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  1. Article ; Online: Renin-Angiotensin System: An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

    Hrenak, Jaroslav / Simko, Fedor

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 21

    Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary ... ...

    Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a significant role in these processes. The activities of RAS molecules are subject to dynamic changes in response to an injury. Initially, increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II and des-Arg
    MeSH term(s) ADAM17 Protein/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Capillary Permeability/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; Mice ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pulmonary Edema/pathology ; Rats ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
    Chemical Substances TNF protein, human ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Ace2 protein, mouse (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Ace2 protein, rat (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; ADAM17 Protein (EC 3.4.24.86) ; ADAM17 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.86)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms21218038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Friend or Foe-The Matter of Balance. Insight on History, Therapeutic Implications and COVID-19 Interactions.

    Simko, Fedor / Hrenak, Jaroslav / Adamcova, Michaela / Paulis, Ludovit

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 6

    Abstract: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) ranks among the most challenging puzzles in cardiovascular medicine [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) ranks among the most challenging puzzles in cardiovascular medicine [...].
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms22063217
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Renin–Angiotensin System

    Jaroslav Hrenak / Fedor Simko

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 8038, p

    An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

    2020  Volume 8038

    Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary ... ...

    Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a significant role in these processes. The activities of RAS molecules are subject to dynamic changes in response to an injury. Initially, increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II and des-Arg 9 -bradykinin (DABK), are necessary for an effective defense. Later, augmented angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 activity supposedly helps to attenuate inflammation. Appropriate ACE2 activity might be decisive in preventing immune-induced damage and ensuring tissue repair. ACE2 has been identified as a common target for different pathogens. Some Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, also use ACE2 to infiltrate the cells. A number of questions remain unresolved. The importance of ACE2 shedding, associated with the release of soluble ACE2 and ADAM17-mediated activation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-signaling is unclear. The roles of other non-classical RAS-associated molecules, e.g., alamandine, Ang A or Ang 1–9, also deserve attention. In addition, the impact of established RAS-inhibiting drugs on the pulmonary RAS is to be elucidated. The unfavorable prognosis of ARDS and the lack of effective treatment urge the search for novel therapeutic strategies. In the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and considering the involvement of humoral disbalance in the pathogenesis of ARDS, targeting the renin–angiotensin system and reducing the pathogen’s cell entry could be a promising therapeutic strategy in the struggle against COVID-19.
    Keywords ARDS ; renin–angiotensin system ; ACE2 ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System

    Fedor Simko / Jaroslav Hrenak / Michaela Adamcova / Ludovit Paulis

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 3217, p

    Friend or Foe—The Matter of Balance. Insight on History, Therapeutic Implications and COVID-19 Interactions

    2021  Volume 3217

    Abstract: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) ranks among the most challenging puzzles in cardiovascular medicine [.] ...

    Abstract The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) ranks among the most challenging puzzles in cardiovascular medicine [.]
    Keywords n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.

    Hrenak, Jaroslav / Zorad, Stefan / Simko, Fedor

    General physiology and biophysics

    2020  Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–204

    Abstract: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ... ...

    Abstract Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pharmacological restraining the classical RAS axis might be beneficial due to the reduction of deleterious effects of angiotensin II and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1-7 pathway. Unless large controlled studies are performed, RAS inhibition remains the cornerstone therapy in populations with cardiovascular disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin II/blood ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-11
    Publishing country Slovakia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 791184-1
    ISSN 0231-5882
    ISSN 0231-5882
    DOI 10.4149/gpb_2020019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Renin-Angiotensin System: An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

    Hrenak, Jaroslav / Simko, Fedor

    Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary ... ...

    Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by massive inflammation, increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Mortality due to ARDS remains very high and even in the case of survival, acute lung injury can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a significant role in these processes. The activities of RAS molecules are subject to dynamic changes in response to an injury. Initially, increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II and des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), are necessary for an effective defense. Later, augmented angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 activity supposedly helps to attenuate inflammation. Appropriate ACE2 activity might be decisive in preventing immune-induced damage and ensuring tissue repair. ACE2 has been identified as a common target for different pathogens. Some Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, also use ACE2 to infiltrate the cells. A number of questions remain unresolved. The importance of ACE2 shedding, associated with the release of soluble ACE2 and ADAM17-mediated activation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-signaling is unclear. The roles of other non-classical RAS-associated molecules, e.g., alamandine, Ang A or Ang 1-9, also deserve attention. In addition, the impact of established RAS-inhibiting drugs on the pulmonary RAS is to be elucidated. The unfavorable prognosis of ARDS and the lack of effective treatment urge the search for novel therapeutic strategies. In the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and considering the involvement of humoral disbalance in the pathogenesis of ARDS, targeting the renin-angiotensin system and reducing the pathogen's cell entry could be a promising therapeutic strategy in the struggle against COVID-19.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #895372
    Database COVID19

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Melatonin as a putative protection against myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection.

    Simko, Fedor / Hrenak, Jaroslav / Dominguez-Rodriguez, Alberto / Reiter, Russel J

    Expert review of clinical pharmacology

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 9, Page(s) 921–924

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Heart Diseases/etiology ; Heart Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Melatonin/metabolism ; Melatonin/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 1751-2441
    ISSN (online) 1751-2441
    DOI 10.1080/17512433.2020.1814141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction

    Hrenak, Jaroslav / Zorad, Stefan / Simko, Fedor

    Hrenak, Jaroslav; Zorad, Stefan; Simko, Fedor (2020). Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications. General physiology and biophysics, 39(03), pp. 203-204. AEPress 10.4149/gpb_2020019

    underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications

    2020  

    Keywords 610 Medicine & health ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher AEPress
    Publishing country ch
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications

    Hrenak, Jaroslav / Zorad, Stefan / Simko, Fedor

    Gen Physiol Biophys

    Abstract: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ... ...

    Abstract Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pharmacological restraining the classical RAS axis might be beneficial due to the reduction of deleterious effects of angiotensin II and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1-7 pathway. Unless large controlled studies are performed, RAS inhibition remains the cornerstone therapy in populations with cardiovascular disorders.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32525813
    Database COVID19

    Kategorien

  10. Article: Melatonin as a putative protection against myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection

    Simko, Fedor / Hrenak, Jaroslav / Dominguez-Rodriguez, Alberto / Reiter, Russel J

    Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #745878
    Database COVID19

    Kategorien

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