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Article ; Online: Kill or corrupt: Mechanisms of action and drug-resistance of nucleotide analogues against SARS-CoV-2.

Shannon, Ashleigh / Canard, Bruno

2022 Volume 210, Page(s) 105501

Abstract: Nucleoside/tide analogues (NAs) have long been used in the fight against viral diseases, and now present a promising option for the treatment of COVID-19. Once activated to the 5'-triphosphate state, NAs act by targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA- ... ...

Abstract	Nucleoside/tide analogues (NAs) have long been used in the fight against viral diseases, and now present a promising option for the treatment of COVID-19. Once activated to the 5'-triphosphate state, NAs act by targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase for incorporation into the viral RNA genome. Incorporated analogues can either 'kill' (terminate) synthesis, or 'corrupt' (genetically or chemically) the RNA. Against coronaviruses, the use of NAs has been further complicated by the presence of a virally encoded exonuclease domain (nsp14) with proofreading and repair capacities. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of four promising anti-COVID-19 NAs; remdesivir, molnupiravir, favipiravir and bemnifosbuvir. Their distinct mechanisms of action best exemplify the concept of 'killers' and 'corruptors'. We review available data regarding their ability to be incorporated and excised, and discuss the specific structural features that dictate their overall potency, toxicity, and mutagenic potential. This should guide the synthesis of novel analogues, lend insight into the potential for resistance mutations, and provide a rational basis for upcoming combinations therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nucleotides/pharmacology ; Nucleotides/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; RNA, Viral/genetics
Chemical Substances	Nucleotides ; Antiviral Agents ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105501
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Zs.A 1627: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in The Fight Against Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Medford, Abigail / Childs, Jonathan / Little, Ashleigh / Chakraborty, Sanjukta / Baiocchi, Leonardo / Alpini, Gianfranco / Glaser, Shannon

Journal of clinical and translational hepatology

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 949–957

Abstract: The liver has a vital role in many metabolic and regulatory processes in the body. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune disease of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated ... ...

Abstract	The liver has a vital role in many metabolic and regulatory processes in the body. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune disease of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with loss of tolerance to mitochondrial antigens. At this time there is no definitive cure for PBC; however, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to reduce injury when administered as the first line of treatment. Additional therapeutics can be given concurrently or as an alternative to UDCA to manage the symptoms and further curb disease progression. Currently, a liver transplant is the only potentially curative option when the patient has developed end-stage liver disease or intractable pruritus. This review aims to delineate the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis and shed light on current therapeutic strategies in the treatment of PBC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3019822-7
ISSN	2310-8819 ; 2225-0719
ISSN (online)	2310-8819
ISSN	2225-0719
DOI	10.14218/JCTH.2022.00398
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Article ; Online: Personality Change in a Trial of Psilocybin Therapy vs Escitalopram Treatment for Depression - CORRIGENDUM.

Weiss, Brandon / Ginige, Induni / Shannon, Lu / Giribaldi, Bruna / Murphy-Beiner, Ashleigh / Murphy, Roberta / Baker-Jones, Michelle / Martell, Jonny / Nutt, David J / Carhart-Harris, Robin L / Erritzoe, David

Psychological medicine

2023 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 217

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psilocybin/pharmacology ; Psilocybin/therapeutic use ; Escitalopram ; Depression/drug therapy ; Personality Disorders ; Citalopram/therapeutic use ; Personality ; Hallucinogens
Chemical Substances	Psilocybin (2RV7212BP0) ; Escitalopram (4O4S742ANY) ; Citalopram (0DHU5B8D6V) ; Hallucinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291723002039
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Features of Metastatic Disease to the Sellar Regions and Impact of Treatment Modality on Survival

Shannon, Christian M. / Daum, Rachel / Ashby, Landon / Vetter, Imelda / Patel, Ankur / Barnett, Samuel / Connors, Scott / Wang, Ellen / Patel, Toral / Sun, Matt / Halderman, Ashleigh

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

2024 Volume 85, Issue S 01

Event/congress	33rd Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society, Atlanta Marriott Marquis Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 2024-02-16
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	2654269-9
ISSN	2193-634X ; 2193-6331
ISSN (online)	2193-634X
ISSN	2193-6331
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1779998
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Zs.A 3425: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Health-Oriented Marketing on Alcoholic Drinks: An Online Audit and Comparison of Nutrition Content of Australian Products.

Haynes, Ashleigh / Chen, Yan Jun Michelle / Dixon, Helen / Ng Krattli, Shannon / Gu, Lisa / Wakefield, Melanie

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

2022 Volume 83, Issue 5, Page(s) 750–759

Abstract: Objective: Marketing, label design, and product innovation strategies are being used by the alcohol industry to position some products as "healthier choices." The aim of this study was to systematically document the content and prevalence of health- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Marketing, label design, and product innovation strategies are being used by the alcohol industry to position some products as "healthier choices." The aim of this study was to systematically document the content and prevalence of health-oriented marketing on alcohol products on the Australian market and to compare the online availability of nutrition information and the alcohol and nutrient content between products with and without such features. Method: Health-oriented marketing features on all beer, cider, and ready-to-drink (RTD) premixed drinks, and selected wines on the website of the largest liquor retailer in Australia were audited using a systematic coding protocol. Nutrition information was sought from manufacturer/brand websites. Results: A total of 54% of beers, ciders, and RTDs featured health-oriented marketing, the most common forms being natural imagery or descriptors, or references to fruit ingredients. Twenty-one percent of audited wines featured health-oriented marketing. The prevalence of specific features varied by product category. Online availability of nutrition information for alcohol products was poor (12% of beer, cider, and RTDs). Products with health-oriented marketing were lower in energy and alcohol content than those without but were still classed as full-strength alcohol on average. Conclusions: Health-oriented marketing is prevalent on alcohol products sold in Australia. In the absence of universal and standardized health warning and energy content information on labels, permitted health-oriented marketing has the potential to mislead consumers about product healthiness or to detract from the perceived harm associated with alcohol consumption. Research to test this proposition is now needed to guide labeling policy reform.
MeSH term(s)	Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcoholic Beverages ; Australia/epidemiology ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Marketing/methods ; Product Labeling
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2266450-6
ISSN	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683 ; 1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
ISSN (online)	1938-4114 ; 1934-2683
ISSN	1937-1888 ; 0096-882X
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Article ; Online: Candida albicans

Palermo, Shannon M / Newman, Ashleigh W / Koch, Michael W

JFMS open reports

2019 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 2055116919854165

Abstract: Case summary: A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for vomiting, inappetence and icterus. Biochemical results and ultrasonographic findings were consistent with cholestasis and possible biliary obstruction. A diagnosis of : ... ...

Abstract	Case summary: A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for vomiting, inappetence and icterus. Biochemical results and ultrasonographic findings were consistent with cholestasis and possible biliary obstruction. A diagnosis of Relevance and novel information: To our knowledge, this is the first report of biliary candidiasis diagnosed by cytologic examination of a cholecystocentesis sample in a domestic animal with no evidence of immunodeficiency. Additionally, this is the first reported case of fungal cholecystitis with associated white bile syndrome due to obstructive cholestasis, without an overt gall bladder mucocele.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2822177-1
ISSN	2055-1169 ; 2055-1169
ISSN (online)	2055-1169
ISSN	2055-1169
DOI	10.1177/2055116919854165
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Article ; Online: A N7-guanine RNA cap methyltransferase signature-sequence as a genetic marker of large genome, non-mammalian

Ferron, François / Debat, Humberto J / Shannon, Ashleigh / Decroly, Etienne / Canard, Bruno

NAR genomics and bioinformatics

2019 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) lqz022

Abstract: ... The ... ...

Abstract	The order
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2631-9268
ISSN (online)	2631-9268
DOI	10.1093/nargab/lqz022
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Article ; Online: A second type of N7-guanine RNA cap methyltransferase in an unusual locus of a large RNA virus genome.

Shannon, Ashleigh / Sama, Bhawna / Gauffre, Pierre / Guez, Théo / Debart, Françoise / Vasseur, Jean-Jacques / Decroly, Etienne / Canard, Bruno / Ferron, François

Nucleic acids research

2022 Volume 50, Issue 19, Page(s) 11186–11198

Abstract: The order Nidovirales is a diverse group of (+)RNA viruses, with a common genome organization and conserved set of replicative and editing enzymes. In particular, RNA methyltransferases play a central role in mRNA stability and immune escape. However, ... ...

Abstract	The order Nidovirales is a diverse group of (+)RNA viruses, with a common genome organization and conserved set of replicative and editing enzymes. In particular, RNA methyltransferases play a central role in mRNA stability and immune escape. However, their presence and distribution in different Nidovirales families is not homogeneous. In Coronaviridae, the best characterized family, two distinct methytransferases perform methylation of the N7-guanine and 2'-OH of the RNA-cap to generate a cap-1 structure (m7GpppNm). The genes of both of these enzymes are located in the ORF1b genomic region. While 2'-O-MTases can be identified for most other families based on conservation of both sequence motifs and genetic loci, identification of the N7-guanine methyltransferase has proved more challenging. Recently, we identified a putative N7-MTase domain in the ORF1a region (N7-MT-1a) of certain members of the large genome Tobaniviridae family. Here, we demonstrate that this domain indeed harbors N7-specific methyltransferase activity. We present its structure as the first N7-specific Rossmann-fold (RF) MTase identified for (+)RNA viruses, making it remarkably different from that of the known Coronaviridae ORF1b N7-MTase gene. We discuss the evolutionary implications of such an appearance in this unexpected location in the genome, which introduces a split-off in the classification of Tobaniviridae.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; RNA Caps/genetics ; Methyltransferases/genetics ; Methyltransferases/chemistry ; Guanine ; Nidovirales ; Genome, Viral ; RNA, Viral/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA Caps ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; Guanine (5Z93L87A1R) ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186809-3
ISSN	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
ISSN	0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
DOI	10.1093/nar/gkac876
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Zs.A 1067: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression.

Psychological medicine

2023 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 178–192

Abstract: Background: Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe the nature of PT's therapeutic action.: Methods: In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe the nature of PT's therapeutic action. Methods: In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, over a core 6-week trial period. Five-Factor model personality domains, Big Five Aspect Scale Openness aspects, Absorption, and Impulsivity were measured at Baseline, Week 6, and Month 6 follow-up. Results: PT was associated with decreases in neuroticism ( Conclusions: Personality changes across both conditions were in a direction consistent with improved mental health. With the possible exception of trait absorption, there were no compelling between-condition differences warranting conclusions regarding a selective action of PT (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psilocybin/pharmacology ; Psilocybin/therapeutic use ; Escitalopram ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Depression ; Personality ; Neuroticism
Chemical Substances	Psilocybin (2RV7212BP0) ; Escitalopram (4O4S742ANY)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291723001514
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Article ; Online: Recent Advances in Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Heterogeneity.

Little, Ashleigh / Medford, Abigail / O'Brien, April / Childs, Jonathan / Pan, Sharon / Machado, Jolaine / Chakraborty, Sanjukta / Glaser, Shannon

Seminars in liver disease

2022 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Biliary epithelium (i.e., cholangiocytes) is a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells in the liver, which line small and large bile ducts and have individual responses and functions dependent on size and location in the biliary tract. We discuss ... ...

Abstract	Biliary epithelium (i.e., cholangiocytes) is a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells in the liver, which line small and large bile ducts and have individual responses and functions dependent on size and location in the biliary tract. We discuss the recent findings showing that the intrahepatic biliary tree is heterogeneous regarding (1) morphology and function, (2) hormone expression and signaling (3), response to injury, and (4) roles in liver regeneration. This review overviews the significant characteristics and differences of the small and large cholangiocytes. Briefly, it outlines the in vitro and in vivo models used in the heterogeneity evaluation. In conclusion, future studies addressing biliary heterogeneity's role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases characterized by ductular reaction may reveal novel therapeutic approaches.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Epithelium/pathology ; Epithelial Cells ; Liver ; Liver Diseases/metabolism ; Biliary Tract
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603177-8
ISSN	1098-8971 ; 0272-8087
ISSN (online)	1098-8971
ISSN	0272-8087
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1758833
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