation method optimized for SMS-based aerosol microbiome research. The method achieves improved DNA yields from filter-collected air samples by isolating DNA from the entire filter extract, and ensures a more comprehensive microbiome representation by combining chemical, enzymatic and mechanical lysis. Benchmarking against two state-of-the-art DNA isolation methods was performed with a mock microbial community and real-world air samples. All methods demonstrated similar performance regarding DNA yield and community representation with the mock community. However, with subway samples, the new method obtained drastically improved DNA yields, while SMS revealed that the new method reported higher diversity. The new method involves intermediate filter extract separation into a pellet and supernatant fraction. Using subway samples, we demonstrate that supernatant inclusion results in improved DNA yields. Furthermore, SMS of pellet and supernatant fractions revealed overall similar taxonomic composition but also identified differences that could bias the microbiome profile, emphasizing the importance of processing the entire filter ...
    Keywords Aerosol microbiome ; Air sampling ; DNA isolation ; Shotgun metagenomic sequencing ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: SARS-CoV-2 in the Air Surrounding Patients during Nebulizer Therapy.

    Gohli, Jostein / Brantsæter, Arne Broch / Bøifot, Kari Oline / Grub, Carola / Granerud, Beathe Kiland / Holter, Jan Cato / Riise, Anne Margarita Dyrhol / Smedholen, Madelen Foss / Dybwad, Marius

    The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 9297974

    Abstract: Nebulizer therapy is commonly used for patients with obstructive pulmonary disease or acute pulmonary infections with signs of obstruction. It is considered a "potential aerosol-generating procedure," and the risk of disease transmission to health care ... ...

    Abstract Nebulizer therapy is commonly used for patients with obstructive pulmonary disease or acute pulmonary infections with signs of obstruction. It is considered a "potential aerosol-generating procedure," and the risk of disease transmission to health care workers is uncertain. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether nebulizer therapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with increased dispersion of SARS-CoV-2. Air samples collected prior to and during nebulizer therapy were analyzed by RT-PCR and cell culture. Total aerosol particle concentrations were also quantified. Of 13 patients, seven had quantifiable virus in oropharynx samples, and only two had RT-PCR positive air samples. For both these patients, air samples collected during nebulizer therapy had higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations compared to control air samples. Also, for particle sizes 0.3-5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-17
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1057056-1
    ISSN 1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
    ISSN 1712-9532 ; 1180-2332
    DOI 10.1155/2022/9297974
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  9. Article ; Online: Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in air surrounding COVID-19-infected individuals with mild symptoms.

    Gohli, Jostein / Anderson, Ane Marie / Brantsaeter, Arne Broch / Bøifot, Kari Oline / Grub, Carola / Hadley, Cathrine Lund / Lind, Andreas / Pettersen, Ellen Susanne / Søraas, Arne Vasli Lund / Dybwad, Marius

    Indoor air

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) e13001

    Abstract: Since the beginning of the pandemic, the transmission modes of SARS-CoV-2-particularly the role of aerosol transmission-have been much debated. Accumulating evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by aerosols, and not only via larger ... ...

    Abstract Since the beginning of the pandemic, the transmission modes of SARS-CoV-2-particularly the role of aerosol transmission-have been much debated. Accumulating evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by aerosols, and not only via larger respiratory droplets. In this study, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 in air surrounding 14 test subjects in a controlled setting. All subjects had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a recent positive PCR test and had mild symptoms when included in the study. RT-PCR and cell culture analyses were performed on air samples collected at distances of one, two, and four meters from test subjects. Oronasopharyngeal samples were taken from consenting test subjects and analyzed by RT-PCR. Additionally, total aerosol particles were quantified during air sampling trials. Air viral concentrations at one-meter distance were significantly correlated with both viral loads in the upper airways, mild coughing, and fever. One sample collected at four-meter distance was RT-PCR positive. No samples were successfully cultured. The results reported here have potential application for SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring schemes, and for increasing our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. Practical implications. In this study, quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in air was performed around infected persons with mild symptoms. Such persons may go longer before they are diagnosed and may thus be a disproportionately important epidemiological group. By correlating viral concentrations in air with behavior and symptoms, we identify potential risk factors for viral dissemination in indoor environments. We also show that quantification of total aerosol particles is not a useful strategy for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1081722-0
    ISSN 1600-0668 ; 0905-6947
    ISSN (online) 1600-0668
    ISSN 0905-6947
    DOI 10.1111/ina.13001
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  10. Article: Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers

    PISTONE, DARIO / BJARTE H. JORDAL / JOSTEIN GOHLI

    Systematic entomology. 2018 Apr., v. 43, no. 2

    2018  

    Abstract: The phylogeny of the large weevil subfamily Scolytinae has been difficult to resolve based on a limited number of genetic markers. With more than 6000 nominal species in the subfamily, the general lack of resolution at deeper nodes indicates that large ... ...

    Abstract The phylogeny of the large weevil subfamily Scolytinae has been difficult to resolve based on a limited number of genetic markers. With more than 6000 nominal species in the subfamily, the general lack of resolution at deeper nodes indicates that large sequence volumes are needed to solve this problem. We have therefore assembled a large molecular dataset consisting of more than 10 kb of nucleotides from 18 gene fragments, for 182 species. Nucleotide and amino acid translated data were analysed using Bayesian and parsimony‐based approaches, which gave largely congruent results. Compared with previous analyses, we obtained greater resolution for some of the deeper nodes, and detected many unexpected relationships that were strongly supported by our data. The tribe Scolytini was recovered as the earliest divergent lineage in Scolytinae, sometimes placed together with the hexacoline genus Microborus. Among the 26 currently recognized tribes, 15 were monophyletic, whereas the remaining tribes were largely paraphyletic. The majority of species in the tribe Hypoborini were recovered as the sister lineage to a large group containing the species‐rich tribe Dryocoetini, which includes the recently radiated ambrosia beetles in Xyleborini, and Ipini, which includes another recent group of ambrosia beetles in Premnobiina. Cryphalini, Hylesinini and Hylurgini were strikingly polyphyletic tribes, each consisting of several independent lineages. Subgroups were to a large degree defined by geographical affinities, showing a clear distinction between the northern and southern hemispheres. The affiliation of the inbreeding genus Hypothenemus was revealed with strong support as the sister group to the Malagasy and East African species of the genus Cosmoderes. Cryptocarenus was previously assumed to be the sister lineage of Hypothenemus, but was here found to be part of Corthylini, near Araptus. These and many other findings document the need for a thorough revision of the current classification of genera and tribes, including a systematic re‐evaluation of morphological characters.
    Keywords ambrosia beetles ; amino acids ; bark ; Curculionidae ; data collection ; genes ; genetic markers ; Hypothenemus ; inbreeding ; monophyly ; nucleotides ; paraphyly ; polyphyly
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-04
    Size p. 387-406.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 223608-4
    ISSN 0307-6970
    ISSN 0307-6970
    DOI 10.1111/syen.12281
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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